- Email: [email protected]
Formula of diesel substitute synthetic fuel
02 Liquid fuels (derived liquid fuek) with further changes in gasoline composition and engine design, additives will also be able to keep the combustion chamber clean, thus providing the ultimate deposit-free engine. In order to provide the optimum solution for the ultimate customer, it is essential for oil and additive companies to work in association with the automobile manufacturers.
Derived liquid fuels 00100116 Application of supercritical fluids to postpetrochemistry
Saka, S. Chorinkai Suishin Gijutsu, 1999, 3, 28-31. (In Japanese) In the conventional process of converting vegetable oils into diesel fuel oil, the vegetable oil reacts with CHsOH in the presence of a basic catalyst for methyl-esterification of triglycerides, to alter its diesel fuel oil properties. Time-consuming post-treatment steps are required when using the catalyst. As part of programs for chemical conversion of biomass resources using supercritical fluids, conversion of vegetable oils into diesel fuel using supercritical CHsOH is investigated. It has been discovered that when rape seed oil is treated with the supercritical fluid under the conditions of 120 seconds, 380” and 28 MPa in the absence of catalyst, is can be efficiently converted.
The objective of this case study was to examine the economics of three lignocellulose-to-ethanol conversion technologies: fast pyrolysis integrated with a fermentation step, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), and diluted sulfuric acid hydrolysis and fermentation. It was assumed that all the technologies produced 25 million gallons of ethanol per year. The three technologies were compared in terms of operating costs, capital costs and ethanol production costs. Sensitivity analyses were performed to study the uncertainties of wood costs and ethanol production rates on ethanol production costs. The final investigation was an economic analysis, the results indicated that fast pyrolysis integrated with a fermentation step is comparable with the other two processes and suggests that considerations should be made for developing it further. 00/00122 Formula of diesel substitute synthetic fuel Wang, B. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1,127,288 (Cl. ClOL1/22), 24 Jul 1996, Appl. 95,110,013, 20 Jan 1995. 4. (In Chinese) Diesel substitute synthetic fuel contains refined medium oil 50-60%, modified solvent 35-25%. additives 5% and combustion imoroves 10%. Preparation of the fuel involves stirring the refined medium oil for 5 minutes, adding the additives to the oil under stirring for 1 hour, then the modified solvent is added and stirred for 30 minutes. Finally the combustion improver is added, the mixture is stirred for 10 minutes and then filtrated.
00/00123 00100117 Catalytic performance of CuCr/CHJONa used for low temperature methanol synthesis in slurry phase Zhao, Y. L. et al. J. Nat. Gas Chem., 1999, 8, (3), 181-187. Reaction performance of the catalyst system CuCr/CHsONa was examined. The study consisted of preparing CuCr and sodium methoxide in low temperature methanol synthesis in the slurry phase. The reaction conditions were temperature lOO-140°C; pressure 3.5-4.7 MPa syngas with 2 H&O ratio; xylene, methanol or liquid paraffin as a liquid medium. From the results it was apparent that the optimum reaction conditions were 120°C and 4.7 MPa, and the best liquid medium was xylene. With increasing operational pressure, the conversion of carbon monoxide increased. The reaction performance of the catalyst system represented by CO conversion was essentially stable during a duration test of 44 hours on stream.
00100116 Characterization and yrolytic performance of hydrotreated derivatives from a Pight cycle oil for advanced jet fuel applications
Strohm, J. J. et al. Prepr. -Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Pet. Chem., 1999, 44, (3), 386-390. Two jet fuels, namely a coal-derived (JP8C) fuel and a petroleumderived hydrotreated light cycle oil (LCO)] were studied at 480” with stressing periods up to two hours, in order to investigate their thermal performance. The results produced by the two fuels were similar, based on solids deposition, but JPBC was better when gas production was considered. However, after removing most of the C,is-paraffins by simple cut-point distillation at 250” and adding ~10 mol% Tetralin, a clear enhancement in the reduction of solids deposition and gaseous products during thermal stressing were obtained. In conclusion, these fuels could be employed as heat sinks for high-March aircraft.
00/00119 Colombian coal liquefaction and its coprocessing with Venezuelan crude oil Yoshida, R. et al. Energy Cowers. Manage., 1999, 40, (13), 1357-1364. Excellent reactivity of coprocessing and liquefaction is demonstrated with Titiribi coal from Colombia. Anthracene oil was excellent as a vehicle oil to facilitate the liquefaction reaction during the initial stage at 400°C. In the case of coprocessing with Morichal crude oil and redmud/sulfur catalyst, the maximum conversion of Titiribi coal was about 79 wt% daf at 400°C and approximately 93 wt% daf at 450°C. The hydrogen consumption in the presence of Morichal crude oil is lower than that in the presence of anthracene oil. This observation is believed to be the effect of hydrogen sulfide and Morichal crude oil’s hydrogen donor ability.
Formula of diesel substitute synthetic fuel
Wang, B. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1,127,288 (Cl. ClOL1/22), 24 Jul 1996, Appl. 95,110,013, 20 Jan 1995. 4. (In Chinese) The synthetic fuel contains refined medium oil 50-60%, modified solvent 35-25%, additives 5%, and combustion improver 10%. The additives contain p-isopropylbenzonitrile 25%, sulfonate 25%, Bu nitrate 25%, and Ba sulfonate 25%. Preparation of the fuel the refined medium oil being stirred for five minutes, additives were then added to the oil and the stirring continued for another hour, a modified solvent was then fed into the mixture and stirring continued for another 30 minutes. Finally a combustion improver was added, stirring commenced for a further 10 minutes and filtration was carried out.
00100124 Functions and kinds of solvents in direct coal liquefaction
Xue, Y. et al. Meitan Zhuanhua, 1999, 22, (4) l-4. (In Chinese) This paper reviews the functions and types of solvents used in the liquefaction of coal. Solvents have many functions, such as dissolving, dispersing, swelling and diluting coal particles and preventing the polymerization of free radicals. The main focus of the paper is on the hydrogen donor solvent, which can provide and transfer active hydrogen; it can be classified as a common solvent that is used for industry or research, heavy oil such as coal-tar, residue and plastic and rubber wastes; when they are processed with coal, they are meaningful for economizing resources and improving the environment. 00100125 Highly active and stable iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst for synthesis gas conversion to liquid fuels
Bukur, D. B. and Lang, X. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1999, 38, (9), 32703275. A stirred tank slurry reactor was used to test a precipitated iron Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) catalyst (100 Fe/3 Cu/4 K/16 SiOz on mass basis), under reaction conditions representative of industrial practice using CO-rich synthesis gas (260 “C; 1.5-2.2 MPa, H&O = ‘/a). On a laboratory scale, the repeatability of performance and reproducibility of catalyst preparation procedure were successfully demonstrated. Catalyst productivity was increased by operating at higher synthesis pressure while maintaining a constant contact time in the reactor and through the use of different catalyst pre-treatment procedures. In one of the tests the results showed a substantial improvement in productivity in comparison to state-of-the-art iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. This catalyst is ideally suited for transforming coal-derived synthesis gas into high-quality diesel fuels and Cz-C4 olefins.
Improvement of coal liquefaction process by using the ultrafine particles of molybdenum sulfide
00100126 00/00120
Conversion of tar sands and oil shales to motor
fuels Kotowski, W. and Fechner, W. Przem. Chem., 1999, 78, (8), 283-285. (In Poland) The world resources of bitumens are reviewed. Details are also provided on refining and motor fuel manufacturing from oil shale and tar sand.
00/00121 Economic analysis of selected lignocellulose-toethanol conversion technologies So, K. S. and Brown, R. C. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 1999, 77-79, 633-640.
Kuriki, Y. et al. Anzen Kogaku, 1999, 38, (4), 228-234. (In Japanese) The production of coal derived oil involves the reaction of coal slurry (a mixture of pulverized coal, catalyst particles and recycle solvent) and hydrogen. In the coal liquefaction equipment, the slurry causes erosion of the valves and blockage of the pipeline. The following were carried out as a prevention: design change of the equipment and improvement on operation technology. It is believed that the erosion is caused by the ash of coal and the hard particles of iron used as a catalyst. Therefore, the effect of the use of ultrafine particles of soft molybdenum sulfide instead of the use of pyrite particles as an iron catalyst was investigated. The control of the erosion of the valves was expected. This molybdenum sulfide catalyst showed the high activity and the generFuel and Energy Abstracts
January 2001
13
Derived liquid fuels 00100116 Application of supercritical fluids to postpetrochemistry
Saka, S. Chorinkai Suishin Gijutsu, 1999, 3, 28-31. (In Japanese) In the conventional process of converting vegetable oils into diesel fuel oil, the vegetable oil reacts with CHsOH in the presence of a basic catalyst for methyl-esterification of triglycerides, to alter its diesel fuel oil properties. Time-consuming post-treatment steps are required when using the catalyst. As part of programs for chemical conversion of biomass resources using supercritical fluids, conversion of vegetable oils into diesel fuel using supercritical CHsOH is investigated. It has been discovered that when rape seed oil is treated with the supercritical fluid under the conditions of 120 seconds, 380” and 28 MPa in the absence of catalyst, is can be efficiently converted.
The objective of this case study was to examine the economics of three lignocellulose-to-ethanol conversion technologies: fast pyrolysis integrated with a fermentation step, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), and diluted sulfuric acid hydrolysis and fermentation. It was assumed that all the technologies produced 25 million gallons of ethanol per year. The three technologies were compared in terms of operating costs, capital costs and ethanol production costs. Sensitivity analyses were performed to study the uncertainties of wood costs and ethanol production rates on ethanol production costs. The final investigation was an economic analysis, the results indicated that fast pyrolysis integrated with a fermentation step is comparable with the other two processes and suggests that considerations should be made for developing it further. 00/00122 Formula of diesel substitute synthetic fuel Wang, B. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1,127,288 (Cl. ClOL1/22), 24 Jul 1996, Appl. 95,110,013, 20 Jan 1995. 4. (In Chinese) Diesel substitute synthetic fuel contains refined medium oil 50-60%, modified solvent 35-25%. additives 5% and combustion imoroves 10%. Preparation of the fuel involves stirring the refined medium oil for 5 minutes, adding the additives to the oil under stirring for 1 hour, then the modified solvent is added and stirred for 30 minutes. Finally the combustion improver is added, the mixture is stirred for 10 minutes and then filtrated.
00/00123 00100117 Catalytic performance of CuCr/CHJONa used for low temperature methanol synthesis in slurry phase Zhao, Y. L. et al. J. Nat. Gas Chem., 1999, 8, (3), 181-187. Reaction performance of the catalyst system CuCr/CHsONa was examined. The study consisted of preparing CuCr and sodium methoxide in low temperature methanol synthesis in the slurry phase. The reaction conditions were temperature lOO-140°C; pressure 3.5-4.7 MPa syngas with 2 H&O ratio; xylene, methanol or liquid paraffin as a liquid medium. From the results it was apparent that the optimum reaction conditions were 120°C and 4.7 MPa, and the best liquid medium was xylene. With increasing operational pressure, the conversion of carbon monoxide increased. The reaction performance of the catalyst system represented by CO conversion was essentially stable during a duration test of 44 hours on stream.
00100116 Characterization and yrolytic performance of hydrotreated derivatives from a Pight cycle oil for advanced jet fuel applications
Strohm, J. J. et al. Prepr. -Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Pet. Chem., 1999, 44, (3), 386-390. Two jet fuels, namely a coal-derived (JP8C) fuel and a petroleumderived hydrotreated light cycle oil (LCO)] were studied at 480” with stressing periods up to two hours, in order to investigate their thermal performance. The results produced by the two fuels were similar, based on solids deposition, but JPBC was better when gas production was considered. However, after removing most of the C,is-paraffins by simple cut-point distillation at 250” and adding ~10 mol% Tetralin, a clear enhancement in the reduction of solids deposition and gaseous products during thermal stressing were obtained. In conclusion, these fuels could be employed as heat sinks for high-March aircraft.
00/00119 Colombian coal liquefaction and its coprocessing with Venezuelan crude oil Yoshida, R. et al. Energy Cowers. Manage., 1999, 40, (13), 1357-1364. Excellent reactivity of coprocessing and liquefaction is demonstrated with Titiribi coal from Colombia. Anthracene oil was excellent as a vehicle oil to facilitate the liquefaction reaction during the initial stage at 400°C. In the case of coprocessing with Morichal crude oil and redmud/sulfur catalyst, the maximum conversion of Titiribi coal was about 79 wt% daf at 400°C and approximately 93 wt% daf at 450°C. The hydrogen consumption in the presence of Morichal crude oil is lower than that in the presence of anthracene oil. This observation is believed to be the effect of hydrogen sulfide and Morichal crude oil’s hydrogen donor ability.
Formula of diesel substitute synthetic fuel
Wang, B. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1,127,288 (Cl. ClOL1/22), 24 Jul 1996, Appl. 95,110,013, 20 Jan 1995. 4. (In Chinese) The synthetic fuel contains refined medium oil 50-60%, modified solvent 35-25%, additives 5%, and combustion improver 10%. The additives contain p-isopropylbenzonitrile 25%, sulfonate 25%, Bu nitrate 25%, and Ba sulfonate 25%. Preparation of the fuel the refined medium oil being stirred for five minutes, additives were then added to the oil and the stirring continued for another hour, a modified solvent was then fed into the mixture and stirring continued for another 30 minutes. Finally a combustion improver was added, stirring commenced for a further 10 minutes and filtration was carried out.
00100124 Functions and kinds of solvents in direct coal liquefaction
Xue, Y. et al. Meitan Zhuanhua, 1999, 22, (4) l-4. (In Chinese) This paper reviews the functions and types of solvents used in the liquefaction of coal. Solvents have many functions, such as dissolving, dispersing, swelling and diluting coal particles and preventing the polymerization of free radicals. The main focus of the paper is on the hydrogen donor solvent, which can provide and transfer active hydrogen; it can be classified as a common solvent that is used for industry or research, heavy oil such as coal-tar, residue and plastic and rubber wastes; when they are processed with coal, they are meaningful for economizing resources and improving the environment. 00100125 Highly active and stable iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst for synthesis gas conversion to liquid fuels
Bukur, D. B. and Lang, X. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1999, 38, (9), 32703275. A stirred tank slurry reactor was used to test a precipitated iron Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) catalyst (100 Fe/3 Cu/4 K/16 SiOz on mass basis), under reaction conditions representative of industrial practice using CO-rich synthesis gas (260 “C; 1.5-2.2 MPa, H&O = ‘/a). On a laboratory scale, the repeatability of performance and reproducibility of catalyst preparation procedure were successfully demonstrated. Catalyst productivity was increased by operating at higher synthesis pressure while maintaining a constant contact time in the reactor and through the use of different catalyst pre-treatment procedures. In one of the tests the results showed a substantial improvement in productivity in comparison to state-of-the-art iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. This catalyst is ideally suited for transforming coal-derived synthesis gas into high-quality diesel fuels and Cz-C4 olefins.
Improvement of coal liquefaction process by using the ultrafine particles of molybdenum sulfide
00100126 00/00120
Conversion of tar sands and oil shales to motor
fuels Kotowski, W. and Fechner, W. Przem. Chem., 1999, 78, (8), 283-285. (In Poland) The world resources of bitumens are reviewed. Details are also provided on refining and motor fuel manufacturing from oil shale and tar sand.
00/00121 Economic analysis of selected lignocellulose-toethanol conversion technologies So, K. S. and Brown, R. C. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 1999, 77-79, 633-640.
Kuriki, Y. et al. Anzen Kogaku, 1999, 38, (4), 228-234. (In Japanese) The production of coal derived oil involves the reaction of coal slurry (a mixture of pulverized coal, catalyst particles and recycle solvent) and hydrogen. In the coal liquefaction equipment, the slurry causes erosion of the valves and blockage of the pipeline. The following were carried out as a prevention: design change of the equipment and improvement on operation technology. It is believed that the erosion is caused by the ash of coal and the hard particles of iron used as a catalyst. Therefore, the effect of the use of ultrafine particles of soft molybdenum sulfide instead of the use of pyrite particles as an iron catalyst was investigated. The control of the erosion of the valves was expected. This molybdenum sulfide catalyst showed the high activity and the generFuel and Energy Abstracts
January 2001
13