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Foundation considerations for a nuclear power plant. 15F, 2T, 6R
125A
M e a s u r e m e n t of w a t e r pressure and its effects
Tunnels
1237 HARPER,TR DAMES AND MOORE, LONDON,GB The transient groundwater pressure response to rainfall and the prediction of rock slope instability.
1243 '.~q ING,KS Cca%crete for tunnel liners .Behaviour of steel fibre reinforced concrete under combined loads .Report. 23F,gT,10R. D~T.CIV. ENGNG,UNIV, ILLINo IS,URBANA- CHAMPAIGN, USA, AUG. 1974, 72P • This study was undertaken to determine the behaviour of a steel fibre reinforced concrete member subjected to combined compressive and flexttral loads. In adclltion, information was obtained on the tensile stress-strain relationship, the modulus of elasticity in compression, and Polsson's ratio. Interaction diagrams are presented for concretes made with two quick setting cements and fibre contents of 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5 percent by volume. Compressive failures, tensile failure, sad slm~ltaneous compressive-tensile failures were obtained depending on the moment to axial load ratio. A method is presented for determining the tensile stress-straln relationship for a length of beam immediately surrounding a crack. This tensile stress-straln relationship makes possible a computerized post-crack analysis of a fibre reinforced concrete structures. Fibre content, fibre orientation, and type of cement appear to have little effect on Poisson's ratio but do influence the modulus of elasticity and the strength.
4F, 5R. INT.J .ROCK MECH .MIN.SCI .GEOMECH. ABSTR .V12,N5.6, JUNE, 1975, P175 -179 •
Underground excavations See abstract: 1275.
Mines 1238 HENDRICKS,RS HECLA MIN.CO .CASAGRKNDE,ARIZ .USA Decline development at the Lakeshore property.Conference. 2F, 1T. PROC.1ST N.AMER.RAPID EXCAV.TUNNELLING CONF.CHICAGO,JUNE 1972, AIME, V2,1972, P897- 913. The Lakeshore copper property, located in Arizona, is a m~Jor prophyry type deposit. The development layout is described and brief details Of the following are given: drilling; blasting; survey control; ground support; water.
1239
1244 LOUIS, C MASURE,P Geotechnical classification of rocks for underground workings .In French.2R. BULL .BUR .RECH.GEOL.MIN. GEOL. APPL.CHRON .MINEs, SECT. 2, Nl,1975,P84.
REDPATH, JS J .S .R~DPATH LTD .NTH BAY, ONT, CDN Creight~n No 9 shaft - 7,137 feet sunk in one lift. Conference .5F,1R. 1245 PROC .1ST N.AM~.RAPID EXCAV~TUNNELLING CONF.CHICAGO, BAAR, CA JUNE 1972, AIME,V2,1972, P8~3.862. Experiences from the driving of the Tauern Tunnel. The risks involved in sinking a deep shaft, as compsred to Discussion of paper by E.Hackl. Rock Mechanics, Vol.6, an ordinary shaft, based on experience gained in this No 2,1974.6R. pro~ect are considered. The aspects covered include ground ROCK MECH .V7,N2, JUNE, 1975, P121-12~. cc~aditions, water conditions, equlpment, ventilation, sur~eyiug, and safety. 1256 P~,WF 1240 ROBERTS,KC SOMERTON,WH UNIV .CALIF .BERKELEY,USA Developments in trench-type tunnel construction.SOYLEMEZ/3GLU,I}4 N.V.TURKBE SHELL, TR A review.8F. DUDLEY,RC EXXON COMPANY, USA J .CONSTR .DIV .ASCE.VIO1, COl .MAR .1975,P37-49. Effect of stress on permeability of coal.23F,18T,l~R. INT.J .ROCK MECH.MIN.SCI. GEOMECH.ABSTR.VI2 ,N5_6, JUNE. 1247 1975,P129-145. MOHRAZ,B S .METHODIST UNIV .DALLAS,USA H~[DRON, AJ UNIV. ILLINOIS, URBANA, USA 1241 RANKEN, RE UNIV. ILLINOIS, URBANA, USA SAAC,CJ Liner.medium interaction in tunnels.16F,iT,9R. SIMMS, JC J.CONSTR .DIV .ASCE,VI011, C01.MAR .1975,P127-141. ORTLEPP, WD Results fr(~n a number of elsatic finite element solutions The practical application Of rock mechanics in the for determination of forces and deformations in tunnel partial extraction of no.2 shaft pillar at Harmony liners are presented. The ~ffect on forces and deforms, Gold Mining Company Limited. tions in the liner of the properties of the raedium, los= ASS.MINE M3RS, S .AFR.CIRCUIAR, N2,MAY, 1975,2P. ding conditions a~d the extension of the t1~anel lo~itudlnally are exs/~ed. 1242 GORECKI, J ACAD .MIN .METALL.CRACOW, PL 1248 LAMA, RD UNIV .KARLSRUHE, D KUESEL, TR PARSONS, BR INCKmqHOFF, NY, USA Influence of geological and machine parameters on A tale of three tunnels.6F. size of coal.llF,7T,6R. CIV. ENGNG, ASCE, V4~, Nl2, DEC .1974,P50- 55. INT.J .ROCK MECH .MIN.SC I.GEOMECH. ABSTR .ViZ,N7, JULY, This article describes the techniques that were used 1975, F191- 202. to solve t~e problems that arose during the const~-
126A
uction of three underwater tunnels. The cases were: steel shell tube design for the Hor~ Kong Tunnel, the use of the trench method for the 63rd Street Tunnel in New York City and a system of surcharged sand drains for the Second Hampton Roads Tunnel in Virginia.
Power plants See also abstract: 1285. 1249 BEAvIS,FC UNIV.NEW SOUTH WALEB,AUS Engineering geology of D Power Station, Yallourn, Austr alia.llF, 2T, 5R. Q.J.ENGNG GEOL .vS,N2,1975, Pl03-117. Geological investigations for the "D" extension to the Yallourn Power Station and auxiliary works are described. The investigation included field mapping, boring and field and laboratory testing of materials. Brown coal was in important material in the foundations. Auth.
In-situ stresses in ground and stress around underground openings 1250 LOGTERS, G Three-dimensional deformation during superficial tunnel excavations. In Germsn .48F, 3T, 66R. INST .BOD~MECH. FELSMECH. UNIV .FRED~ IC IANA, KARLSRUHE, N59,1974,103P. Displacements occurring around a near-surface tunnel tube during the process of excavation were observed in a transparent gelatin three.dlmensional model. A model law was defined so that the test results could be transferred to the scale of any prototype tunnel. The test results rendered information about the importance of the nc~-vertical components of displacement and of the heave effect below the tunnel. Moreover it could be shown how m~ch the ground displacements are influenced by a variation of the thickness of cover above the tunnel as well as by different tunnelling methods (shield and New Austrian Tunnelling Method). The development of pressures on the tunnel lining close to the face was observed in the model. Relations were derived that allow to calculate the pressures on the lining. By comparison with in-sltu measurement the theoretical values were confirmed. Several e~irical methods for the determiuation of the settlement trough at the surface were corroborated by the test results, while the validity of some new theories on the interpretation of in-situ measurements with regard to ground loosening had t6 be restricted. 1251 ORR, CM NAT .MECH. ENGNG RES. INST, PRETORIA, ZA High horizontal stresses in near surface rock masses. Conference .Session four .Synopsis. 6TH REG.CONF.AFRICA, SOIL MECH.FOUND.ENGNG,DURBAN, SEPT. 1975, S .AFR. INST .CIV. ~GRS. 6P. A brief review of the results of virgin stress determinations conducted in various parts of the world is presented. These results show that, in most cases, up to depths of 800 metres below surface the ~ i t u d e s of the horizontal stresses exceed those of the vertical or overburden stresses. Recent results obtained from stress measurements conducted in various parts of Southern Africa agree well with the general trend. Auth.
Surface subsidence and caving 1252 KWIAT~<, J Field tests on the effect of underground mining on experimental buildings. In Polish. PR. GLOWN. INST .GORN .N620,197~, P3-13 •
Investigations were carried out by the Central Mining Institute (Katowlce) to determine the magnitude of tensile forces in flexible bench-type foundations of buildings erected for the purpose on ground subject to the influence of underground coal mining. The methods used in conducting the tests are described and the results obtained are compared with those obtained theoretically. From the field experiments it was shown that for a ground creep of up to 3n~n/m, for foundation benches situated a/ong the direction of creep, the force distribution along the length of the foundations may be taken as parabolic. Auth. 1253 SAU~q, A The effects of the degree of undermining, the concentration of workings and the rate of advance on the pre-ealculatlon of ground movements ; In German. GLUCKAUF. FORSCHEFTE, V36, N1, FHB. 1975, P16- 26. 1254 BUT~,RA A .A .MATTHEWs,WASHINGTON DC .USA HAMPTON,D HOWARD UNIV.WASHINGTON DO.USA Subsidence over soft ground tunnel .10F,2T,9R. J .GEOTECH. ~ G N G DIV .ASCE,VIO1, GT1, JAN.1975, P35- 50. The existing soil and groundwater conditions and the construction procedures used in advancing a machine-mined tunnel in soft ground are described. Settlement data from an instrumentation program performed during tunnel construction are presented. Data obtained for this tunnel are compared with that published for other soft ground tunnels and from this comparison a mathematical (error) function is applied to approximate the subsidence profile.
Temporary and permanent supports 1255 0RAVECZ, KI COLL. RES. LAB. CHAM.MINES, ZA Loading of coal pillars in bord and pi]lRr workings. Report. 79F, 18T, 120R. CHAMB~q OF MINES OF SOUTH AFRICA,RES.REPORT NO 40-73, OCT .1973,224P. In this report a solution to the problem of predicting the actual load on pillars for use in the design of bord and pillar workings is sought within the framework of the elastic theory. An idealized bord and pillar layout was used to obtain an analytical solution of stress and displacement distributions and this was compared with field data. An analogue technique was used to obtain a solutlcn for practical mining geometries. Extensive field investigations using specially developed techniques of displacement measurement were conducted to assess the reliability of this method. From the results of numerous "analogue runs" a family of design curves was constructed for a rsnge of mining geometries and physical properties. These may be used to determine pillar loads in regular pl]/ar layouts in the case of horizontal or near horizontal stratification. 1256 LOUIS, C PIPAUD, J Teehnolo~ and measurement of modern tunnel supports. In French.5R. BULL. BUR oREOH .GEOL .MIN. GEOL.APPL. CHRON .MINES, SECT. 2. N1,1975, PSi- 85 • 1257 WII~ON, AH NAT.COAL BOARD, BREI~Y, GB Support load requirements on longws]l faces .7F,8R. MIN. E~GR .V134,N6, JUNE,1975, Ph79- 491. A theoretical treatment of the problem has been made by assuming the roof in need of support to be a freed block of the lower roof where shape and size are governed by the manner of caving in the waste. The required support thrusts have been calculated for a variety of conditions. A discussion of the paper by J.D.Kibble, B.N.Whittaker,
M e a s u r e m e n t of w a t e r pressure and its effects
Tunnels
1237 HARPER,TR DAMES AND MOORE, LONDON,GB The transient groundwater pressure response to rainfall and the prediction of rock slope instability.
1243 '.~q ING,KS Cca%crete for tunnel liners .Behaviour of steel fibre reinforced concrete under combined loads .Report. 23F,gT,10R. D~T.CIV. ENGNG,UNIV, ILLINo IS,URBANA- CHAMPAIGN, USA, AUG. 1974, 72P • This study was undertaken to determine the behaviour of a steel fibre reinforced concrete member subjected to combined compressive and flexttral loads. In adclltion, information was obtained on the tensile stress-strain relationship, the modulus of elasticity in compression, and Polsson's ratio. Interaction diagrams are presented for concretes made with two quick setting cements and fibre contents of 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5 percent by volume. Compressive failures, tensile failure, sad slm~ltaneous compressive-tensile failures were obtained depending on the moment to axial load ratio. A method is presented for determining the tensile stress-straln relationship for a length of beam immediately surrounding a crack. This tensile stress-straln relationship makes possible a computerized post-crack analysis of a fibre reinforced concrete structures. Fibre content, fibre orientation, and type of cement appear to have little effect on Poisson's ratio but do influence the modulus of elasticity and the strength.
4F, 5R. INT.J .ROCK MECH .MIN.SCI .GEOMECH. ABSTR .V12,N5.6, JUNE, 1975, P175 -179 •
Underground excavations See abstract: 1275.
Mines 1238 HENDRICKS,RS HECLA MIN.CO .CASAGRKNDE,ARIZ .USA Decline development at the Lakeshore property.Conference. 2F, 1T. PROC.1ST N.AMER.RAPID EXCAV.TUNNELLING CONF.CHICAGO,JUNE 1972, AIME, V2,1972, P897- 913. The Lakeshore copper property, located in Arizona, is a m~Jor prophyry type deposit. The development layout is described and brief details Of the following are given: drilling; blasting; survey control; ground support; water.
1239
1244 LOUIS, C MASURE,P Geotechnical classification of rocks for underground workings .In French.2R. BULL .BUR .RECH.GEOL.MIN. GEOL. APPL.CHRON .MINEs, SECT. 2, Nl,1975,P84.
REDPATH, JS J .S .R~DPATH LTD .NTH BAY, ONT, CDN Creight~n No 9 shaft - 7,137 feet sunk in one lift. Conference .5F,1R. 1245 PROC .1ST N.AM~.RAPID EXCAV~TUNNELLING CONF.CHICAGO, BAAR, CA JUNE 1972, AIME,V2,1972, P8~3.862. Experiences from the driving of the Tauern Tunnel. The risks involved in sinking a deep shaft, as compsred to Discussion of paper by E.Hackl. Rock Mechanics, Vol.6, an ordinary shaft, based on experience gained in this No 2,1974.6R. pro~ect are considered. The aspects covered include ground ROCK MECH .V7,N2, JUNE, 1975, P121-12~. cc~aditions, water conditions, equlpment, ventilation, sur~eyiug, and safety. 1256 P~,WF 1240 ROBERTS,KC SOMERTON,WH UNIV .CALIF .BERKELEY,USA Developments in trench-type tunnel construction.SOYLEMEZ/3GLU,I}4 N.V.TURKBE SHELL, TR A review.8F. DUDLEY,RC EXXON COMPANY, USA J .CONSTR .DIV .ASCE.VIO1, COl .MAR .1975,P37-49. Effect of stress on permeability of coal.23F,18T,l~R. INT.J .ROCK MECH.MIN.SCI. GEOMECH.ABSTR.VI2 ,N5_6, JUNE. 1247 1975,P129-145. MOHRAZ,B S .METHODIST UNIV .DALLAS,USA H~[DRON, AJ UNIV. ILLINOIS, URBANA, USA 1241 RANKEN, RE UNIV. ILLINOIS, URBANA, USA SAAC,CJ Liner.medium interaction in tunnels.16F,iT,9R. SIMMS, JC J.CONSTR .DIV .ASCE,VI011, C01.MAR .1975,P127-141. ORTLEPP, WD Results fr(~n a number of elsatic finite element solutions The practical application Of rock mechanics in the for determination of forces and deformations in tunnel partial extraction of no.2 shaft pillar at Harmony liners are presented. The ~ffect on forces and deforms, Gold Mining Company Limited. tions in the liner of the properties of the raedium, los= ASS.MINE M3RS, S .AFR.CIRCUIAR, N2,MAY, 1975,2P. ding conditions a~d the extension of the t1~anel lo~itudlnally are exs/~ed. 1242 GORECKI, J ACAD .MIN .METALL.CRACOW, PL 1248 LAMA, RD UNIV .KARLSRUHE, D KUESEL, TR PARSONS, BR INCKmqHOFF, NY, USA Influence of geological and machine parameters on A tale of three tunnels.6F. size of coal.llF,7T,6R. CIV. ENGNG, ASCE, V4~, Nl2, DEC .1974,P50- 55. INT.J .ROCK MECH .MIN.SC I.GEOMECH. ABSTR .ViZ,N7, JULY, This article describes the techniques that were used 1975, F191- 202. to solve t~e problems that arose during the const~-
126A
uction of three underwater tunnels. The cases were: steel shell tube design for the Hor~ Kong Tunnel, the use of the trench method for the 63rd Street Tunnel in New York City and a system of surcharged sand drains for the Second Hampton Roads Tunnel in Virginia.
Power plants See also abstract: 1285. 1249 BEAvIS,FC UNIV.NEW SOUTH WALEB,AUS Engineering geology of D Power Station, Yallourn, Austr alia.llF, 2T, 5R. Q.J.ENGNG GEOL .vS,N2,1975, Pl03-117. Geological investigations for the "D" extension to the Yallourn Power Station and auxiliary works are described. The investigation included field mapping, boring and field and laboratory testing of materials. Brown coal was in important material in the foundations. Auth.
In-situ stresses in ground and stress around underground openings 1250 LOGTERS, G Three-dimensional deformation during superficial tunnel excavations. In Germsn .48F, 3T, 66R. INST .BOD~MECH. FELSMECH. UNIV .FRED~ IC IANA, KARLSRUHE, N59,1974,103P. Displacements occurring around a near-surface tunnel tube during the process of excavation were observed in a transparent gelatin three.dlmensional model. A model law was defined so that the test results could be transferred to the scale of any prototype tunnel. The test results rendered information about the importance of the nc~-vertical components of displacement and of the heave effect below the tunnel. Moreover it could be shown how m~ch the ground displacements are influenced by a variation of the thickness of cover above the tunnel as well as by different tunnelling methods (shield and New Austrian Tunnelling Method). The development of pressures on the tunnel lining close to the face was observed in the model. Relations were derived that allow to calculate the pressures on the lining. By comparison with in-sltu measurement the theoretical values were confirmed. Several e~irical methods for the determiuation of the settlement trough at the surface were corroborated by the test results, while the validity of some new theories on the interpretation of in-situ measurements with regard to ground loosening had t6 be restricted. 1251 ORR, CM NAT .MECH. ENGNG RES. INST, PRETORIA, ZA High horizontal stresses in near surface rock masses. Conference .Session four .Synopsis. 6TH REG.CONF.AFRICA, SOIL MECH.FOUND.ENGNG,DURBAN, SEPT. 1975, S .AFR. INST .CIV. ~GRS. 6P. A brief review of the results of virgin stress determinations conducted in various parts of the world is presented. These results show that, in most cases, up to depths of 800 metres below surface the ~ i t u d e s of the horizontal stresses exceed those of the vertical or overburden stresses. Recent results obtained from stress measurements conducted in various parts of Southern Africa agree well with the general trend. Auth.
Surface subsidence and caving 1252 KWIAT~<, J Field tests on the effect of underground mining on experimental buildings. In Polish. PR. GLOWN. INST .GORN .N620,197~, P3-13 •
Investigations were carried out by the Central Mining Institute (Katowlce) to determine the magnitude of tensile forces in flexible bench-type foundations of buildings erected for the purpose on ground subject to the influence of underground coal mining. The methods used in conducting the tests are described and the results obtained are compared with those obtained theoretically. From the field experiments it was shown that for a ground creep of up to 3n~n/m, for foundation benches situated a/ong the direction of creep, the force distribution along the length of the foundations may be taken as parabolic. Auth. 1253 SAU~q, A The effects of the degree of undermining, the concentration of workings and the rate of advance on the pre-ealculatlon of ground movements ; In German. GLUCKAUF. FORSCHEFTE, V36, N1, FHB. 1975, P16- 26. 1254 BUT~,RA A .A .MATTHEWs,WASHINGTON DC .USA HAMPTON,D HOWARD UNIV.WASHINGTON DO.USA Subsidence over soft ground tunnel .10F,2T,9R. J .GEOTECH. ~ G N G DIV .ASCE,VIO1, GT1, JAN.1975, P35- 50. The existing soil and groundwater conditions and the construction procedures used in advancing a machine-mined tunnel in soft ground are described. Settlement data from an instrumentation program performed during tunnel construction are presented. Data obtained for this tunnel are compared with that published for other soft ground tunnels and from this comparison a mathematical (error) function is applied to approximate the subsidence profile.
Temporary and permanent supports 1255 0RAVECZ, KI COLL. RES. LAB. CHAM.MINES, ZA Loading of coal pillars in bord and pi]lRr workings. Report. 79F, 18T, 120R. CHAMB~q OF MINES OF SOUTH AFRICA,RES.REPORT NO 40-73, OCT .1973,224P. In this report a solution to the problem of predicting the actual load on pillars for use in the design of bord and pillar workings is sought within the framework of the elastic theory. An idealized bord and pillar layout was used to obtain an analytical solution of stress and displacement distributions and this was compared with field data. An analogue technique was used to obtain a solutlcn for practical mining geometries. Extensive field investigations using specially developed techniques of displacement measurement were conducted to assess the reliability of this method. From the results of numerous "analogue runs" a family of design curves was constructed for a rsnge of mining geometries and physical properties. These may be used to determine pillar loads in regular pl]/ar layouts in the case of horizontal or near horizontal stratification. 1256 LOUIS, C PIPAUD, J Teehnolo~ and measurement of modern tunnel supports. In French.5R. BULL. BUR oREOH .GEOL .MIN. GEOL.APPL. CHRON .MINES, SECT. 2. N1,1975, PSi- 85 • 1257 WII~ON, AH NAT.COAL BOARD, BREI~Y, GB Support load requirements on longws]l faces .7F,8R. MIN. E~GR .V134,N6, JUNE,1975, Ph79- 491. A theoretical treatment of the problem has been made by assuming the roof in need of support to be a freed block of the lower roof where shape and size are governed by the manner of caving in the waste. The required support thrusts have been calculated for a variety of conditions. A discussion of the paper by J.D.Kibble, B.N.Whittaker,