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Fourteen more airlines against hunting endangered species
276
Biological Conservation
literally thousands of these insects to the acre; yet a EHRtaCH, P. R. & DAVIDSON,Susan E. (1960). Techniques for capture-recapture studies of Lepidoptera populacomparable but ungrazed site a mile of so away could tions. J. Lepidopterists' Soc., 14, pp. 227-9. only show three of each sex. Absence of Adonis Blues EHRLICH, P. R. & MASON, L. G. (1966). The population (in the presence of Hippocrepis comosa) may be a biology of the butterfly Euphydryas editha. III Selection sign of insufficiently active management, though these and the phenetics of the Jasper Ridge colony. are more sensitive indicators than the Chalkhill Blue. Evolution, 20, pp. 165-73. On the other hand, distribution of the Adonis Blue is FORD, E. B. (1953). The experimental study of evolution. not quite as wide as that of the Chalkhill Blue, so there Rep. 38th Meeting, Australian and New Zealand Assoc. for Advancement of Science, pp. 143-54. may well be some chalkland sites to which the former species has never spread. FRAZER, J. F. D. (1961). Butterfly populations on the North Downs. Proe. S. Lond. Ent. Soc., 1960, pp. 98109. References FRAZER, J. F. D. (1963). The alleged scarcity of British butterflies. Countryside, 19 (New Series), p. 361. BONE, Q. & HARDY,M. G. (1958). Some observations on a polymorphic population of Argynnis paphia (L.) FRAZER,J. F. D. (1965a). Butterflies of chalk grassland: a conservation problem. Proc. 12th Int. Congr. Ent., (Lep. Nymphalidae) in the New Forest. Ent. M. Mag., p. 355. 94, pp. 114-9. BURTON, J. F. (1966). Report on Monarch Butterfly FRAZER,J. F. D. (1965b). The decline of the chalk grass(Danaus plexippus L.) migration experiment, 1965. land butterflies. Animals, 7, pp. 212-5. Entomologist, 99, pp. 193-4. KETTLEWELL, H. B. D. (1955). Selection experiments on CLARKE,L. A. & SHEPPARD, P. M. (1966). A local survey industrial melanism in the Lepidoptera. Heredity, 9, of the distribution of industrial melanic forms in the pp. 323-42. moth Biston betularia and estimates of the selective KETTLEWELL, H. I . D. (1956). Further selection experivalues of these in an industrial environment. Proc. ments on industrial melanism in the Lepidoptera. Roy. Soc., 16513, pp. 424-39. Heredity, 10, pp. 287-301. DETHIER, V. G. (1959). Food plant distribution and RICHARDS, O. W. (1940). The biology of the Small White density and larval dispersal as factors affecting insect Butterfly (Pieris rapae), with special reference to the populations. Canad. Ent., 91, pp. 581-96. factors controlling its abundance. J. Animal Ecol., 9, DETHIER, V. G. & MCARTHUR, R. H. (1964). A field's pp. 243-88. capacity to support a butterfly population. Nature, SATCHELL, J. E. & MOUNTFORD,M. D. (1962). A method London, 201, pp. 728-9. of assessing caterpillar populations on large forest DOWDESWELL,W. H., FISHER,R. A. & FORD,E. B. (1940). trees using a systemic insecticide. Ann. Appl. Biol., 50, The quantitative study of populations in the pp. 443-50. Lepidoptera. Ann. Eugen., 10, pp. 123-36. URQUHART, F. A. (1960). The Monarch Butterfly. University DUFFLe,E. (1968). Ecological studies on the Large Copper of Toronto Press, Toronto: xxiv + 361 pp. Butterfly Lycaena dispar Haw. batavus Oberth. at Woodwalton Fen National Nature Reserve, Hunting- VARLEY, G. C. & GRADWELL,G. R. (1960). Key factors in donshire. J. Appl. Ecol., 5, pp. 69-96. population studies. J. Animal Ecol., 29, pp. 399-401.
Fourteen More Airlines Against Hunting Endangered Species Air France, Kuwait Airways Corporation, Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS), South African Airways, Nigerian Airways, Luxair, Singapore Airlines, L a m Chile, Sterling Airways (Denmark), Linea Aeropostal Venezolana, Malaysian Airline System, Air Canada, U T A (France), and Zambia Airways, have recently given their support to a World Wildlife Fund resolution calling on airlines not to promote hunting of endangered species. This brings the total number of airlines supporting the resolution to 64.*
The World Wildlife Fund resolution was passed in September 1971 by the full Board of the Fund under the Presidency of H R H The Prince of The Netherlands. It called on the airlines and the International Air Transport Association (IATA) 'to accept a commitment for conservation of wildlife and wild nature'. The Executive Council of I A T A commended the resolution to member airlines.
WORLDWILDLIFEFUND,
* See the accounts by Peter F. R. Jackson, Director of Information of WWF, listing the first 50 airlines supporting the resolution, published in Biological Conservation, Vol 4, No. 5, p. 344, October 1972, and Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 44, January 1973.--Ed.
1110 Morges, Switzerland
Biological Conservation
literally thousands of these insects to the acre; yet a EHRtaCH, P. R. & DAVIDSON,Susan E. (1960). Techniques for capture-recapture studies of Lepidoptera populacomparable but ungrazed site a mile of so away could tions. J. Lepidopterists' Soc., 14, pp. 227-9. only show three of each sex. Absence of Adonis Blues EHRLICH, P. R. & MASON, L. G. (1966). The population (in the presence of Hippocrepis comosa) may be a biology of the butterfly Euphydryas editha. III Selection sign of insufficiently active management, though these and the phenetics of the Jasper Ridge colony. are more sensitive indicators than the Chalkhill Blue. Evolution, 20, pp. 165-73. On the other hand, distribution of the Adonis Blue is FORD, E. B. (1953). The experimental study of evolution. not quite as wide as that of the Chalkhill Blue, so there Rep. 38th Meeting, Australian and New Zealand Assoc. for Advancement of Science, pp. 143-54. may well be some chalkland sites to which the former species has never spread. FRAZER, J. F. D. (1961). Butterfly populations on the North Downs. Proe. S. Lond. Ent. Soc., 1960, pp. 98109. References FRAZER, J. F. D. (1963). The alleged scarcity of British butterflies. Countryside, 19 (New Series), p. 361. BONE, Q. & HARDY,M. G. (1958). Some observations on a polymorphic population of Argynnis paphia (L.) FRAZER,J. F. D. (1965a). Butterflies of chalk grassland: a conservation problem. Proc. 12th Int. Congr. Ent., (Lep. Nymphalidae) in the New Forest. Ent. M. Mag., p. 355. 94, pp. 114-9. BURTON, J. F. (1966). Report on Monarch Butterfly FRAZER,J. F. D. (1965b). The decline of the chalk grass(Danaus plexippus L.) migration experiment, 1965. land butterflies. Animals, 7, pp. 212-5. Entomologist, 99, pp. 193-4. KETTLEWELL, H. B. D. (1955). Selection experiments on CLARKE,L. A. & SHEPPARD, P. M. (1966). A local survey industrial melanism in the Lepidoptera. Heredity, 9, of the distribution of industrial melanic forms in the pp. 323-42. moth Biston betularia and estimates of the selective KETTLEWELL, H. I . D. (1956). Further selection experivalues of these in an industrial environment. Proc. ments on industrial melanism in the Lepidoptera. Roy. Soc., 16513, pp. 424-39. Heredity, 10, pp. 287-301. DETHIER, V. G. (1959). Food plant distribution and RICHARDS, O. W. (1940). The biology of the Small White density and larval dispersal as factors affecting insect Butterfly (Pieris rapae), with special reference to the populations. Canad. Ent., 91, pp. 581-96. factors controlling its abundance. J. Animal Ecol., 9, DETHIER, V. G. & MCARTHUR, R. H. (1964). A field's pp. 243-88. capacity to support a butterfly population. Nature, SATCHELL, J. E. & MOUNTFORD,M. D. (1962). A method London, 201, pp. 728-9. of assessing caterpillar populations on large forest DOWDESWELL,W. H., FISHER,R. A. & FORD,E. B. (1940). trees using a systemic insecticide. Ann. Appl. Biol., 50, The quantitative study of populations in the pp. 443-50. Lepidoptera. Ann. Eugen., 10, pp. 123-36. URQUHART, F. A. (1960). The Monarch Butterfly. University DUFFLe,E. (1968). Ecological studies on the Large Copper of Toronto Press, Toronto: xxiv + 361 pp. Butterfly Lycaena dispar Haw. batavus Oberth. at Woodwalton Fen National Nature Reserve, Hunting- VARLEY, G. C. & GRADWELL,G. R. (1960). Key factors in donshire. J. Appl. Ecol., 5, pp. 69-96. population studies. J. Animal Ecol., 29, pp. 399-401.
Fourteen More Airlines Against Hunting Endangered Species Air France, Kuwait Airways Corporation, Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS), South African Airways, Nigerian Airways, Luxair, Singapore Airlines, L a m Chile, Sterling Airways (Denmark), Linea Aeropostal Venezolana, Malaysian Airline System, Air Canada, U T A (France), and Zambia Airways, have recently given their support to a World Wildlife Fund resolution calling on airlines not to promote hunting of endangered species. This brings the total number of airlines supporting the resolution to 64.*
The World Wildlife Fund resolution was passed in September 1971 by the full Board of the Fund under the Presidency of H R H The Prince of The Netherlands. It called on the airlines and the International Air Transport Association (IATA) 'to accept a commitment for conservation of wildlife and wild nature'. The Executive Council of I A T A commended the resolution to member airlines.
WORLDWILDLIFEFUND,
* See the accounts by Peter F. R. Jackson, Director of Information of WWF, listing the first 50 airlines supporting the resolution, published in Biological Conservation, Vol 4, No. 5, p. 344, October 1972, and Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 44, January 1973.--Ed.
1110 Morges, Switzerland