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Fragrance material review on dihydrocarveol (R,R,R)
Food and Chemical Toxicology 46 (2008) S121–S122
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Food and Chemical Toxicology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchemtox
Fragrance material review on dihydrocarveol (R,R,R) S.P. Bhatia *, C.S. Letizia, A.M. Api Research Institute for Fragrance Materials Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Keywords: Review Fragrance material Dihydrocarveol (R,R,R)
a b s t r a c t A toxicologic and dermatologic review of dihydrocarveol (R,R,R) when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. Ó 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Introduction
3. Usage
In 2006, a complete literature search was conducted on dihydrocarveol (RRR). On-line databases that were surveyed included Chemical Abstract Services and the National Library of Medicine. In addition, fragrance companies were asked to submit pertinent test data. All relevant references are included in this document. More details have been provided for unpublished data. Any papers in which the vehicles and/or the doses are not given have not been included in this review. The number of animals, sex, and strain are always provided unless they are not given in the original report or paper. This individual Fragrance Material Review is not intended as a stand alone document. Please refer to the Toxicologic and Dermatologic Assessment of Cyclic and Non-Cyclic Terpene Alcohols When Used as Fragrance Ingredients (Belsito et al., 2008) for an overall assessment of this material.
Dihydrocarveol (RRR) is a fragrance ingredient used in decorative cosmetics, fine fragrances, shampoos, toilet soaps and other toiletries as well as in non-cosmetic products such as household cleaners and detergents. Its use worldwide is in the region of <0.01 metric tonnes per annum (IFRA, 2004). The maximum skin level that results from the use of dihydrocarveol (RRR) in formulae that go into fine fragrances has not been reported. A default value of 0.02% is used, assuming use of the fragrance oil at levels up to 20% in the final product. The 97.5 percentile use level in formulae for use in cosmetics in general has not been reported. As such the default value of 0.02% is used to calculate the maximum daily exposure on the skin of 0.0005 mg/kg for high end users of these products (see Table 1).
1. Identification (Fig. 1) 4. Toxicology data 1.1 Synonyms: Cyclohexanol, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-, (1alpha,2beta,5alpha)-; (1alpha,2beta,5alpha)-2-methyl-5(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexan-1-ol. 1.2 CAS Registry Number: 38049-26-2. 1.3 EINECS Number: 253-755-5. 1.4 Formula: C10H18O. 1.5 Molecular weight: 154.53.
No data available on this material. This individual Fragrance Material Review is not intended as a stand alone document. Please refer to the Toxicologic and Dermatologic Assessment of Cyclic and Non-Cyclic Terpene Alcohols When Used as Fragrance Ingredients (Belsito et al., 2008) for an overall assessment of this material.
2. Physical properties 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
Log Kow (calculated): 3.37. Henry’s law (calculated): 0.0000134 atm m3/mol 25 °C. Vapor pressure (calculated): 0.0159 mm Hg 25 °C. Water solubility (calculated): 426.5 mg/l @ 25 °C.
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 201 689 8089; fax: +1 201 689 8070. E-mail address: [email protected] (S.P. Bhatia). 0278-6915/$ - see front matter Ó 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.06.041
Conflict of interest statement This research was supported by the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, an independent research institute that is funded by the manufacturers of fragrances and consumer products containing fragrances. The authors are all employees of the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials.
S122
S.P. Bhatia et al. / Food and Chemical Toxicology 46 (2008) S121–S122
References Belsito, D., Bickers, D., Bruze, M., Calow, P., Greim, H., Hanifin, J.H., Rogers, A.E., Saurat, J.H., Sipes, I.G., Tagami, H., 2008. A toxicologic and dermatologic assessment of cyclic and non cyclic terpene alcohols when used as fragrance ingredients. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46 (11S), S1–S71. IFRA (International Fragrance Association), 2004. Use Level Survey, September 2004.
Fig. 1. Dihydrocarveol (R,R,R).
Table 1 Calculation of the total human skin exposure from the use of multiple cosmetic products containing dihydrocarveol (RRR) Type of cosmetic product
Grams Applications Retention Mixture/ Ingredient/ Ingredient applied per day factor product mixturea mg/kg/ dayb
Body lotion Face cream Eau de toilette Fragrance cream Antiperspirant Shampoo Bath products Shower gel Toilet soap Hair spray
8.00 0.80 0.75 5.00
0.71 2.00 1.00 0.29
1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
0.004 0.003 0.080 0.040
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
0.0001 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002
0.50 8.00 17.00 5.00 0.80 5.00
1.00 1.00 0.29 1.07 6.00 2.00
1.000 0.010 0.001 0.010 0.010 0.010
0.010 0.005 0.020 0.012 0.015 0.005
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Total a
0.0005
Upper 97.5 percentile levels of the fragrance ingredient in the fragrance mixture used in these products. b Based on a 60-kg adult.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Food and Chemical Toxicology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchemtox
Fragrance material review on dihydrocarveol (R,R,R) S.P. Bhatia *, C.S. Letizia, A.M. Api Research Institute for Fragrance Materials Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Keywords: Review Fragrance material Dihydrocarveol (R,R,R)
a b s t r a c t A toxicologic and dermatologic review of dihydrocarveol (R,R,R) when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. Ó 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Introduction
3. Usage
In 2006, a complete literature search was conducted on dihydrocarveol (RRR). On-line databases that were surveyed included Chemical Abstract Services and the National Library of Medicine. In addition, fragrance companies were asked to submit pertinent test data. All relevant references are included in this document. More details have been provided for unpublished data. Any papers in which the vehicles and/or the doses are not given have not been included in this review. The number of animals, sex, and strain are always provided unless they are not given in the original report or paper. This individual Fragrance Material Review is not intended as a stand alone document. Please refer to the Toxicologic and Dermatologic Assessment of Cyclic and Non-Cyclic Terpene Alcohols When Used as Fragrance Ingredients (Belsito et al., 2008) for an overall assessment of this material.
Dihydrocarveol (RRR) is a fragrance ingredient used in decorative cosmetics, fine fragrances, shampoos, toilet soaps and other toiletries as well as in non-cosmetic products such as household cleaners and detergents. Its use worldwide is in the region of <0.01 metric tonnes per annum (IFRA, 2004). The maximum skin level that results from the use of dihydrocarveol (RRR) in formulae that go into fine fragrances has not been reported. A default value of 0.02% is used, assuming use of the fragrance oil at levels up to 20% in the final product. The 97.5 percentile use level in formulae for use in cosmetics in general has not been reported. As such the default value of 0.02% is used to calculate the maximum daily exposure on the skin of 0.0005 mg/kg for high end users of these products (see Table 1).
1. Identification (Fig. 1) 4. Toxicology data 1.1 Synonyms: Cyclohexanol, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-, (1alpha,2beta,5alpha)-; (1alpha,2beta,5alpha)-2-methyl-5(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexan-1-ol. 1.2 CAS Registry Number: 38049-26-2. 1.3 EINECS Number: 253-755-5. 1.4 Formula: C10H18O. 1.5 Molecular weight: 154.53.
No data available on this material. This individual Fragrance Material Review is not intended as a stand alone document. Please refer to the Toxicologic and Dermatologic Assessment of Cyclic and Non-Cyclic Terpene Alcohols When Used as Fragrance Ingredients (Belsito et al., 2008) for an overall assessment of this material.
2. Physical properties 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
Log Kow (calculated): 3.37. Henry’s law (calculated): 0.0000134 atm m3/mol 25 °C. Vapor pressure (calculated): 0.0159 mm Hg 25 °C. Water solubility (calculated): 426.5 mg/l @ 25 °C.
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 201 689 8089; fax: +1 201 689 8070. E-mail address: [email protected] (S.P. Bhatia). 0278-6915/$ - see front matter Ó 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.06.041
Conflict of interest statement This research was supported by the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, an independent research institute that is funded by the manufacturers of fragrances and consumer products containing fragrances. The authors are all employees of the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials.
S122
S.P. Bhatia et al. / Food and Chemical Toxicology 46 (2008) S121–S122
References Belsito, D., Bickers, D., Bruze, M., Calow, P., Greim, H., Hanifin, J.H., Rogers, A.E., Saurat, J.H., Sipes, I.G., Tagami, H., 2008. A toxicologic and dermatologic assessment of cyclic and non cyclic terpene alcohols when used as fragrance ingredients. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46 (11S), S1–S71. IFRA (International Fragrance Association), 2004. Use Level Survey, September 2004.
Fig. 1. Dihydrocarveol (R,R,R).
Table 1 Calculation of the total human skin exposure from the use of multiple cosmetic products containing dihydrocarveol (RRR) Type of cosmetic product
Grams Applications Retention Mixture/ Ingredient/ Ingredient applied per day factor product mixturea mg/kg/ dayb
Body lotion Face cream Eau de toilette Fragrance cream Antiperspirant Shampoo Bath products Shower gel Toilet soap Hair spray
8.00 0.80 0.75 5.00
0.71 2.00 1.00 0.29
1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
0.004 0.003 0.080 0.040
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
0.0001 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002
0.50 8.00 17.00 5.00 0.80 5.00
1.00 1.00 0.29 1.07 6.00 2.00
1.000 0.010 0.001 0.010 0.010 0.010
0.010 0.005 0.020 0.012 0.015 0.005
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Total a
0.0005
Upper 97.5 percentile levels of the fragrance ingredient in the fragrance mixture used in these products. b Based on a 60-kg adult.