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Freeze-dryer and spectrometer
Vacuum news Freeze-dryer and spectrometer
Leybold-Heraeus have recently introduced the GT 001 Freeze-dryer for histological studies and the GISECA vacuum spectrometer designed for the analysis of far-ultra violet and soft x-ray spectra. The GT 001 is particularly designed for the drying of small sections of tissue. The central feature is the Peltier elements with a high capacity for heating and cooling for the smallest surface areas. Two such elements are employed in cascade or in tandem connection giving a range of element temperatures of -60 to +90X. Tissue preparations may be cooled to --70°C during drying. The drying chamber is a plexiglass bell jar evacuated by a two-stage gas-ballast pump. Controls allow continuous variation of temperature at the top of the Peltier element and in most cases freeze drying is completed in 12 to 18 hours. The GISECA (grazing incidence spectrometer with easy change of angle) is a novel research instrument developed by the Nuclear Research Centre at Jiilich for the spectral analysis of radiation in the wave length region of approximately 10 to 1000 A. The angle of incidence is continuously variable, permitting adaptation of the optical setting in a grazing incidence grating spectrometer to the requirements of luminosity and spectral purity at each desired wave length. In conventional spectrometers variation of the incidence angle necessitates realignment of the optical system involving displacement between the light source and the spectrometer. The GISECA is believed to be the first instrument with the variable incidence angle facility. The vacuum chamber is constructed in non-magnetic materials and is evacuated by a Leybold-Heraeus high vacuum pumping system. The GISECA vacuum spectrometer is recommended for short wave ultra violet radiation research in astrophysics, solid state physics, plasma physics, metallurgical analysis etc.
Leybold-Heraeus Ltd, UK Circle number 46 on Reader Enquiry Service card
Freeze-dryer
plant CT001
Peltier element
with metal cover
200 kV Electron microscope
Marubeni-Iida Company Limited now market the Hitachi HU-200E electron microscope providing accelerating voltages from 50 kV to 200 kV in seven steps and a guaranteed resolution of 4.2 A. The floor space requirements for the new instrument are similar to the standard 100 kV instrument. Ease of cleaning and stable performance are assured by means of a single stage accelerator electron gun and replacement of the filament is achieved with the minimum of time by means of a gun airlock, while the column is kept under continuous high vacuum conditions. The vacuum system as in other Hitachi instruments is a bakeable, all stainless steel construction affording pressures of 1O-B torr. An anti-contamination device is fitted inside the unusually large stainless steel pumping line at a rear entrance to the specimen chamber. There is also a supplementary cold surface which can be used either for cold stage operations or for extra anti-contamination effects. Click stop magnification from 1000 to 200.000 is read out-on an illuminated indicator. Right and left hand panel controls provide electromagnetic alignment of electron and condenser. Electromagnetic stigmators are provided for condenser and objective lens. 200 kV electron microscope
Photographic
recorder of the GISECA
Photoelectric
recorder of the GISECA
A novel “iron free” electromagnetic beam tilt device is available for use in dark field microscopy, having the advantage of instantaneous switching between one degree and two degrees (at 200 kV) with complete reproducibility. A push button, motor driven photographic plate advance system is employed and exposed plates can be withdrawn at any time via the airlock. Accessories for heating, cooling and tilting of the specimen, as used on the Hitachi 1OOkV instrument, may also be used on the HU-2OOE. Marubeoi-Iida Company Limited, UK Circle number 47 on Reader Enquiry Service card Gauge calibration system
Varian Associates, USA, have introduced a new vacuum gauge calibration system capable of accurate measurements down to 5 x lo-l1 torr. Ultimate pressures better than 5 x 1012torr are achieved by means of an oil-free VacIon pump. Accuracy is based on physical dimensions traceable to the National Bureau of Standards. The complete system consists of a VacIon pump vacuum system with roughing by VacSorb pumps, a separately pumped flow-divider network and an adjustable constant pressure flow meter. The gauge calibration chamber is separated from the pumping
Leybold-Heraeus have recently introduced the GT 001 Freeze-dryer for histological studies and the GISECA vacuum spectrometer designed for the analysis of far-ultra violet and soft x-ray spectra. The GT 001 is particularly designed for the drying of small sections of tissue. The central feature is the Peltier elements with a high capacity for heating and cooling for the smallest surface areas. Two such elements are employed in cascade or in tandem connection giving a range of element temperatures of -60 to +90X. Tissue preparations may be cooled to --70°C during drying. The drying chamber is a plexiglass bell jar evacuated by a two-stage gas-ballast pump. Controls allow continuous variation of temperature at the top of the Peltier element and in most cases freeze drying is completed in 12 to 18 hours. The GISECA (grazing incidence spectrometer with easy change of angle) is a novel research instrument developed by the Nuclear Research Centre at Jiilich for the spectral analysis of radiation in the wave length region of approximately 10 to 1000 A. The angle of incidence is continuously variable, permitting adaptation of the optical setting in a grazing incidence grating spectrometer to the requirements of luminosity and spectral purity at each desired wave length. In conventional spectrometers variation of the incidence angle necessitates realignment of the optical system involving displacement between the light source and the spectrometer. The GISECA is believed to be the first instrument with the variable incidence angle facility. The vacuum chamber is constructed in non-magnetic materials and is evacuated by a Leybold-Heraeus high vacuum pumping system. The GISECA vacuum spectrometer is recommended for short wave ultra violet radiation research in astrophysics, solid state physics, plasma physics, metallurgical analysis etc.
Leybold-Heraeus Ltd, UK Circle number 46 on Reader Enquiry Service card
Freeze-dryer
plant CT001
Peltier element
with metal cover
200 kV Electron microscope
Marubeni-Iida Company Limited now market the Hitachi HU-200E electron microscope providing accelerating voltages from 50 kV to 200 kV in seven steps and a guaranteed resolution of 4.2 A. The floor space requirements for the new instrument are similar to the standard 100 kV instrument. Ease of cleaning and stable performance are assured by means of a single stage accelerator electron gun and replacement of the filament is achieved with the minimum of time by means of a gun airlock, while the column is kept under continuous high vacuum conditions. The vacuum system as in other Hitachi instruments is a bakeable, all stainless steel construction affording pressures of 1O-B torr. An anti-contamination device is fitted inside the unusually large stainless steel pumping line at a rear entrance to the specimen chamber. There is also a supplementary cold surface which can be used either for cold stage operations or for extra anti-contamination effects. Click stop magnification from 1000 to 200.000 is read out-on an illuminated indicator. Right and left hand panel controls provide electromagnetic alignment of electron and condenser. Electromagnetic stigmators are provided for condenser and objective lens. 200 kV electron microscope
Photographic
recorder of the GISECA
Photoelectric
recorder of the GISECA
A novel “iron free” electromagnetic beam tilt device is available for use in dark field microscopy, having the advantage of instantaneous switching between one degree and two degrees (at 200 kV) with complete reproducibility. A push button, motor driven photographic plate advance system is employed and exposed plates can be withdrawn at any time via the airlock. Accessories for heating, cooling and tilting of the specimen, as used on the Hitachi 1OOkV instrument, may also be used on the HU-2OOE. Marubeoi-Iida Company Limited, UK Circle number 47 on Reader Enquiry Service card Gauge calibration system
Varian Associates, USA, have introduced a new vacuum gauge calibration system capable of accurate measurements down to 5 x lo-l1 torr. Ultimate pressures better than 5 x 1012torr are achieved by means of an oil-free VacIon pump. Accuracy is based on physical dimensions traceable to the National Bureau of Standards. The complete system consists of a VacIon pump vacuum system with roughing by VacSorb pumps, a separately pumped flow-divider network and an adjustable constant pressure flow meter. The gauge calibration chamber is separated from the pumping