- Email: [email protected]
Frequency of sterigmatocystin (STC) and 5-methoxysterigmatocystin (5-MET-STC)-producing airborne Aspergilli from flooded and unflooded area in Croatia
S210
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 280S (2017) S202–S213
S-transferase (GST)) and levels of the neurotoxic biomarker acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were evaluated. Samples were collected during autumn 2014 in three contrasting sites regarding their levels of pollution: a reference site (in the Bay of Bizerte), Chaara (in the northern sector of the lagoon, influenced by several industrial activities) and Menzel Bourguiba (in the southern sector, influenced by continental waters). After collection, sea urchins were immediately transferred to the laboratory and the gonads were separated, weighed and prepared for analysis. Relative to the control site, high levels of LPO was found in the gonad tissues of P. lividus collected from Chaara and Menzel Bourguiba indicating the induction of oxidative stress. The activities of antioxidant enzymes like CAT, GPx and GST increased significantly in P. lividus from Chaara and Menzel Bourguiba, whereas AChE activity was significantly higher in Menzel Bourguiba specimens compared to reference site. Measurements of oxidative stress biomarkers and AChE activity in P. lividus revealed differences between the sites in relation to their pollution state confirming previous reports. It was determined that Chaara was the most contaminated site due to their proximity to different pollution sources. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.576 P-06-01-26 Frequency of sterigmatocystin (STC) and 5-methoxysterigmatocystin (5-MET-STC)-producing airborne Aspergilli from flooded and unflooded area in Croatia Daniela Jakˇsic´ Despot 1 , Miranda Sertic´ 2 , Ana Mornar Turk 2 , ˇ Domagoj Kifer 3 , Biljana Nigovic´ 2 , Maja Segvi c´ Klaric´ 1 1
Department of Microbiology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia 3 Department of Biophysics, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
STC-producing Aspergilli, frequently airborne in damp dwellings, could contribute to STC intake by inhalation. In addition, 5-METSTC could be produced simultaneously resulting with alternating toxic effects. The purpose of this study was to compare STC/5-MET-STC producing abilities of airborne Aspergilli (sect. Versicolores) collected in September 2016 from flooded village (5 repaired/5 unrepaired houses and a school) and unflooded control village (5 houses and a school) in Croatia. STC and 5-MET-STC detection were performed by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS/MS gradient method. STC-producing Aspergilli were more frequent in flooded village compared to control village (40–100%; 702 ± 975 CFU/m3 ). They were isolated from 2/5 unrepaired houses, 5/5 repaired houses and in school from the flooded area, while in the control village they were present in 1/5 houses. STC/5-MET-STC producing abilities were similar for all the isolates (N = 14) despite the location. 10/14 isolates produced both STC and 5-MET-STC (1.97 ± 1.05 g/mg and 5.06 ± 2.90 g/mg, respectively) while 2/14 produced only STC (4.48 ± 2.56 g/mg) and 1/14 only 5-MET-STC (6.05 g/mg). Significantly higher concentrations of STC/5-MET-STCproducing airborne Aspergilli in flooded houses suggest increased health risk due to expected STC/5-MET-STC content in inhalable airborne particles. Health effects due to the co-occurrence of STC and 5-MET-STC should be further explored.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.577 P-06-01-27 Assessment of nanoscale zero-valent iron toxicity towards several bacterial species by specific marker of oxidative stress monitoring Jaroslav Semerád 1,2 , Tomáˇs Cajthaml 1,2 1 Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic 2 Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is a newly developed nanomaterial used in remediation technologies. As a result of its very high efficiency in degradation of various inorganic and organic pollutants, the worldwide application of nZVI is rapidly increasing. These iron nanoparticles are being introduced in high amounts (up to 20 g/L) to the environment even though their toxicity has not yet been properly investigated. The presented study includes a novel approach for toxicity determination of nZVI and for monitoring of its impact on 6 bacterial species (typical representatives of exposed organisms). The assay is based on oxidative stress marker formation in bacterial cultures after short term exposition to nanoparticles. The monitored marker is one of the most common toxic and mutagenic products of lipid peroxidation/degradation – malondialdehyde. During the toxicity testing of iron nanomaterials the bacterial cultures were extracted after exposition to nZVI and then malondialdehyde in the extract was derivatized. Determination and quantification of the derivatised marker were performed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The results show high variability in specific toxicity towards the bacteria species even in the same genus. There was not a significant difference in toxicity between Gram positive and negative bacteria, but the production of malondialdehyde shows great dependence on bacterial size (i.e. surface). The results of this study show that the specific oxidative stress marker analysis enables determination and comparison of toxicity of nZVI and its derived nanomaterials on bacteria species before their direct use in the environment. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.578 P-06-01-28 TiO2 -carbon nanotubes nanohybrid toxicity in Danio rerio embryo Gabriela Silva 1,2,3 , Zaira Clemente 3,2 , Francine Coa 2 , Lais Neto 2 , Vera Castro 3 , Diego Martinez 2,1 , Regina Monteiro 1 1
Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Piracicaba, Brazil Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil 3 Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Jaguariuna, Brazil 2
Recent findings indicate that the combination of titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) with carbon nanotubes (CNT) increase the photocatalytic efficiency. Due to the importance of these new technologies, the production of such particles has been encouraged. However, concerns about their toxicity and safety when released into the environment are considerable. Therefore, to understand the role of TiO2 -MWCNT in the environment, our gold was to synthesize TiO2 -MWCNT nanomaterial, by mechanical mixing method,
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 280S (2017) S202–S213
S-transferase (GST)) and levels of the neurotoxic biomarker acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were evaluated. Samples were collected during autumn 2014 in three contrasting sites regarding their levels of pollution: a reference site (in the Bay of Bizerte), Chaara (in the northern sector of the lagoon, influenced by several industrial activities) and Menzel Bourguiba (in the southern sector, influenced by continental waters). After collection, sea urchins were immediately transferred to the laboratory and the gonads were separated, weighed and prepared for analysis. Relative to the control site, high levels of LPO was found in the gonad tissues of P. lividus collected from Chaara and Menzel Bourguiba indicating the induction of oxidative stress. The activities of antioxidant enzymes like CAT, GPx and GST increased significantly in P. lividus from Chaara and Menzel Bourguiba, whereas AChE activity was significantly higher in Menzel Bourguiba specimens compared to reference site. Measurements of oxidative stress biomarkers and AChE activity in P. lividus revealed differences between the sites in relation to their pollution state confirming previous reports. It was determined that Chaara was the most contaminated site due to their proximity to different pollution sources. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.576 P-06-01-26 Frequency of sterigmatocystin (STC) and 5-methoxysterigmatocystin (5-MET-STC)-producing airborne Aspergilli from flooded and unflooded area in Croatia Daniela Jakˇsic´ Despot 1 , Miranda Sertic´ 2 , Ana Mornar Turk 2 , ˇ Domagoj Kifer 3 , Biljana Nigovic´ 2 , Maja Segvi c´ Klaric´ 1 1
Department of Microbiology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia 3 Department of Biophysics, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
STC-producing Aspergilli, frequently airborne in damp dwellings, could contribute to STC intake by inhalation. In addition, 5-METSTC could be produced simultaneously resulting with alternating toxic effects. The purpose of this study was to compare STC/5-MET-STC producing abilities of airborne Aspergilli (sect. Versicolores) collected in September 2016 from flooded village (5 repaired/5 unrepaired houses and a school) and unflooded control village (5 houses and a school) in Croatia. STC and 5-MET-STC detection were performed by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS/MS gradient method. STC-producing Aspergilli were more frequent in flooded village compared to control village (40–100%; 702 ± 975 CFU/m3 ). They were isolated from 2/5 unrepaired houses, 5/5 repaired houses and in school from the flooded area, while in the control village they were present in 1/5 houses. STC/5-MET-STC producing abilities were similar for all the isolates (N = 14) despite the location. 10/14 isolates produced both STC and 5-MET-STC (1.97 ± 1.05 g/mg and 5.06 ± 2.90 g/mg, respectively) while 2/14 produced only STC (4.48 ± 2.56 g/mg) and 1/14 only 5-MET-STC (6.05 g/mg). Significantly higher concentrations of STC/5-MET-STCproducing airborne Aspergilli in flooded houses suggest increased health risk due to expected STC/5-MET-STC content in inhalable airborne particles. Health effects due to the co-occurrence of STC and 5-MET-STC should be further explored.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.577 P-06-01-27 Assessment of nanoscale zero-valent iron toxicity towards several bacterial species by specific marker of oxidative stress monitoring Jaroslav Semerád 1,2 , Tomáˇs Cajthaml 1,2 1 Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic 2 Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is a newly developed nanomaterial used in remediation technologies. As a result of its very high efficiency in degradation of various inorganic and organic pollutants, the worldwide application of nZVI is rapidly increasing. These iron nanoparticles are being introduced in high amounts (up to 20 g/L) to the environment even though their toxicity has not yet been properly investigated. The presented study includes a novel approach for toxicity determination of nZVI and for monitoring of its impact on 6 bacterial species (typical representatives of exposed organisms). The assay is based on oxidative stress marker formation in bacterial cultures after short term exposition to nanoparticles. The monitored marker is one of the most common toxic and mutagenic products of lipid peroxidation/degradation – malondialdehyde. During the toxicity testing of iron nanomaterials the bacterial cultures were extracted after exposition to nZVI and then malondialdehyde in the extract was derivatized. Determination and quantification of the derivatised marker were performed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The results show high variability in specific toxicity towards the bacteria species even in the same genus. There was not a significant difference in toxicity between Gram positive and negative bacteria, but the production of malondialdehyde shows great dependence on bacterial size (i.e. surface). The results of this study show that the specific oxidative stress marker analysis enables determination and comparison of toxicity of nZVI and its derived nanomaterials on bacteria species before their direct use in the environment. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.578 P-06-01-28 TiO2 -carbon nanotubes nanohybrid toxicity in Danio rerio embryo Gabriela Silva 1,2,3 , Zaira Clemente 3,2 , Francine Coa 2 , Lais Neto 2 , Vera Castro 3 , Diego Martinez 2,1 , Regina Monteiro 1 1
Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Piracicaba, Brazil Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil 3 Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Jaguariuna, Brazil 2
Recent findings indicate that the combination of titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) with carbon nanotubes (CNT) increase the photocatalytic efficiency. Due to the importance of these new technologies, the production of such particles has been encouraged. However, concerns about their toxicity and safety when released into the environment are considerable. Therefore, to understand the role of TiO2 -MWCNT in the environment, our gold was to synthesize TiO2 -MWCNT nanomaterial, by mechanical mixing method,