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Friction in vacuum
372
SYSTEMATIC
weak surface active and corrosive agressive media is demonstrated: the effect in corrosive media is associated with the presence of surface ac ive components. Characteristic Tool for the tion. J. C. Riviere, 85. 91 ; 8 figs.,
Auger Electron Emission as a Analysis of Surface ComposiPhys. Bull., 16 refs.
20 (March) (1969)
Friction in Vacuum. C. JZ. Lyubarskii, V. F. Udovenko, N. K. Fedorkov and A. A. Guslyskov, Soviet ~Watrr. Sci., 3 (2) (1967) I.+z-I~~; 4 figs., 6 rcfs. (Translation by the Faraday Press, New York, of I;iz.-Khim. Mekhm. Mater., 3 (2) (1967) 19-j-200.)
The effect of the degree of vacuum on the friction of steel was studied. Changes in residual gas composition and heat transfer conditions by changes in residual pressure as well as time produced changes in the wear and friction characteristics. Application of a Dilatometric Method for Investigating Processes Taking Place during Friction between Metal Surfaces. I,. 17. Kolesnichenko and G. S. Terekhin, Soviet M&v. Sci., 3 (4) (1967) 348-350; 2 figs., 18rcfs. (Translation by the Faraday Press, New York, of Fiz.-Khinz. Mekhaa. Mater., 3 (4) (1967) 174-477.)
Experiments are described in which a classical dilatometric method was used to measure the deformation of aluminium specimens during annealing in air after friction tests. From the results the average dislocation density indicates that friction induced deformation of metal surface layers products a dislocation density of the same order of magnitude as that produced by maximum deformation applied to the bulk of the metal specimen. dislocation density on the surface layers may bc higher as oxide films formed during friction retard the movement of dislocations. Influence of Surface Preparation on Boundary Friction for a Ni-Cr-Fe Alloy. T,. 1’. Solos, Lubrication Eng., 2.5 (I) (1969) ~5~. JO; 9 figs., i table, 7 refs. The effect of various methods of surface preparation on boundary friction were studied using a crossed cylinder machine. After an initial wearing-in phase the type of surface preparation (in the range 3-25 p-in. c 1.a.) was found to have little effect on the frictional coefficient and electrical resistance under boundary conditions. Surface preparation had a great effect on wear resistance and surface damage: a bead blasted surface was the most effective base for boundary lubriWeav, 13 (1969) 371~379
ABSTRACTS
OF CURRENT
cation and wearability electrical resistance.
LITERATURE
without
increasing
Influence of Surface Friction by Ultra-sonic Vibration and Examples of Technical Application. F. Lehfeldt, T’DI-Z., III (7) (1909) 4~9~~474; 0 figs. , 20 refs. I‘nder certain conditions the friction between two surfaces can be reduced considerably by sound vibrations. This phenomenon will be most effective if the acoustical coupling between the frictionpartners is low and if the speed of friction process remains small compared with the amplitude of the acoustic velocity. In this case a vibrational motion between the two surfaces will bc active The influence of sound vibrations on friction can be of benefit for many technical processes not only in the field of plastic deformation but also in the field of cutting metals. The Friction Behaviour of the Free-rolling Sphere. .\. May, l:I)I-Z., IIT (8) (1909) 5.35. Thesis abstract (in German).
3. 1,UBIIICATlON
ANI) I.I’Bl
Lubrication in the Hot Rolling of Aluminium Alloys. G. F. Frontini and R. D. Guminski, Lubvication Etzg., 25 (2) (1969) 60-68; 13 figs. ,5 refs. A study of the mechanism of metal transfer between aluminium and a steel roll. The dcvelopment of laboratory equipment to study the mechanism of hot-rolling lubrication is described. .L\theory is presented explaining the influence of the physical and chemical properties of oil in water emulsions on metal transfer. The formation of surface defects during hot rolling and their prevention are explained in terms of lubricant formulation and method of application. Mist Lubrication. Ii. (;. Hcnrikson. Lubvicatiovz Esg., 25 (2) (1909) 69-74; I fig., 4 tables, I ref. The benefits of mist lubrication are listed. The properties of the oil and air required arc cliscussed. Operating notes are included. Modern Lubricants for Paper Mills. D. J. Fraser, I;ubvication Eng., 2.5 (2) (1969) 75-81 ; IO figs.. The paper reviews observations compiled from many years of field service work and the evaluation of the performance of lubricants in paper-making machinery. The requircments and development of modern lubricants arc discussed.
SYSTEMATIC
weak surface active and corrosive agressive media is demonstrated: the effect in corrosive media is associated with the presence of surface ac ive components. Characteristic Tool for the tion. J. C. Riviere, 85. 91 ; 8 figs.,
Auger Electron Emission as a Analysis of Surface ComposiPhys. Bull., 16 refs.
20 (March) (1969)
Friction in Vacuum. C. JZ. Lyubarskii, V. F. Udovenko, N. K. Fedorkov and A. A. Guslyskov, Soviet ~Watrr. Sci., 3 (2) (1967) I.+z-I~~; 4 figs., 6 rcfs. (Translation by the Faraday Press, New York, of I;iz.-Khim. Mekhm. Mater., 3 (2) (1967) 19-j-200.)
The effect of the degree of vacuum on the friction of steel was studied. Changes in residual gas composition and heat transfer conditions by changes in residual pressure as well as time produced changes in the wear and friction characteristics. Application of a Dilatometric Method for Investigating Processes Taking Place during Friction between Metal Surfaces. I,. 17. Kolesnichenko and G. S. Terekhin, Soviet M&v. Sci., 3 (4) (1967) 348-350; 2 figs., 18rcfs. (Translation by the Faraday Press, New York, of Fiz.-Khinz. Mekhaa. Mater., 3 (4) (1967) 174-477.)
Experiments are described in which a classical dilatometric method was used to measure the deformation of aluminium specimens during annealing in air after friction tests. From the results the average dislocation density indicates that friction induced deformation of metal surface layers products a dislocation density of the same order of magnitude as that produced by maximum deformation applied to the bulk of the metal specimen. dislocation density on the surface layers may bc higher as oxide films formed during friction retard the movement of dislocations. Influence of Surface Preparation on Boundary Friction for a Ni-Cr-Fe Alloy. T,. 1’. Solos, Lubrication Eng., 2.5 (I) (1969) ~5~. JO; 9 figs., i table, 7 refs. The effect of various methods of surface preparation on boundary friction were studied using a crossed cylinder machine. After an initial wearing-in phase the type of surface preparation (in the range 3-25 p-in. c 1.a.) was found to have little effect on the frictional coefficient and electrical resistance under boundary conditions. Surface preparation had a great effect on wear resistance and surface damage: a bead blasted surface was the most effective base for boundary lubriWeav, 13 (1969) 371~379
ABSTRACTS
OF CURRENT
cation and wearability electrical resistance.
LITERATURE
without
increasing
Influence of Surface Friction by Ultra-sonic Vibration and Examples of Technical Application. F. Lehfeldt, T’DI-Z., III (7) (1909) 4~9~~474; 0 figs. , 20 refs. I‘nder certain conditions the friction between two surfaces can be reduced considerably by sound vibrations. This phenomenon will be most effective if the acoustical coupling between the frictionpartners is low and if the speed of friction process remains small compared with the amplitude of the acoustic velocity. In this case a vibrational motion between the two surfaces will bc active The influence of sound vibrations on friction can be of benefit for many technical processes not only in the field of plastic deformation but also in the field of cutting metals. The Friction Behaviour of the Free-rolling Sphere. .\. May, l:I)I-Z., IIT (8) (1909) 5.35. Thesis abstract (in German).
3. 1,UBIIICATlON
ANI) I.I’Bl
Lubrication in the Hot Rolling of Aluminium Alloys. G. F. Frontini and R. D. Guminski, Lubvication Etzg., 25 (2) (1969) 60-68; 13 figs. ,5 refs. A study of the mechanism of metal transfer between aluminium and a steel roll. The dcvelopment of laboratory equipment to study the mechanism of hot-rolling lubrication is described. .L\theory is presented explaining the influence of the physical and chemical properties of oil in water emulsions on metal transfer. The formation of surface defects during hot rolling and their prevention are explained in terms of lubricant formulation and method of application. Mist Lubrication. Ii. (;. Hcnrikson. Lubvicatiovz Esg., 25 (2) (1909) 69-74; I fig., 4 tables, I ref. The benefits of mist lubrication are listed. The properties of the oil and air required arc cliscussed. Operating notes are included. Modern Lubricants for Paper Mills. D. J. Fraser, I;ubvication Eng., 2.5 (2) (1969) 75-81 ; IO figs.. The paper reviews observations compiled from many years of field service work and the evaluation of the performance of lubricants in paper-making machinery. The requircments and development of modern lubricants arc discussed.