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Froude scale modelling for dynamically loaded saturated fine sand
156A 913213 High frequency PS-Iogging and geotechnical properties in Osaka Bay Iwasaki. Y Proc Discussion Session on Influence of Local Conditions on Seismic Response, 12th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, 18 August 1989 P169-176. Publ Tokyo: JSSMFE, 1989 Seismic velocity logging was applied in 3 boreholes with depths 140-200m in Osaka Bay. S wave frequencies were in the range 400-1000Hz and P wave frequency 5kHz. Elastic modulus was measured in situ and geotechnical properties were measured in the laboratory on retrieved cores. Computed bulk modulus and rigidity are discussed with reference to void ratio, liquid limit, and vertical effective stress. 913214 Evaluation of iusitu dynamic soil parameters Mukerjee, S: Lavania, B V K Proc Discussion Session on Influence of Local Conditions on Seismic Response, 12th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, 18 August 1989 PI77-184. Publ Tokyo: JSSMFE, 1989 In situ measurement of dynamic properties is used to prevent soil disturbance effects and where sampling is impossible, for such soils as boulders and gravel in finer sands, silts, and clays. Three in situ tests were applied at a borrow site for the Tehri Dam in India. The Block Vibration, Wave Propagation, and Dynamic Vertical Plate Load tests are described. Dynamic shear moduli from these tests were reduced to a common effective stress value and plotted against strain levels achieved in each test to give a continuous shear modulus-strain level curve.
913215 Scale model experiments of a rock joint under dynamic load Miller. S A; Simons, J W; Florence, A L Proc International Symposium on Rock Joints, Loen, 4-6 June I990 P461-466. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1990 Scale model experiments to investigate the interaction between a planar fault and a spherically propagating stress wave, to characterise the behaviour of rock joints under high rate loading, are described. A grout material matching properties of Nevada tuff was used with the stress wave generated by detonation of a small explosive charge. Experimental results show slip occurs on the fault immediately upon wave arrival, with high velocity amplitudes on the incident side, low amplitudes on the transmitted side. Finite element analysis indicates the interface remains nearly frictionless, despite high normal stress, and acts as a lens, significantly altering the spherical flow from the source. 913216 Effects of single fractures on seismic wave propagation Myer, L R; Pyrak-Nolte, L J; Cook, N G W Proc International Symposium on Rock Joints, Loen, 4-6 June 1990 P467-473. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema. 1990 Geophysical methods are commonly used to characterise rock mass structures. As effective media models lose accuracy as features are examined at finer scales, an alternative theory for interpretation of seismic studies is proposed. Effects of a single fracture of large areal extent relative to wavelength and of infinitesimal thickness on wave propagation are analysed. The basic premise is that seismic particle displacements are discontinuous across the discontinuity, whilst seismic stress remains constant. Changes in group time delay, and reflection and transmission coefficients of seismic waves are evaluated.
913217 Liquefaction of soils and dynamic problems Osipov, V Proc 5th International Congress International Association of Engineering Geology, Buenos Aires, 20-25 October 1986 V4, P2599-2622. Publ Rotterdam. A A Balkema, 1990 Three basic mechanisms of liquefaction are identified on the basis of theoretical analysis and examination of the literature. Thixotropic liquefaction is a characteristic of fine grained soils (silts, clays) and is associated with physicochemical properties of the particles. Gravitational liquefaction is characteristic of sands, whose strength is determined by mechanical contacts. Dynamic stability depends on state, structure, in situ stress and pore water pressure. Quicksand behaviour of silty sands and sandy loams is the most complex, with thixotropic and gravitational liquefaction developing simultaneously. 913218 Froude scale modelling for dynamically loaded saturated fine sand Kolkman, P A Proc International Symposium on Modelling Soil-WaterStructure Interactions, Delft, 29 August-2 September 1988 P437-448. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema. 1988 Scaling laws for modelling of dynamic behaviour of sand are described, and application of Froude scale modelling discussed. Dimensionless parameters to describe the more general deformation of sand are derived from the scale relations. A surface cone test is used to check assumptions. Model test data from dune erosion, static plate loading on dry sand, and pulse loading of piles in saturated sand are in reasonable agreement with Froude scaling. Other test data are less conclusive, and reasons for this are examined. 913219 Experimental study of shock-induced wave propagation in dry, water-saturated, and partially saturated porous media van der Grinten, J G M; Sniekers, R W J M; van Dongen, M E H; van der Kogel, H Proc International Symposium on Modelling Soil-WaterStructure Interactions, Delft, 29 August-2 September 1988 P469-478. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988 Wave propagation in a porous column of sand particles was studied by subjecting the pore fluid to stepwise pressure increments in a shock tube. With air as the pore fluid, pore pressure could be determined according to linear and nonlinear interaction forces. For water saturated sands, the expected two wave structure was observed. Wave propagation in and reflection from the porous column was strongly affected by the small volume fraction of air bubbles in the pores. 913220 Special stress paths along the limit surface of a sand specimen with the use of a true triaxial apparatus Lanier, J Proc Symposium on Advanced Triaxiul Testing o f Soil and Rock, Louisville, 19-20 June 1986 P859-869. Publ Philadelphia." ASTM, 1988 ( ASTM Special Technical Publication 977) Many true triaxial apparatuses have been developed in the past 15 years in order to study the behaviour of materials under three-dimensional states of stress, and especially the influence of intermediate stress. A true triaxiat apparatus designed for strain-controlled testing and having six rigid boundaries is presented and discussed. Test results from dry sand specimens and the circular paths obtained in the deviatoric stress plane are also presented.
~, 1991 Pergamon Press pie. Reproduction not permitted
913215 Scale model experiments of a rock joint under dynamic load Miller. S A; Simons, J W; Florence, A L Proc International Symposium on Rock Joints, Loen, 4-6 June I990 P461-466. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1990 Scale model experiments to investigate the interaction between a planar fault and a spherically propagating stress wave, to characterise the behaviour of rock joints under high rate loading, are described. A grout material matching properties of Nevada tuff was used with the stress wave generated by detonation of a small explosive charge. Experimental results show slip occurs on the fault immediately upon wave arrival, with high velocity amplitudes on the incident side, low amplitudes on the transmitted side. Finite element analysis indicates the interface remains nearly frictionless, despite high normal stress, and acts as a lens, significantly altering the spherical flow from the source. 913216 Effects of single fractures on seismic wave propagation Myer, L R; Pyrak-Nolte, L J; Cook, N G W Proc International Symposium on Rock Joints, Loen, 4-6 June 1990 P467-473. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema. 1990 Geophysical methods are commonly used to characterise rock mass structures. As effective media models lose accuracy as features are examined at finer scales, an alternative theory for interpretation of seismic studies is proposed. Effects of a single fracture of large areal extent relative to wavelength and of infinitesimal thickness on wave propagation are analysed. The basic premise is that seismic particle displacements are discontinuous across the discontinuity, whilst seismic stress remains constant. Changes in group time delay, and reflection and transmission coefficients of seismic waves are evaluated.
913217 Liquefaction of soils and dynamic problems Osipov, V Proc 5th International Congress International Association of Engineering Geology, Buenos Aires, 20-25 October 1986 V4, P2599-2622. Publ Rotterdam. A A Balkema, 1990 Three basic mechanisms of liquefaction are identified on the basis of theoretical analysis and examination of the literature. Thixotropic liquefaction is a characteristic of fine grained soils (silts, clays) and is associated with physicochemical properties of the particles. Gravitational liquefaction is characteristic of sands, whose strength is determined by mechanical contacts. Dynamic stability depends on state, structure, in situ stress and pore water pressure. Quicksand behaviour of silty sands and sandy loams is the most complex, with thixotropic and gravitational liquefaction developing simultaneously. 913218 Froude scale modelling for dynamically loaded saturated fine sand Kolkman, P A Proc International Symposium on Modelling Soil-WaterStructure Interactions, Delft, 29 August-2 September 1988 P437-448. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema. 1988 Scaling laws for modelling of dynamic behaviour of sand are described, and application of Froude scale modelling discussed. Dimensionless parameters to describe the more general deformation of sand are derived from the scale relations. A surface cone test is used to check assumptions. Model test data from dune erosion, static plate loading on dry sand, and pulse loading of piles in saturated sand are in reasonable agreement with Froude scaling. Other test data are less conclusive, and reasons for this are examined. 913219 Experimental study of shock-induced wave propagation in dry, water-saturated, and partially saturated porous media van der Grinten, J G M; Sniekers, R W J M; van Dongen, M E H; van der Kogel, H Proc International Symposium on Modelling Soil-WaterStructure Interactions, Delft, 29 August-2 September 1988 P469-478. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988 Wave propagation in a porous column of sand particles was studied by subjecting the pore fluid to stepwise pressure increments in a shock tube. With air as the pore fluid, pore pressure could be determined according to linear and nonlinear interaction forces. For water saturated sands, the expected two wave structure was observed. Wave propagation in and reflection from the porous column was strongly affected by the small volume fraction of air bubbles in the pores. 913220 Special stress paths along the limit surface of a sand specimen with the use of a true triaxial apparatus Lanier, J Proc Symposium on Advanced Triaxiul Testing o f Soil and Rock, Louisville, 19-20 June 1986 P859-869. Publ Philadelphia." ASTM, 1988 ( ASTM Special Technical Publication 977) Many true triaxial apparatuses have been developed in the past 15 years in order to study the behaviour of materials under three-dimensional states of stress, and especially the influence of intermediate stress. A true triaxiat apparatus designed for strain-controlled testing and having six rigid boundaries is presented and discussed. Test results from dry sand specimens and the circular paths obtained in the deviatoric stress plane are also presented.
~, 1991 Pergamon Press pie. Reproduction not permitted