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Fruit-eating habit in Hong Kong people with diabetes
S160
Poster Presentations / Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 120S1 (2016) S65–S211
PG-02 The comparison of different health education tools and their effects in glucose management for type II diabetes patients Hsiao-Jung LO1*. 1Wei-Gong Memorial Hospital, Miaoli, Taiwan, Taiwan Purpose: Experts estimated that in 2035, there will be approximately 5.9 billion diabetes patients worldwide. Studies have indicated that the primary cause of death for diabetes patients were cardio vascular diseases and other comorbidities. Therefore, long term blood glucose management has been the target for diabetes patients worldwide, and many diabetes health education tools have been established for this same purpose. This study was aimed to investigate the blood glucose management efficiencies of each of the different diabetes management conversation tools. Material and Method: This study was a randomized controlled trial that enrolled type II diabetes patients. The participants were randomly allocated into the “conversation map group” and “steno group”, in a 1:1 ratio, with 143 and 150 patients, respectively. A questionnaire was used for data collection at pre- and 1 month post-intervention. Result: Multivariate linear autoregressive models were used for comparing the corrected pre-intervention values and their related factors for the steno and map group. The results indicated that the steno group had significantly improved post-intervention glycated hemoglobin (β = 0.171) and postprandial blood glucose (β = 0.136) than the map group. Additional, χ2 test and pair t-test, performed by SPSS 20.0, determined that post-intervention glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, diet, and exercise were all improved for both of the groups. Furthermore, the steno and map group demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) glycated hemoglobin (HBA1C) reductions of 2.37% and 1.28%, respectively. Conclusion: The results in this study demonstrated that both diabetes management conversation tools can be used to improve patient blood glucose levels and behavior. Furthermore, the steno group was demonstrated to have has better HBA1C improvement than the map group. Therefore, any of the two health education tools can be used to improve patient blood glucose. However, further investigation is required to determine the effect mechanisms and the specificities of each health education tools. PG-03 Fruit-eating habit in Hong Kong people with diabetes Pui Sze Grace HUI1 *, Wing Kai LAI2, Hop Chun CHENG1, Yuk Sim CHAU1, Sin Chung SIU1. 1Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, 2Department of Dietetics, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hongkong Introduction: Fruits are rich in carbohydrate, fibre, antioxidants, and phytochemicals. Observational studies shown that high levels of fruit and vegetable intake are associated with increased psychological well being, reduced risk of CVD and type 2 diabetes. As a result, many national and international guidelines recommend at least five portions of fruit and/or vegetables a day (a portion equates to 80 g). In Hong Kong, Department of Health has recommended at least 2 servings of fruits and 3 servings of vegetables daily as part of a balanced diet. However, such guidelines are not always followed, especially in patients with diabetes. Objectives: This study is to examine the fruit-eating habit in Hong Kong people with diabetes. Methods: An interview based questionnaire was distributed to consecutive patients attending the diabetic centre of Tung Wah Eastern Hospital in the first week of January 2016. The questionnaire included demographic data, fruit-eating habit, and some basic knowledge about the beneficial effect of fruit.
Results: Of 374 questionnaires received for evaluation, 52.6% (197) were male, 47.3% (177) were female, mean age were 63.2 and 64.3 years old respectively. Less than half (44%) reported eating fruit every day and only 24% (90 patients) knew the correct serving of fruit intake. Patients had different reasons for not eating fruit daily, 56 patients thought that eating fruit everyday is not necessary, 26 of them said that “diabetic patient should not eat fruit”. On the other hand, 28.3% (106 patients) thought that excess fruit intake would not cause weight gain. Furthermore, many of them had misconception about the choice of fruit, esp. durian and water melon. Conclusion: As part of healthy diet, 2 servings of fruits daily are recommended. This study showed that Hong Kong diabetic patients have some misconception about the choice and amount of fruit intake. To promote health in patients with diabetes, the benefit of fruit-eating can be introduced during consultation, and also through poster, information leaflets and health talk. PG-04 Improvement of blood glucose in type II diabetes mellitus after health education Shan-Sian YU1*, Kun-Der LIN2, Yu-Li LEE2, Kai-Da CHENG3. 1 Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrine and Metabolic disease, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, 3 Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Taiwan Objective: According to the guidelines of diabetes mellitus healthcare 2015, medical professionals should do the immediate and right intervention to prevent the complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Our study aimed to evaluate the improvement of blood glucose after intervention of diabetes mellitus educator. Methods: We divided participants with glycated hemoglobin over 7% to experiment and control groups. The experiment group received health education by diabetes mellitus educator face to face every month and health education by telephone every two weeks. The content of health education included diet, exercise, self-monitor of blood glucose, symptoms and managements of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. After three months, we analyzed the effect between the two groups. Results: In experiment group, there are 7.8 ± 2.5 times by telephone and face to face each participant. The times of blood sugar test were 56.7 ± 42.5. There were fifteen participants (50%) with hypoglycemia. Nine (60%) of them can do the immediate managements and others can speak the managements of hypoglycemia after reeducation by diabetes mellitus educator. There were six participants (20%) with the diet record, fourteen (46.7%) participants took the 24-hour recall record to improve diet and medication adjustment in seven (23.3%) participants. There was significant improvement in glycated hemoglobin from 9.7 ± 2.0% to 7.4 ± 1.2% (P < 0.05). The fasting blood glucose was significant improvement from 171.0 ± 66.4 to 126.5 ± 46.6/mg/dL (P < 0.05). The postprandial blood glucose was significant improvement from 262.0 ± 141.7 mg/dL to 179.9 ± 70.6 mg/dL (P < 0.05). The glycated hemoglobin showed significance between experiment (7.3 ± 1.2%) and control group (8.8 ± 1.5%) in post-test. The fasting blood glucose showed significance between experiment (126.5 ± 46.6 mg/dL) and control (182.5 ± 94.3 mg/dL) group. Conclusions: There was improvement in glycated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose by using face to face and telephone health education. However, the rate of diet record was low, there was difficult to manage the abnormality of blood glucose after 24-hour recall record of diet. Besides, the blood glucose test strips were consumables, the participants cannot immediate check the blood glucose after the intervention. In the future, we can calculate the blood glucose test strips by
Poster Presentations / Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 120S1 (2016) S65–S211
PG-02 The comparison of different health education tools and their effects in glucose management for type II diabetes patients Hsiao-Jung LO1*. 1Wei-Gong Memorial Hospital, Miaoli, Taiwan, Taiwan Purpose: Experts estimated that in 2035, there will be approximately 5.9 billion diabetes patients worldwide. Studies have indicated that the primary cause of death for diabetes patients were cardio vascular diseases and other comorbidities. Therefore, long term blood glucose management has been the target for diabetes patients worldwide, and many diabetes health education tools have been established for this same purpose. This study was aimed to investigate the blood glucose management efficiencies of each of the different diabetes management conversation tools. Material and Method: This study was a randomized controlled trial that enrolled type II diabetes patients. The participants were randomly allocated into the “conversation map group” and “steno group”, in a 1:1 ratio, with 143 and 150 patients, respectively. A questionnaire was used for data collection at pre- and 1 month post-intervention. Result: Multivariate linear autoregressive models were used for comparing the corrected pre-intervention values and their related factors for the steno and map group. The results indicated that the steno group had significantly improved post-intervention glycated hemoglobin (β = 0.171) and postprandial blood glucose (β = 0.136) than the map group. Additional, χ2 test and pair t-test, performed by SPSS 20.0, determined that post-intervention glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, diet, and exercise were all improved for both of the groups. Furthermore, the steno and map group demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) glycated hemoglobin (HBA1C) reductions of 2.37% and 1.28%, respectively. Conclusion: The results in this study demonstrated that both diabetes management conversation tools can be used to improve patient blood glucose levels and behavior. Furthermore, the steno group was demonstrated to have has better HBA1C improvement than the map group. Therefore, any of the two health education tools can be used to improve patient blood glucose. However, further investigation is required to determine the effect mechanisms and the specificities of each health education tools. PG-03 Fruit-eating habit in Hong Kong people with diabetes Pui Sze Grace HUI1 *, Wing Kai LAI2, Hop Chun CHENG1, Yuk Sim CHAU1, Sin Chung SIU1. 1Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, 2Department of Dietetics, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hongkong Introduction: Fruits are rich in carbohydrate, fibre, antioxidants, and phytochemicals. Observational studies shown that high levels of fruit and vegetable intake are associated with increased psychological well being, reduced risk of CVD and type 2 diabetes. As a result, many national and international guidelines recommend at least five portions of fruit and/or vegetables a day (a portion equates to 80 g). In Hong Kong, Department of Health has recommended at least 2 servings of fruits and 3 servings of vegetables daily as part of a balanced diet. However, such guidelines are not always followed, especially in patients with diabetes. Objectives: This study is to examine the fruit-eating habit in Hong Kong people with diabetes. Methods: An interview based questionnaire was distributed to consecutive patients attending the diabetic centre of Tung Wah Eastern Hospital in the first week of January 2016. The questionnaire included demographic data, fruit-eating habit, and some basic knowledge about the beneficial effect of fruit.
Results: Of 374 questionnaires received for evaluation, 52.6% (197) were male, 47.3% (177) were female, mean age were 63.2 and 64.3 years old respectively. Less than half (44%) reported eating fruit every day and only 24% (90 patients) knew the correct serving of fruit intake. Patients had different reasons for not eating fruit daily, 56 patients thought that eating fruit everyday is not necessary, 26 of them said that “diabetic patient should not eat fruit”. On the other hand, 28.3% (106 patients) thought that excess fruit intake would not cause weight gain. Furthermore, many of them had misconception about the choice of fruit, esp. durian and water melon. Conclusion: As part of healthy diet, 2 servings of fruits daily are recommended. This study showed that Hong Kong diabetic patients have some misconception about the choice and amount of fruit intake. To promote health in patients with diabetes, the benefit of fruit-eating can be introduced during consultation, and also through poster, information leaflets and health talk. PG-04 Improvement of blood glucose in type II diabetes mellitus after health education Shan-Sian YU1*, Kun-Der LIN2, Yu-Li LEE2, Kai-Da CHENG3. 1 Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrine and Metabolic disease, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, 3 Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Taiwan Objective: According to the guidelines of diabetes mellitus healthcare 2015, medical professionals should do the immediate and right intervention to prevent the complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Our study aimed to evaluate the improvement of blood glucose after intervention of diabetes mellitus educator. Methods: We divided participants with glycated hemoglobin over 7% to experiment and control groups. The experiment group received health education by diabetes mellitus educator face to face every month and health education by telephone every two weeks. The content of health education included diet, exercise, self-monitor of blood glucose, symptoms and managements of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. After three months, we analyzed the effect between the two groups. Results: In experiment group, there are 7.8 ± 2.5 times by telephone and face to face each participant. The times of blood sugar test were 56.7 ± 42.5. There were fifteen participants (50%) with hypoglycemia. Nine (60%) of them can do the immediate managements and others can speak the managements of hypoglycemia after reeducation by diabetes mellitus educator. There were six participants (20%) with the diet record, fourteen (46.7%) participants took the 24-hour recall record to improve diet and medication adjustment in seven (23.3%) participants. There was significant improvement in glycated hemoglobin from 9.7 ± 2.0% to 7.4 ± 1.2% (P < 0.05). The fasting blood glucose was significant improvement from 171.0 ± 66.4 to 126.5 ± 46.6/mg/dL (P < 0.05). The postprandial blood glucose was significant improvement from 262.0 ± 141.7 mg/dL to 179.9 ± 70.6 mg/dL (P < 0.05). The glycated hemoglobin showed significance between experiment (7.3 ± 1.2%) and control group (8.8 ± 1.5%) in post-test. The fasting blood glucose showed significance between experiment (126.5 ± 46.6 mg/dL) and control (182.5 ± 94.3 mg/dL) group. Conclusions: There was improvement in glycated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose by using face to face and telephone health education. However, the rate of diet record was low, there was difficult to manage the abnormality of blood glucose after 24-hour recall record of diet. Besides, the blood glucose test strips were consumables, the participants cannot immediate check the blood glucose after the intervention. In the future, we can calculate the blood glucose test strips by