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Fuchs memorial award 1994
Pergamon
J. Aerosol SCI., Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 521-522, 1995 Elsev~~ Science Ltd. Printed in Great Britain
FUCHS MEMORIAL
AWARD
1994
This Award to honour the memory of one of the greatest pioneers in aerosol science, Professor Nikolai A. Fuchs, was initiated during the 1986 International Aerosol Conference in Berlin by three of the leading aerosol societies: -
The American Association for Aerosol Research The Japan Association for Aerosol Science and Technology The Gessellschaft fur Aerosolforschung.
The first Fuchs Memorial Award was presented during the 1990 International Aerosol Conference in Kyoto, where the recipient was Professor Sheldon Friedlander. The second Award was presented during the 1994 International Aerosol Conference in Los Angeles. The Fuchs Memorial Award Committee under the chairmanship of Professor W. Schikarski decided on this occasion to honour two distinguished aerosol scientists, Professor Othmar Preining and Professor Benjamin Y. H. Liu.
Professor Benjamin Y. H. Liu Professor Liu is at present Professor and Director of the Particle Technology Laboratory and the Environmental Division in the Mechanical Engineering Department of the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis. After receiving the Bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Nebraska in 1956, he went to the University of Minnesota to receive a PhD, again in Mechanical Engineering, in 1960. He became Assistant Professor in 1960, Associate Professor in 1968 and Full Professor in 1969. In 1973 he became Director of the Particle Technology Laboratory of the University of Minnesota and in 1984 the Director of the Environmental Division in the Mechanical Engineering Department. Among the many honors he received are Regents’ Professorship at the University of Minnesota, Technical Vice-President at the Institute of Environmental Science, Member of the Clean Air Science Advisory Committee and Science Advisory Board for US EPA, Member of the Board of Scientific Counsellors for the US National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Member of the National Academy of Engineering, and Fellow of several American scientific associations. Internationally, he received an Honorary Doctorate at the University of Kupio, Finland, and the Senior US Scientist Award, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany. One of Professor Liu’s most important original contributions to aerosol science and technology is the development of techniques to generate, measure and sample aerosols. These techniques and the instruments he has developed have had a major influence on the development of aerosol science during the last 30 years. The differential mobility analyser and the monodisperse aerosol generators are considered as highlights in Professor Liu’s scientific career. These tools now are standard items in the majority of aerosol laboratories around the world. During the development of these instruments he frequently crossed new frontiers in aerosol science, requiring him to take a fundamental approach to his work and to solve general scientific problems. For example, his work on electrical mobility analysers led him to a study of aerosol charging by unipolar ions and diffusion charging. Another important contribution by Professor Liu to aerosol science research and technology has been his work on aerosol contamination control in microelectronics. He is now one of the leading aerosol scientists in the microcontamination and clean manufacturing area, developing tools and standards for semiconductor manufacturing in research and industry. Professor Liu has published more than 300 publications, edited four books and holds 22 patents. His contributions to the aerosol science community include serving as President of AAAR, Chairman of several aerosol conferences, Editor-in-Chief of Aerosol Science and 521
522
Fuchs Memorial Award 1994
Technology, Member of the Editorial Board of other aerosol related journals, Member of the Board of GAeF, and Member of scientific committees of several scientific associations. Professor Othmar Preining Professor Preining is at present Professor of Experimental Physics in the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Vienna, Austria and Member of the Austrian Academy of Science and Chairman of their Commission on Air Pollution Control. He was born in 1927 in Vienna. He studied physics, mathematics and astronomy at the University of Vienna where he received a PhD in Physics in 1951. He worked as scientific assistant at the Institute for Experimental Physics for several years, during which time he spent several periods abroad. He worked during 1958-1960 at the California Institute of Technology in the group of Alexander Goetz. In 1963 he habilitated with a thesis “On the problem of calibration of fractionating instruments for aerosols in the size range 0.1 to 1 pm by use of test aerosols”. In 1968 he became Extraordinary Professor for Experimental Physics in the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Vienna. In 1971 he became Ordinary (that means Full) Professor at the University of Vienna. In 1969 he was elected Member of the Air Pollution Control Commission of the Austrian Academy of Science. Since 1990 he has been Chairman of that Commission. He has been invited several times as guest scientist in foreign countries. Among the many honors Professor Preining has received are the Theodor Korner Prize, the Felix Kuschenitz Prize of the Austrian Academy of Science, the Austrian Cross of Honor of Science and Arts (conferred by the President of Austria), the Schrodinger Prize of the Austrian Academy of Science, and “Wirkliches Mitglied” (translated “Real Member”) of the Austrian Academy of Science. In addition, during 198771988 he was Prorector of the University of Vienna. Professor Preining’s most important original contributions to aerosol science and technology are his basic research on the photophoresis of aerosols, his early studies on ultrafine particles and their detection by nucleation counter systems, and his continuous ability to identify and to articulate new (and sometimes old) essential problems in aerosol science. His article on photophoresis in the book Aerosol Science edited by the late C. N. Davies was published in 1966 and provides a comprehensive summary of this important area. In 1967 he published a paper on ultrafine particles, which-at that time-could not be characterized physically or chemically in situ. His interest of the issue led to nucleation studies with the expansion chamber. The chamber was designed so that the degree of supersaturation could be preset to a specified value and the growth of the droplet in the chamber followed with a time resolution in microseconds. Matching the peaks in the Mie scattering curve with the time scale provides an unambiguous correlation of droplet size with time. This was the essential demonstration that sufficiently large droplets in a chamber are monodisperse. Moreover, it provided a new measurement technique which allowed measurements in real time of droplet growth. Together with other authors his nucleation studies contributed to the result that the Boltzmann equilibrium charge distribution does not correctly describe the behaviour of ultrafine particles. Professor Preining’s leadership in identifying and articulating essential problems in aerosol science have long, been evident, for example on the significance of fractals in aerosol science and on the connection between aerosols and climatology, and on the aerosol physics behind the phenomenom of the “blue sun”. Professor Preining has published around 100 papers, including several larger contributions to books. His contributions to the aerosol science community include serving as President of CAeF, Chairman of several aerosol conferences, Member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Aerosol Science, Dean and other duties at the University of Vienna, and founder of the Vienna School for Aerosol Research. W. SCHIKARSKI
J. Aerosol SCI., Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 521-522, 1995 Elsev~~ Science Ltd. Printed in Great Britain
FUCHS MEMORIAL
AWARD
1994
This Award to honour the memory of one of the greatest pioneers in aerosol science, Professor Nikolai A. Fuchs, was initiated during the 1986 International Aerosol Conference in Berlin by three of the leading aerosol societies: -
The American Association for Aerosol Research The Japan Association for Aerosol Science and Technology The Gessellschaft fur Aerosolforschung.
The first Fuchs Memorial Award was presented during the 1990 International Aerosol Conference in Kyoto, where the recipient was Professor Sheldon Friedlander. The second Award was presented during the 1994 International Aerosol Conference in Los Angeles. The Fuchs Memorial Award Committee under the chairmanship of Professor W. Schikarski decided on this occasion to honour two distinguished aerosol scientists, Professor Othmar Preining and Professor Benjamin Y. H. Liu.
Professor Benjamin Y. H. Liu Professor Liu is at present Professor and Director of the Particle Technology Laboratory and the Environmental Division in the Mechanical Engineering Department of the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis. After receiving the Bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Nebraska in 1956, he went to the University of Minnesota to receive a PhD, again in Mechanical Engineering, in 1960. He became Assistant Professor in 1960, Associate Professor in 1968 and Full Professor in 1969. In 1973 he became Director of the Particle Technology Laboratory of the University of Minnesota and in 1984 the Director of the Environmental Division in the Mechanical Engineering Department. Among the many honors he received are Regents’ Professorship at the University of Minnesota, Technical Vice-President at the Institute of Environmental Science, Member of the Clean Air Science Advisory Committee and Science Advisory Board for US EPA, Member of the Board of Scientific Counsellors for the US National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Member of the National Academy of Engineering, and Fellow of several American scientific associations. Internationally, he received an Honorary Doctorate at the University of Kupio, Finland, and the Senior US Scientist Award, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany. One of Professor Liu’s most important original contributions to aerosol science and technology is the development of techniques to generate, measure and sample aerosols. These techniques and the instruments he has developed have had a major influence on the development of aerosol science during the last 30 years. The differential mobility analyser and the monodisperse aerosol generators are considered as highlights in Professor Liu’s scientific career. These tools now are standard items in the majority of aerosol laboratories around the world. During the development of these instruments he frequently crossed new frontiers in aerosol science, requiring him to take a fundamental approach to his work and to solve general scientific problems. For example, his work on electrical mobility analysers led him to a study of aerosol charging by unipolar ions and diffusion charging. Another important contribution by Professor Liu to aerosol science research and technology has been his work on aerosol contamination control in microelectronics. He is now one of the leading aerosol scientists in the microcontamination and clean manufacturing area, developing tools and standards for semiconductor manufacturing in research and industry. Professor Liu has published more than 300 publications, edited four books and holds 22 patents. His contributions to the aerosol science community include serving as President of AAAR, Chairman of several aerosol conferences, Editor-in-Chief of Aerosol Science and 521
522
Fuchs Memorial Award 1994
Technology, Member of the Editorial Board of other aerosol related journals, Member of the Board of GAeF, and Member of scientific committees of several scientific associations. Professor Othmar Preining Professor Preining is at present Professor of Experimental Physics in the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Vienna, Austria and Member of the Austrian Academy of Science and Chairman of their Commission on Air Pollution Control. He was born in 1927 in Vienna. He studied physics, mathematics and astronomy at the University of Vienna where he received a PhD in Physics in 1951. He worked as scientific assistant at the Institute for Experimental Physics for several years, during which time he spent several periods abroad. He worked during 1958-1960 at the California Institute of Technology in the group of Alexander Goetz. In 1963 he habilitated with a thesis “On the problem of calibration of fractionating instruments for aerosols in the size range 0.1 to 1 pm by use of test aerosols”. In 1968 he became Extraordinary Professor for Experimental Physics in the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Vienna. In 1971 he became Ordinary (that means Full) Professor at the University of Vienna. In 1969 he was elected Member of the Air Pollution Control Commission of the Austrian Academy of Science. Since 1990 he has been Chairman of that Commission. He has been invited several times as guest scientist in foreign countries. Among the many honors Professor Preining has received are the Theodor Korner Prize, the Felix Kuschenitz Prize of the Austrian Academy of Science, the Austrian Cross of Honor of Science and Arts (conferred by the President of Austria), the Schrodinger Prize of the Austrian Academy of Science, and “Wirkliches Mitglied” (translated “Real Member”) of the Austrian Academy of Science. In addition, during 198771988 he was Prorector of the University of Vienna. Professor Preining’s most important original contributions to aerosol science and technology are his basic research on the photophoresis of aerosols, his early studies on ultrafine particles and their detection by nucleation counter systems, and his continuous ability to identify and to articulate new (and sometimes old) essential problems in aerosol science. His article on photophoresis in the book Aerosol Science edited by the late C. N. Davies was published in 1966 and provides a comprehensive summary of this important area. In 1967 he published a paper on ultrafine particles, which-at that time-could not be characterized physically or chemically in situ. His interest of the issue led to nucleation studies with the expansion chamber. The chamber was designed so that the degree of supersaturation could be preset to a specified value and the growth of the droplet in the chamber followed with a time resolution in microseconds. Matching the peaks in the Mie scattering curve with the time scale provides an unambiguous correlation of droplet size with time. This was the essential demonstration that sufficiently large droplets in a chamber are monodisperse. Moreover, it provided a new measurement technique which allowed measurements in real time of droplet growth. Together with other authors his nucleation studies contributed to the result that the Boltzmann equilibrium charge distribution does not correctly describe the behaviour of ultrafine particles. Professor Preining’s leadership in identifying and articulating essential problems in aerosol science have long, been evident, for example on the significance of fractals in aerosol science and on the connection between aerosols and climatology, and on the aerosol physics behind the phenomenom of the “blue sun”. Professor Preining has published around 100 papers, including several larger contributions to books. His contributions to the aerosol science community include serving as President of CAeF, Chairman of several aerosol conferences, Member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Aerosol Science, Dean and other duties at the University of Vienna, and founder of the Vienna School for Aerosol Research. W. SCHIKARSKI