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Fuel processing technology
Fuel Processing Technology 69 Ž2001. 273–285 www.elsevier.comrlocaterfuproc
Fuel processing technology 6113661 Fuel composition for diesel engines containing oxygenated compounds Germanaud, Laurent; Maldonado, Paul; Bourdauducq, Paul; Couturier, Jean-Luc; FRANCE assigned to Elf Antar France A fuel composition containing, as a major portion, at least one fuel base, and, as a minor portion, at least one oxygenated compound, which contains at least 0.05% by weight of at least one trialkoxyalkane of the formula ŽI.: wFigurex wherein: X is a divalent hydrocarbon-containing group C n H 2 n , wherein n is 1, 2, or 3, each hydrogen atom optionally being substituted by a hydrocarbon-containing residue; R 1 , RX1 , and RY1 are each independently linear or branched alkyl groups containing from one to 10 carbon atoms and optionally at least one oxygen atom, two of each of R 1 , RX1 and RY1 groups optionally being connected to form a heterocyclic ring containing five or six atoms; and R 2 is a hydrogen atom or a linear C 1 –C 4 alkyl radical, or R 2 and hydrocarbon-containing residue X, together by bonding, form a ring containing five or six carbon atoms. 6114267 Process for the preparation of fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst Ghosh, Sobhan; Makhija, Satish; Kuvettu, Mohan Prabhu; Krishnan, Ventachalam; Ray, Sanjay Kumar; Santra, Manoranjan; Thakur, Ram Mohan; Dixit, Jagdev Kumar A process for preparation of fluidized catalytic cracking ŽFCC. catalyst, comprising silicon-stabilized large crystallite-sized synthetic faujasite zeolite, aluminum-depleted and normal kaolin clay, alumina and silica. The cracking catalyst is highly active and selective for bottom upgradation, it produces less coke and higher gasoline and total cycle oil ŽTCO. and possesses improved metal tolerance properties when evaluated and compared with a commercial catalyst, under conditions of a typical FCC unit in a petroleum refinery. 0378-3820r01r$ - see front matter. PII: S 0 3 7 8 - 3 8 2 0 Ž 0 1 . 0 0 1 3 2 - 1
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6114273 Method for sox removal by catalytic carbon Hayden, Richard A.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Calgon Carbon Corporation An improved process is provided for the removal of sulfur oxides from gas or vapor media containing oxygen and H 2 O by contacting the media with a catalytically active carbonaceous char. The improvement is provided by the use of a catalytically active carbonaceous char prepared by low-temperature carbonization and oxidation of a bituminous coal or bituminous material at temperatures below 7008C, followed by contact of the carbonized, oxidized char with one or more nitrogen-containing compounds at a temperature which is stable at, or is increasing to, temperatures less than 7008C, and then increasing the temperature of the resultant material to or above 7008C. 6117302 Fuel cell aluminum production Roha, David J.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Aluminum Company of America A process and apparatus are disclosed for electrolytically smelting alumina to produce aluminum metal, including providing a combination solid oxide fuel cell and electrolytic smelting cell for the production of aluminum from refined alumina positioned near tile solid oxide fuel cell. In one aspect, an alumina ore refinery for producing the refined alumina is positioned near the solid oxide fuel cell, and refined alumina is passed at a temperature of at least 9008C directly from the alumina ore refinery to the electrolytic smelting cell. In one aspect, the solid oxide fuel cell incorporates a planar construction having a solid state cathode material of lanthanum strontium manganate, a solid electrolyte of yttria stabilized zirconia, and a nickelryttria stabilized zirconia cermet anode. 6117387 Apparatus for production of direct reduced iron with reduced fuel consumption and emission of carbon monoxide Sarma, Balu; Ding, Maynard Guotsuen; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Praxair Technology Inc. A system for producing directly reduced iron, wherein iron oxide material and carbonaceous material are passed successively through an oxidizing zone and a reducing zone of a furnace; each zone fired by oxy-fuel combustion, enabling a reduction in the amount of fuel needed to process the material while generating sufficient carbon monoxide to effect the reduction, and ensuring that little or no carbon monoxide is emitted from the furnace.
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6119451 Nitrogen oxide removal using diesel fuel and a catalyst Vogtlin, George E.; Goerz, David A.; Hsiao, Mark; Merritt, Bernard T.; Penetrante, Bernie M.; Reynolds, John G.; Brusasco, Ray; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Regents of the University of California Hydrocarbons, such as diesel fuel, are added to internal combustion engine exhaust to reduce exhaust NO x in the presence of an amphoteric catalyst support material. Exhaust NO x reduction of at least 50% in the emissions is achieved with the addition of less than 5% fuel as a source of the hydrocarbons. 6120923 Steam producing hydrocarbon fueled power plant employing a PEM fuel cell Van Dine, Leslie L.; Bonville, Leonard J.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to International Fuel Cells LLC The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for creating steam from the cooling stream of a proton exchange membrane ŽPEM. fuel cell. As the cooling stream exits the PEM fuel cell, a portion of the cooling fluid is extracted from the circulating cooling stream, thereby creating a secondary stream of cooling fluid. This secondary stream passes through a restriction, which decreases the pressure of the secondary stream to its saturation pressure, such that when the secondary stream enters a flash evaporator it transforms into steam. Creating steam from the cooling stream of a PEM fuel cell power plant provides the fuel processor with a co-generated source of steam, without adding a significant amount of auxiliary equipment to the power plant. 6121333 Process for the preparation of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas Ettore Clerici, Gabriele Carlo; Piccolo, Vincenzo; Belmonte, Giuseppe; Broutin, Paul; Hughes, Francois; FRANCE assigned to AGIP Petroli S.p.A., Institut Francais du Petrole Process for the production of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas which comprises: Ža. feeding to a reactor for Fischer–Tropsch reactions, containing a catalyst based on supported cobalt, a synthesis gas in molar ratios H 2rCO ranging from 1 to 3; Žb. discharging from the reactor a hydrocarbon liquid phase containing the catalyst, in suspension; Žc. feeding the suspension to a hydrocracking reactor operating at a temperature ranging from 2008C to 5008C; Žd. discharging a vapour phase from the head of the hydrocracking reactor and from the bottom a suspension containing heavier products which is recycled to the Fischer–Tropsch reactor; Že. cooling and condensing the vapour phase.
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6124130 Microbial catalyst for desulfurization of fossil fuels Olson, Gregory J.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Clean Diesel Technologies Inc. Sulfur is removed from fossil fuels containing sulfur by incubation of the fuel with microbes, isolated and purified from soil or water, that selectively extract the sulfur without apparently utilizing the fuel as a carbon or energy source. Preferred biodesulfurization microbes remove at least about 20% of the sulfur. The microbes are obtained in a multi-step screen that first selects microorganisms that utilize dibenzothiophene ŽDBT. as a sole source of sulfur, and then tests these in incubations with fossil fuels; organisms that desulfurize DBT without metabolizing the DBT phenyl ring structures, and desulfurize fuels only when a second carbon source devoid of sulfur is present, are identified and employed in desulfurization processes. Two cultures, CDT-4 and CDT-4b, were particularly efficacious in the desulfurization of liquid fossil fuels. 6124480 Process for preparing trioxane Hoffmockel, Michael; Sextro, Gunter; Emig, Gerhard; Kern, Frank; GERMANY The process serves for the preparation of trioxane from formaldehyde in the gas phase in the presence of a tungstomolybdophosphoric acid of the composition H 3 PWn Mo mO40 . . . x H 2 O Ž n s 4–8, m s 12 y n; x s 0–32. as catalyst. 6125653 LNG with ethane enrichment and reinjection gas as refrigerant Shu, Steven W.; Christiano, Francis A., III; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Texaco Inc. The present invention comprises a process for producing liquefied natural gas from the methane that is produced during natural gas liquid extraction. The process includes distilling the feed to extract methane, then cooling and expanding the methane to produce liquefied natural gas and cold methane vapor. The cold methane vapor is employed as a coolant to precool the feed and to cool the methane before expansion, and is then recompressed for reinjection into the well formation. The bottoms from the methane distillation may be further distilled to extract ethane, which may be cooled with the cold methane vapor and combined with the liquefied natural gas product. A portion of the recompressed methane may be diverted from the compressor train, cooled and expanded to produce additional liquefied natural gas and cold methane vapor.
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6125690 Device for testing of diesel fuel Kitching, John Stephen; GREAT BRITAIN assigned to Shell Oil Company A device for generating a series of output signals, in relation to a rotating output shaft of a diesel fuel test engine generating a series of engine signals, each engine signal occurring at a first angular orientation of the output shaft. Each output signal is generated at a second angular orientation of the output shaft. The device receives the series of engine signals, measures the angle of rotation of the output shaft relative to the occurrence of each engine signal, determines an angular interval between the first and second angular orientations of the output shaft, in the direction of rotation of the output shaft, and generates the output signal when the measured angle of rotation of the output shaft corresponds to the angular interval. 6126705 Process for treating coal tailings Pryor, Murray Howard; Lees, Jeremy James; AUSTRALIA assigned to Ilecard Pty Ltd A process for the recovery of coal particles from coal tailings is described. The process comprises the steps of initially treating the coal tailings to separate therefrom a proportion of the coal particles having sizes in a specified range, and then subjecting the coal particles to a heat treatment process. In one embodiment, the separated coal particles can undergo an agglomeration in oil prior to the heat treatment. The process provides a further means of recovering coal particles of certain sizes from slurries. 6126812 Gasoline upgrade with split feed Drake, Charles Alfred; Wu, An-Hsiang; Love, Scott Douglas; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Phillips Petroleum Company A method for optimizing the yield of aromatics and light olefins in a process for the conversion of cracked gasoline to aromatics and light olefins, by separating the cracked gasoline into a light fraction and a heavy fraction, and contacting the light fraction with a zeolite catalyst. 6127327 Polymeric multifunctional lubricant additives Camenzind, Hugo; Dubs, Paul; SWITZERLAND assigned to Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation Described are products suitable as lubricant and fuel additives which are obtainable by reacting a polyunsaturated polymer, for example polybutadiene, polyisoprene, ring-
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opening polymerised polycyclooctenamer or polynorbomene, with at least one enophilic compound of the groups of the dihydrocarbyidithiophosphoric acids, dihydrocarbylmonothiophosphoric acids, dihydrocarbylphosphoric acids or mercaptans. 6127481 Branched polyolefin polymers as additives in fuel and lubricating oil compositions Janssen, Koen Jan Gerarda; Bostoen, Claude Leo; BELGIUM assigned to DSM Copolymer Inc. A branched polyolefin additive for use in fuel andror lubricating oil in the form of a comb, star, nanogel and structural combinations thereof, in which a plurity of polyolefin arms are attached to a backbone having repeating units containing aliphatic groups, aromatic groups, heteroatom-containing groups and combinations thereof, to provide a branched polymeric additive in which the properties of the additive can be conveniently tailored to a single or multi-functional performance criteria of a fuel andror lubricating oil composition. 6129773 Fuel blends Killick, Robert William; Parnaby, Lawrence Harold, deceased; Parnaby, Barbara Anne, legal representative; Wrigley, Peter Ronald; AUSTRALIA A fuel additive composition containing ethanol, n-propanol or mixtures thereof together with a non-hydroxy fatty acid and organic ester is described. A miscible fuel blend composition containing the fuel additive composition and diesel oil, gas oil or a mixture thereof, as well as a process for preparing the fuel blend composition is also described. 6129818 Method of and apparatus for manufacturing methanol Sherman, Jeffrey H.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to GRT Inc. In a method of and apparatus for manufacturing methanol from methane, a catalytic area is formed on the exterior of a hollow sintered stainless steel tube. Methane is maintained within the sintered stainless steel tube at predetermined pressure, and water continuously flowing across the exterior surface thereof strips the methane forming submicron-sized methane bubbles. Light energy is directed onto the catalytic surface to form hydroxyl radicals from the flowing water. The hydroxyl radicals cleave the carbon–hydrogen bonds of the methane to form methyl ions, which combine with the hydroxyl ions to form methanol.
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6129861 Membrane reactor for producing CO- and CO 2-free hydrogen Meusinger, Josefin; Haart, Lambertus; Stimming, Ulrich; GERMANY assigned to Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH In a reactor and a method for the conversion of methanol to hydrogen, wherein the reactor comprises first and second chambers divided by a membrane which is permeable for hydrogen and CO but not for CO 2 , the methanol is converted in the first chamber by a catalyst disposed therein to a gas mixture comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and the hydrogen and carbon monoxide pass through the membrane into the second chamber wherein the CO is converted by another catalyst disposed therein to methane. 6129895 Fuel additive analyzer system and process Edmondson, Farrell R.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Emcee Electronics Inc. An oxygenate additive analyzer is provided, which detects and determines the presence of oxygen-enhancing additives in gasoline or other fuels. The oxygenate additive analyzer includes a portable electronic controller with a fuel cell connected to the controller by a ribbon cable. In operation, a sample of the fuel to be tested is placed in the fuel cell and electrical control signals are transmitted between the controller and the fuel cell. The analyzer measures the direct current conductivity, resonant frequency, and temperature, and such data is analyzed on the unique software system in the microprocessor of the controller. Upon the completion of the fuel analysis, the controller displays the percentage, if any, of added oxygen by weight, lists probable oxygenates as a percentage of volume, and shows the temperature of the fuel sample. The analyzer is a portable unit with a battery power supply. The batteries are rechargeable from both a 120-volt Ac power supply or a 12-volt DC automobile battery-power system. The analyzer includes a computer interface and printer connector to facilitate communication of the information to an external computer andror printer for logging and storage of information. 6130260 Method for converting natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons Hall, Kenneth R.; Bullin, Jerry A.; Eubank, Philip T.; Akgerman, Aydin; Anthony, Rayford G.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to The Texas A & M University Systems A process for converting natural gas to a liquid includes heating the gas to a selected range of temperature to convert a fraction of the gas stream to reactive hydrocarbons,
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primarily acetylene, and reacting methane and the reactive hydrocarbons in the presence of an acidic catalyst to produce a liquid, predominantly pentane. Hydrogen resulting from the reactions is used to heat the incoming natural gas, either with a hydrogen furnace or by electrical energy generated from the hydrogen. Little or no use of methane is required to supply energy for the process. 6130931 X-ray fluorescence elemental analyzer Laurila, Melvin J.; Bachmann, Claus C.; Klein, Albert P.; GERMANY assigned to Process Control Inc. An apparatus for measuring the composition of coal and mineral ores on-line, by bombarding a sample stream with low energy X-rays and measuring the characteristic X-rays fluoresced. The assembly is comprised of one or more X-ray generators mounted in a specific geometry with one or more silicon detectors. A representative sample of a flow stream is obtained from a sampling system. Sample presentation to the analyzer is done with a plow or a flow cell to obtain a uniform interrogation zone for the analyzer. Elemental analysis Žaluminum through silver on the periodic table. of the sample is computed from calibration curves generated from a linear relationship with count rates under each peak. Sample presentation to the analyzer is done with a plow or leveling plate to ensure that material flows past the analyzer at a constant level. The elemental analysis is determined by measuring counts under the characteristic peaks, fluoresced by various elements in an energy spectrum resolved with a multi-channel analyzer. 6131407 Natural gas letdown liquefaction system Wissolik, Robert; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA A conventional air separator unit separates nitrogen, oxygen or argon merchant gas to be liquefied. Input pressurized natural gas is processed through a pressure letdown liquefaction system, including gas separators for removing moisture and for drying the gas. The dried gas is then separated into large and small gas stream portions wherein CO 2 in the smaller portion is removed. The two portions are passed through a first heat exchanger, from which the larger portion is expanded which cools it and then passed through two heat exchangers including the first exchanger, used to regenerate the CO 2 separator and drier and then returned to the input stream. The smaller portion is passed through the two heat exchangers to a throttle valve where the gas is liquefied and processed to a second set of heat exchangers, which receive compressed separated merchant gas to be cooled by the liquefied natural gas and liquefied via an additional heat exchanger, which receives cooled vapor separated from the liquefied merchant gas, the vapor being formed by a flash valve. The vapor is repetitively recycled through a compressor and passed through the second set of heat exchangers. Different embodiments are disclosed including a compander for expanding the merchant gas, which is passed through the first and second set of heat exchangers, and including an embodiment
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for supplying cold merchant gas rather than liquid merchant gas to an air separation unit for producing liquefied merchant gases. 6132478 Coal–water slurry producing process, system therefor, and slurry transfer mechanism Tsurui, Masao; Asakura, Masanori; Goto, Takashi; Katagiri, Tsutomu; Furuta, Akio; Takinami, Takao; Suto, Yoshinori; Shibata, Kazuhiro; Ogawa, Jin; Yui, Masayuki; Takano, Shinji; JAPAN assigned to JGC Corporation In a coal–water slurry producing system, low-grade coal is wet-ground to not greater than 3 mm in particle size to produce a ground coal slurry. An upgrading treatment is applied to the ground coal slurry, under a pressurized hydrothermal atmosphere not less than 3008C, to produce an upgraded coal slurry. The upgraded coal slurry is subjected to a dehydration treatment to produce an upgraded coal cake and a filtrate. A final coal–water slurry is produced from the upgraded coal cake. The filtrate is recycled for producing the ground coal slurry. A slurry transfer mechanism is provided in the coal–water slurry producing system for ensuring a stable transfer of the upgraded coal slurry from a high-pressure slurry vessel to a low-pressure slurry vessel. 6132479 Low emission, non-oxygenated fuel composition Welstand, Joseph S.; Freel, John; Scott, William R.; Fuchs, Michael J.; Brundage, Scott R.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Provided is an unleaded gasoline fuel which is substantially free of oxygenates, i.e., the fuel contains less than 1.0 wt.% oxygen based on the total weight of the fuel composition, and most preferably, contains no oxygen-containing compounds. The gasoline fuel of the present invention also has a Reid vapor pressure of less than 7.5 psi, a sulfur content of less than 30 ppmw, and more preferably, less than 20 ppmw sulfur, and an aromatic hydrocarbon content greater than 30 vol% andror a 50% D-86 Distillation Point greater than 2208F andror a 90% D-86 Distillation Point greater than 3308F. The gasoline fuel preferably also has an olefin content of no greater than 8 vol%, and more preferably 5 vol% or less. It has been found that such a gasoline fuel offers a substantially oxygenate-free gasoline which avoids the environmental impact of oxygenates, yet, when combusted in an internal combustion automobile, provides good performance and good emissions. 6132594 Hydrocracking catalyst and hydrocracking method for hydrocarbon oils Okazaki, Hajime; Sakoda, Hisao; Adachi, Michiaki; Kure, Shigeo; JAPAN assigned to Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corporation A hydrocracking catalyst for hydrocarbon oil, comprising a complex oxide with at least two different elements selected from Group 3b, Group 4a, Group 4b and Group 5b
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of the periodic table, zeolite having a solid Al-NMR spectrum wherein the ratio ArB of the peak area A in a chemical shift of y30–18 ppm to the peak area B in a chemical ˚ or shift of 20–100 ppm is 0.01–0.39, and whose surface area of pores of diameter, 10 A smaller, constitutes 10–85% of the total surface area, and at least one metal selected from Group 6a and Group 8 of the periodic table. Also, a hydrocracking method characterized by hydrocracking of petroleum distillates with a boiling point of 250–6008C using the hydrocracking catalyst in the presence of hydrogen, under conditions with a reaction temperature of 100–8008C, a reaction pressure of 3–30 MPa, an LHSV of 0.01–10 hy1 and a hydrogenroil ratio of 100–2500 Nm3 my3 . 6136049 Diesel fuel oil composition Nakajima, Isao; Hino, Takashi; JAPAN assigned to Tonen Corporation The present invention provides diesel fuel oil composition comprising a base fuel which contains normal paraffin compounds having a carbon number of 20 or more 4.0 wt.% or less, has a specific carbon number distribution in the high-boiling normal paraffin compounds, contains sulfur at 0.05 wt.% or less, and is incorporated with 0.01–0.1 wt.% of a FI. 6136050 Diesel fuel oil composition Nakajima, Isao; Murakami, Kazuyuki; Hino, Takashi; JAPAN assigned to Tonen Corporation The present invention provides a diesel fuel oil composition comprising a base fuel which contains normal paraffin compounds having a carbon number of 20 or more at 4.0 wt.% or less, has a specific carbon number distribution in the high-boiling normal paraffin compounds, contains sulfur at 0.05 wt.% or less, and is incorporated with 0.01–0.1 wt.% of an FI and 0.002–0.1 wt.% of lubricity improver. 6136052 Fuel additives and fuel compositions containing said fuel additive Daly, Daniel T.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to The Lubrizol Corporation The present invention is directed to a fuel additive composition comprising at least two components: ŽA. a polyether alcohol of the formula wFigurex wherein in formula ŽA-1., R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R1 is
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hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of one to five carbon atoms or mixtures thereof; and x is a number from about 4 to about 40. ŽB. a hydrocarbylphenol having 1–3 hydrocarbyl groups such that the total weight average molecular weight of the hydrocarbyl groups is about 250 to about 6000. In one embodiment the composition further comprises ŽC. a nitrogen-containing dispersant. The composition is useful as a fuel additive for reducing intake valve deposits and advantageously, does not contribute to an increase in combustion chamber deposits in port fuel injected internal combustion engines. The invention also relates to concentrates and fuel compositions containing the foregoing fuel additive composition and to a method for fueling an internal combustion engine. 6136180 Catalyst comprising a NU-88 zeolite, a group VB element and its use for hydroconverting hydrocarbon-containing petroleum feeds Benazzi, Eric; Marchal-George, Nathalie; Diehl, Fabrice; Kasztelan, Slavik; FRANCE assigned to Institut Francais du Petrole The invention provides a hydrocracking catalyst comprising at least one NU-88 zeolite, at least one group VB metal, preferably niobium, at least one amorphous or low crystallinity matrix, optionally at least one metal selected from the group formed by group VIB and VIII metals, optionally at least one element selected from the group formed by phosphorous, boron and silicon, and optionally at least one group VIIA element. The invention also relates to the use of the catalyst for hydrocracking hydrocarbon-containing feeds. 6136222 Liquid absorbent solutions for separating nitrogen from natural gas Friesen, Dwayne T.; Babcock, Walter C.; Edlund, David J.; Lyon, David K.; Miller, Warren K.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Bend Research, Inc. Nitrogen-absorbing and -desorbing compositions, novel ligands and transition metal complexes, and methods of using the same, which are useful for the selective separation of nitrogen from other gases, especially natural gas. 6136282 Method for removal of hydrogen sulfide from gaseous streams Fisher, Kevin S.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Gas Research Institute A method for removal of H 2 S from an H 2 S-containing natural gas stream in which a high surface area contactor is inserted into the natural gas stream and at least one H 2 S scavenging agent is injected into the natural gas stream upstream of the contactor, the result of which is the distribution of the H 2 S scavenging agent on at least a portion of at least one surface of the contactor. The distributed H 2 S scavenging agent is contacted
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with the natural gas stream resulting in absorption of the H 2 S into the H 2 S scavenging agent and reaction therewith, forming at least one byproduct. Thereafter, the byproduct is removed from the natural gas stream. 6137017 Methanol process for natural gas conversion Stauffer, John E.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA A process is provided for producing methyl alcohol from natural gas using chlorination technology. The process includes reacting methyl chloride, hydrogen chloride, oxygen and perchloroethylene in a catalytic reactor to give methanol product and hexachloroethane, and using the C 2 Cl 6 to chlorinate methane of natural gas feedstock in multiple thermal chlorination reactors, each with a natural gas recycle loop. These reactors are arranged in a cross-flow reactor system, whereby a gas purge from the first reactor is fed to the second and so on, if necessary until a last reactor, which is vented to the atmosphere by feeding a purge steam to the catalytic reactor. 6138381 Treatment of moist fuel Abyhammer, Tomas; SWEDEN assigned to Vattenfall AB ŽPubl.. A process of treating moist fuel, particularly biomass fuel, in connection with a power production process, comprises drying moist fuel by means of combustion air Ž3., which is thereafter supplied to the power production process combustion section. Flue gas from the combustion section, which as a result of said drying has become moisture-laden, is condensed while recovering heat, which may be used as drying heat. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the flue gas condensation is used to humidify the combustion air. 6138919 Multi-section evaporator for use in heat pump Cooper, Kenneth W.; Rawhaouser, Martin A.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Pool Fact Inc. A multi-section evaporator is employed in a heat pump system which includes a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator. A control valve is connected between each adjacent set of evaporator sections and the control valve is operable in response to temperature andror pressure conditions sensed by a sensor. In response to a sensed condition, one or more sections of the evaporator are brought into operation concurrently with the previously operating sectionŽs.. Thus, the effective size of the evaporator is variable, depending on the sensed condition.
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6139723 Iron-based ionic liquid catalysts for hydroprocessing carbonaceous feeds Pelrine, Bruce P.; Comolli, Alfred G.; Lee, Lap-Keung; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Hydrocarbon Technologies Inc. A highly dispersed iron-based ionic liquid or liquid–gel catalyst, which may be anion-modified and metal-promoted, has high catalytic activity, and is useful for hydrocrackingrhydrogenation reactions for carbonaceous feed materials. The catalyst is produced by aqueous precipitation from saturated iron salt solutions such as ferric sulfate and ferric alum, and may be modified during preparation with anionic sulfate ŽSO42y . and promoted with small percentages of at least one active metal such as cobalt, molybdenum, palladium, platinum, nickel, or tungsten or mixtures thereof. The resulting catalyst may be used in a preferred ionic liquid form or in a liquid–gel form, and either fluidic form can be easily mixed and reacted with carbonaceous feed materials such as coal, heavy petroleum fractions, mixed plastic waste, or mixtures thereof. The invention includes methods for making the ionic liquid or liquid–gel catalyst, and processes for using the fluidic catalysts for hydroprocessing the carbonaceous feed materials to produce desirable low-boiling hydrocarbon liquid products. 6140647 Gasoline RFG analysis by a spectrometer Welch, William T.; Bledsoe, Roy R.; Wilt, Brian K.; Sumner, Michael B.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Marathon Ashland Petroleum Reformulated gasoline ŽRFG. testing recently required by EPA involves measuring sulfur, olefin, aromatic contents, Reid Vapor Pressure ŽRVP., and benzene, distillation properties, plus total air pollutants ŽTAPs., volatile organic carbon ŽVOC., and nitrogen oxides ŽNO x .. Measuring driveability, although not required, is desirable. All of these tests can be conducted by spectrometer, preferably in the IR range, more preferably in the NIR range, and most preferably by a single instrument operating at high-correlation wavelengths. Importantly, VOC, TAP, NOx, and RVP may be correlated to IR absorbance at certain bands. Statistical methods including PLS, MLR, PCR, and neural networks can be used and derivatives of first, particularly second, or other orders can be used. Results can be displayed on a single screen.
Fuel processing technology 6113661 Fuel composition for diesel engines containing oxygenated compounds Germanaud, Laurent; Maldonado, Paul; Bourdauducq, Paul; Couturier, Jean-Luc; FRANCE assigned to Elf Antar France A fuel composition containing, as a major portion, at least one fuel base, and, as a minor portion, at least one oxygenated compound, which contains at least 0.05% by weight of at least one trialkoxyalkane of the formula ŽI.: wFigurex wherein: X is a divalent hydrocarbon-containing group C n H 2 n , wherein n is 1, 2, or 3, each hydrogen atom optionally being substituted by a hydrocarbon-containing residue; R 1 , RX1 , and RY1 are each independently linear or branched alkyl groups containing from one to 10 carbon atoms and optionally at least one oxygen atom, two of each of R 1 , RX1 and RY1 groups optionally being connected to form a heterocyclic ring containing five or six atoms; and R 2 is a hydrogen atom or a linear C 1 –C 4 alkyl radical, or R 2 and hydrocarbon-containing residue X, together by bonding, form a ring containing five or six carbon atoms. 6114267 Process for the preparation of fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst Ghosh, Sobhan; Makhija, Satish; Kuvettu, Mohan Prabhu; Krishnan, Ventachalam; Ray, Sanjay Kumar; Santra, Manoranjan; Thakur, Ram Mohan; Dixit, Jagdev Kumar A process for preparation of fluidized catalytic cracking ŽFCC. catalyst, comprising silicon-stabilized large crystallite-sized synthetic faujasite zeolite, aluminum-depleted and normal kaolin clay, alumina and silica. The cracking catalyst is highly active and selective for bottom upgradation, it produces less coke and higher gasoline and total cycle oil ŽTCO. and possesses improved metal tolerance properties when evaluated and compared with a commercial catalyst, under conditions of a typical FCC unit in a petroleum refinery. 0378-3820r01r$ - see front matter. PII: S 0 3 7 8 - 3 8 2 0 Ž 0 1 . 0 0 1 3 2 - 1
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6114273 Method for sox removal by catalytic carbon Hayden, Richard A.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Calgon Carbon Corporation An improved process is provided for the removal of sulfur oxides from gas or vapor media containing oxygen and H 2 O by contacting the media with a catalytically active carbonaceous char. The improvement is provided by the use of a catalytically active carbonaceous char prepared by low-temperature carbonization and oxidation of a bituminous coal or bituminous material at temperatures below 7008C, followed by contact of the carbonized, oxidized char with one or more nitrogen-containing compounds at a temperature which is stable at, or is increasing to, temperatures less than 7008C, and then increasing the temperature of the resultant material to or above 7008C. 6117302 Fuel cell aluminum production Roha, David J.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Aluminum Company of America A process and apparatus are disclosed for electrolytically smelting alumina to produce aluminum metal, including providing a combination solid oxide fuel cell and electrolytic smelting cell for the production of aluminum from refined alumina positioned near tile solid oxide fuel cell. In one aspect, an alumina ore refinery for producing the refined alumina is positioned near the solid oxide fuel cell, and refined alumina is passed at a temperature of at least 9008C directly from the alumina ore refinery to the electrolytic smelting cell. In one aspect, the solid oxide fuel cell incorporates a planar construction having a solid state cathode material of lanthanum strontium manganate, a solid electrolyte of yttria stabilized zirconia, and a nickelryttria stabilized zirconia cermet anode. 6117387 Apparatus for production of direct reduced iron with reduced fuel consumption and emission of carbon monoxide Sarma, Balu; Ding, Maynard Guotsuen; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Praxair Technology Inc. A system for producing directly reduced iron, wherein iron oxide material and carbonaceous material are passed successively through an oxidizing zone and a reducing zone of a furnace; each zone fired by oxy-fuel combustion, enabling a reduction in the amount of fuel needed to process the material while generating sufficient carbon monoxide to effect the reduction, and ensuring that little or no carbon monoxide is emitted from the furnace.
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6119451 Nitrogen oxide removal using diesel fuel and a catalyst Vogtlin, George E.; Goerz, David A.; Hsiao, Mark; Merritt, Bernard T.; Penetrante, Bernie M.; Reynolds, John G.; Brusasco, Ray; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Regents of the University of California Hydrocarbons, such as diesel fuel, are added to internal combustion engine exhaust to reduce exhaust NO x in the presence of an amphoteric catalyst support material. Exhaust NO x reduction of at least 50% in the emissions is achieved with the addition of less than 5% fuel as a source of the hydrocarbons. 6120923 Steam producing hydrocarbon fueled power plant employing a PEM fuel cell Van Dine, Leslie L.; Bonville, Leonard J.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to International Fuel Cells LLC The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for creating steam from the cooling stream of a proton exchange membrane ŽPEM. fuel cell. As the cooling stream exits the PEM fuel cell, a portion of the cooling fluid is extracted from the circulating cooling stream, thereby creating a secondary stream of cooling fluid. This secondary stream passes through a restriction, which decreases the pressure of the secondary stream to its saturation pressure, such that when the secondary stream enters a flash evaporator it transforms into steam. Creating steam from the cooling stream of a PEM fuel cell power plant provides the fuel processor with a co-generated source of steam, without adding a significant amount of auxiliary equipment to the power plant. 6121333 Process for the preparation of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas Ettore Clerici, Gabriele Carlo; Piccolo, Vincenzo; Belmonte, Giuseppe; Broutin, Paul; Hughes, Francois; FRANCE assigned to AGIP Petroli S.p.A., Institut Francais du Petrole Process for the production of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas which comprises: Ža. feeding to a reactor for Fischer–Tropsch reactions, containing a catalyst based on supported cobalt, a synthesis gas in molar ratios H 2rCO ranging from 1 to 3; Žb. discharging from the reactor a hydrocarbon liquid phase containing the catalyst, in suspension; Žc. feeding the suspension to a hydrocracking reactor operating at a temperature ranging from 2008C to 5008C; Žd. discharging a vapour phase from the head of the hydrocracking reactor and from the bottom a suspension containing heavier products which is recycled to the Fischer–Tropsch reactor; Že. cooling and condensing the vapour phase.
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6124130 Microbial catalyst for desulfurization of fossil fuels Olson, Gregory J.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Clean Diesel Technologies Inc. Sulfur is removed from fossil fuels containing sulfur by incubation of the fuel with microbes, isolated and purified from soil or water, that selectively extract the sulfur without apparently utilizing the fuel as a carbon or energy source. Preferred biodesulfurization microbes remove at least about 20% of the sulfur. The microbes are obtained in a multi-step screen that first selects microorganisms that utilize dibenzothiophene ŽDBT. as a sole source of sulfur, and then tests these in incubations with fossil fuels; organisms that desulfurize DBT without metabolizing the DBT phenyl ring structures, and desulfurize fuels only when a second carbon source devoid of sulfur is present, are identified and employed in desulfurization processes. Two cultures, CDT-4 and CDT-4b, were particularly efficacious in the desulfurization of liquid fossil fuels. 6124480 Process for preparing trioxane Hoffmockel, Michael; Sextro, Gunter; Emig, Gerhard; Kern, Frank; GERMANY The process serves for the preparation of trioxane from formaldehyde in the gas phase in the presence of a tungstomolybdophosphoric acid of the composition H 3 PWn Mo mO40 . . . x H 2 O Ž n s 4–8, m s 12 y n; x s 0–32. as catalyst. 6125653 LNG with ethane enrichment and reinjection gas as refrigerant Shu, Steven W.; Christiano, Francis A., III; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Texaco Inc. The present invention comprises a process for producing liquefied natural gas from the methane that is produced during natural gas liquid extraction. The process includes distilling the feed to extract methane, then cooling and expanding the methane to produce liquefied natural gas and cold methane vapor. The cold methane vapor is employed as a coolant to precool the feed and to cool the methane before expansion, and is then recompressed for reinjection into the well formation. The bottoms from the methane distillation may be further distilled to extract ethane, which may be cooled with the cold methane vapor and combined with the liquefied natural gas product. A portion of the recompressed methane may be diverted from the compressor train, cooled and expanded to produce additional liquefied natural gas and cold methane vapor.
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6125690 Device for testing of diesel fuel Kitching, John Stephen; GREAT BRITAIN assigned to Shell Oil Company A device for generating a series of output signals, in relation to a rotating output shaft of a diesel fuel test engine generating a series of engine signals, each engine signal occurring at a first angular orientation of the output shaft. Each output signal is generated at a second angular orientation of the output shaft. The device receives the series of engine signals, measures the angle of rotation of the output shaft relative to the occurrence of each engine signal, determines an angular interval between the first and second angular orientations of the output shaft, in the direction of rotation of the output shaft, and generates the output signal when the measured angle of rotation of the output shaft corresponds to the angular interval. 6126705 Process for treating coal tailings Pryor, Murray Howard; Lees, Jeremy James; AUSTRALIA assigned to Ilecard Pty Ltd A process for the recovery of coal particles from coal tailings is described. The process comprises the steps of initially treating the coal tailings to separate therefrom a proportion of the coal particles having sizes in a specified range, and then subjecting the coal particles to a heat treatment process. In one embodiment, the separated coal particles can undergo an agglomeration in oil prior to the heat treatment. The process provides a further means of recovering coal particles of certain sizes from slurries. 6126812 Gasoline upgrade with split feed Drake, Charles Alfred; Wu, An-Hsiang; Love, Scott Douglas; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Phillips Petroleum Company A method for optimizing the yield of aromatics and light olefins in a process for the conversion of cracked gasoline to aromatics and light olefins, by separating the cracked gasoline into a light fraction and a heavy fraction, and contacting the light fraction with a zeolite catalyst. 6127327 Polymeric multifunctional lubricant additives Camenzind, Hugo; Dubs, Paul; SWITZERLAND assigned to Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation Described are products suitable as lubricant and fuel additives which are obtainable by reacting a polyunsaturated polymer, for example polybutadiene, polyisoprene, ring-
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opening polymerised polycyclooctenamer or polynorbomene, with at least one enophilic compound of the groups of the dihydrocarbyidithiophosphoric acids, dihydrocarbylmonothiophosphoric acids, dihydrocarbylphosphoric acids or mercaptans. 6127481 Branched polyolefin polymers as additives in fuel and lubricating oil compositions Janssen, Koen Jan Gerarda; Bostoen, Claude Leo; BELGIUM assigned to DSM Copolymer Inc. A branched polyolefin additive for use in fuel andror lubricating oil in the form of a comb, star, nanogel and structural combinations thereof, in which a plurity of polyolefin arms are attached to a backbone having repeating units containing aliphatic groups, aromatic groups, heteroatom-containing groups and combinations thereof, to provide a branched polymeric additive in which the properties of the additive can be conveniently tailored to a single or multi-functional performance criteria of a fuel andror lubricating oil composition. 6129773 Fuel blends Killick, Robert William; Parnaby, Lawrence Harold, deceased; Parnaby, Barbara Anne, legal representative; Wrigley, Peter Ronald; AUSTRALIA A fuel additive composition containing ethanol, n-propanol or mixtures thereof together with a non-hydroxy fatty acid and organic ester is described. A miscible fuel blend composition containing the fuel additive composition and diesel oil, gas oil or a mixture thereof, as well as a process for preparing the fuel blend composition is also described. 6129818 Method of and apparatus for manufacturing methanol Sherman, Jeffrey H.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to GRT Inc. In a method of and apparatus for manufacturing methanol from methane, a catalytic area is formed on the exterior of a hollow sintered stainless steel tube. Methane is maintained within the sintered stainless steel tube at predetermined pressure, and water continuously flowing across the exterior surface thereof strips the methane forming submicron-sized methane bubbles. Light energy is directed onto the catalytic surface to form hydroxyl radicals from the flowing water. The hydroxyl radicals cleave the carbon–hydrogen bonds of the methane to form methyl ions, which combine with the hydroxyl ions to form methanol.
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6129861 Membrane reactor for producing CO- and CO 2-free hydrogen Meusinger, Josefin; Haart, Lambertus; Stimming, Ulrich; GERMANY assigned to Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH In a reactor and a method for the conversion of methanol to hydrogen, wherein the reactor comprises first and second chambers divided by a membrane which is permeable for hydrogen and CO but not for CO 2 , the methanol is converted in the first chamber by a catalyst disposed therein to a gas mixture comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and the hydrogen and carbon monoxide pass through the membrane into the second chamber wherein the CO is converted by another catalyst disposed therein to methane. 6129895 Fuel additive analyzer system and process Edmondson, Farrell R.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Emcee Electronics Inc. An oxygenate additive analyzer is provided, which detects and determines the presence of oxygen-enhancing additives in gasoline or other fuels. The oxygenate additive analyzer includes a portable electronic controller with a fuel cell connected to the controller by a ribbon cable. In operation, a sample of the fuel to be tested is placed in the fuel cell and electrical control signals are transmitted between the controller and the fuel cell. The analyzer measures the direct current conductivity, resonant frequency, and temperature, and such data is analyzed on the unique software system in the microprocessor of the controller. Upon the completion of the fuel analysis, the controller displays the percentage, if any, of added oxygen by weight, lists probable oxygenates as a percentage of volume, and shows the temperature of the fuel sample. The analyzer is a portable unit with a battery power supply. The batteries are rechargeable from both a 120-volt Ac power supply or a 12-volt DC automobile battery-power system. The analyzer includes a computer interface and printer connector to facilitate communication of the information to an external computer andror printer for logging and storage of information. 6130260 Method for converting natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons Hall, Kenneth R.; Bullin, Jerry A.; Eubank, Philip T.; Akgerman, Aydin; Anthony, Rayford G.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to The Texas A & M University Systems A process for converting natural gas to a liquid includes heating the gas to a selected range of temperature to convert a fraction of the gas stream to reactive hydrocarbons,
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primarily acetylene, and reacting methane and the reactive hydrocarbons in the presence of an acidic catalyst to produce a liquid, predominantly pentane. Hydrogen resulting from the reactions is used to heat the incoming natural gas, either with a hydrogen furnace or by electrical energy generated from the hydrogen. Little or no use of methane is required to supply energy for the process. 6130931 X-ray fluorescence elemental analyzer Laurila, Melvin J.; Bachmann, Claus C.; Klein, Albert P.; GERMANY assigned to Process Control Inc. An apparatus for measuring the composition of coal and mineral ores on-line, by bombarding a sample stream with low energy X-rays and measuring the characteristic X-rays fluoresced. The assembly is comprised of one or more X-ray generators mounted in a specific geometry with one or more silicon detectors. A representative sample of a flow stream is obtained from a sampling system. Sample presentation to the analyzer is done with a plow or a flow cell to obtain a uniform interrogation zone for the analyzer. Elemental analysis Žaluminum through silver on the periodic table. of the sample is computed from calibration curves generated from a linear relationship with count rates under each peak. Sample presentation to the analyzer is done with a plow or leveling plate to ensure that material flows past the analyzer at a constant level. The elemental analysis is determined by measuring counts under the characteristic peaks, fluoresced by various elements in an energy spectrum resolved with a multi-channel analyzer. 6131407 Natural gas letdown liquefaction system Wissolik, Robert; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA A conventional air separator unit separates nitrogen, oxygen or argon merchant gas to be liquefied. Input pressurized natural gas is processed through a pressure letdown liquefaction system, including gas separators for removing moisture and for drying the gas. The dried gas is then separated into large and small gas stream portions wherein CO 2 in the smaller portion is removed. The two portions are passed through a first heat exchanger, from which the larger portion is expanded which cools it and then passed through two heat exchangers including the first exchanger, used to regenerate the CO 2 separator and drier and then returned to the input stream. The smaller portion is passed through the two heat exchangers to a throttle valve where the gas is liquefied and processed to a second set of heat exchangers, which receive compressed separated merchant gas to be cooled by the liquefied natural gas and liquefied via an additional heat exchanger, which receives cooled vapor separated from the liquefied merchant gas, the vapor being formed by a flash valve. The vapor is repetitively recycled through a compressor and passed through the second set of heat exchangers. Different embodiments are disclosed including a compander for expanding the merchant gas, which is passed through the first and second set of heat exchangers, and including an embodiment
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for supplying cold merchant gas rather than liquid merchant gas to an air separation unit for producing liquefied merchant gases. 6132478 Coal–water slurry producing process, system therefor, and slurry transfer mechanism Tsurui, Masao; Asakura, Masanori; Goto, Takashi; Katagiri, Tsutomu; Furuta, Akio; Takinami, Takao; Suto, Yoshinori; Shibata, Kazuhiro; Ogawa, Jin; Yui, Masayuki; Takano, Shinji; JAPAN assigned to JGC Corporation In a coal–water slurry producing system, low-grade coal is wet-ground to not greater than 3 mm in particle size to produce a ground coal slurry. An upgrading treatment is applied to the ground coal slurry, under a pressurized hydrothermal atmosphere not less than 3008C, to produce an upgraded coal slurry. The upgraded coal slurry is subjected to a dehydration treatment to produce an upgraded coal cake and a filtrate. A final coal–water slurry is produced from the upgraded coal cake. The filtrate is recycled for producing the ground coal slurry. A slurry transfer mechanism is provided in the coal–water slurry producing system for ensuring a stable transfer of the upgraded coal slurry from a high-pressure slurry vessel to a low-pressure slurry vessel. 6132479 Low emission, non-oxygenated fuel composition Welstand, Joseph S.; Freel, John; Scott, William R.; Fuchs, Michael J.; Brundage, Scott R.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Provided is an unleaded gasoline fuel which is substantially free of oxygenates, i.e., the fuel contains less than 1.0 wt.% oxygen based on the total weight of the fuel composition, and most preferably, contains no oxygen-containing compounds. The gasoline fuel of the present invention also has a Reid vapor pressure of less than 7.5 psi, a sulfur content of less than 30 ppmw, and more preferably, less than 20 ppmw sulfur, and an aromatic hydrocarbon content greater than 30 vol% andror a 50% D-86 Distillation Point greater than 2208F andror a 90% D-86 Distillation Point greater than 3308F. The gasoline fuel preferably also has an olefin content of no greater than 8 vol%, and more preferably 5 vol% or less. It has been found that such a gasoline fuel offers a substantially oxygenate-free gasoline which avoids the environmental impact of oxygenates, yet, when combusted in an internal combustion automobile, provides good performance and good emissions. 6132594 Hydrocracking catalyst and hydrocracking method for hydrocarbon oils Okazaki, Hajime; Sakoda, Hisao; Adachi, Michiaki; Kure, Shigeo; JAPAN assigned to Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corporation A hydrocracking catalyst for hydrocarbon oil, comprising a complex oxide with at least two different elements selected from Group 3b, Group 4a, Group 4b and Group 5b
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of the periodic table, zeolite having a solid Al-NMR spectrum wherein the ratio ArB of the peak area A in a chemical shift of y30–18 ppm to the peak area B in a chemical ˚ or shift of 20–100 ppm is 0.01–0.39, and whose surface area of pores of diameter, 10 A smaller, constitutes 10–85% of the total surface area, and at least one metal selected from Group 6a and Group 8 of the periodic table. Also, a hydrocracking method characterized by hydrocracking of petroleum distillates with a boiling point of 250–6008C using the hydrocracking catalyst in the presence of hydrogen, under conditions with a reaction temperature of 100–8008C, a reaction pressure of 3–30 MPa, an LHSV of 0.01–10 hy1 and a hydrogenroil ratio of 100–2500 Nm3 my3 . 6136049 Diesel fuel oil composition Nakajima, Isao; Hino, Takashi; JAPAN assigned to Tonen Corporation The present invention provides diesel fuel oil composition comprising a base fuel which contains normal paraffin compounds having a carbon number of 20 or more 4.0 wt.% or less, has a specific carbon number distribution in the high-boiling normal paraffin compounds, contains sulfur at 0.05 wt.% or less, and is incorporated with 0.01–0.1 wt.% of a FI. 6136050 Diesel fuel oil composition Nakajima, Isao; Murakami, Kazuyuki; Hino, Takashi; JAPAN assigned to Tonen Corporation The present invention provides a diesel fuel oil composition comprising a base fuel which contains normal paraffin compounds having a carbon number of 20 or more at 4.0 wt.% or less, has a specific carbon number distribution in the high-boiling normal paraffin compounds, contains sulfur at 0.05 wt.% or less, and is incorporated with 0.01–0.1 wt.% of an FI and 0.002–0.1 wt.% of lubricity improver. 6136052 Fuel additives and fuel compositions containing said fuel additive Daly, Daniel T.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to The Lubrizol Corporation The present invention is directed to a fuel additive composition comprising at least two components: ŽA. a polyether alcohol of the formula wFigurex wherein in formula ŽA-1., R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R1 is
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hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of one to five carbon atoms or mixtures thereof; and x is a number from about 4 to about 40. ŽB. a hydrocarbylphenol having 1–3 hydrocarbyl groups such that the total weight average molecular weight of the hydrocarbyl groups is about 250 to about 6000. In one embodiment the composition further comprises ŽC. a nitrogen-containing dispersant. The composition is useful as a fuel additive for reducing intake valve deposits and advantageously, does not contribute to an increase in combustion chamber deposits in port fuel injected internal combustion engines. The invention also relates to concentrates and fuel compositions containing the foregoing fuel additive composition and to a method for fueling an internal combustion engine. 6136180 Catalyst comprising a NU-88 zeolite, a group VB element and its use for hydroconverting hydrocarbon-containing petroleum feeds Benazzi, Eric; Marchal-George, Nathalie; Diehl, Fabrice; Kasztelan, Slavik; FRANCE assigned to Institut Francais du Petrole The invention provides a hydrocracking catalyst comprising at least one NU-88 zeolite, at least one group VB metal, preferably niobium, at least one amorphous or low crystallinity matrix, optionally at least one metal selected from the group formed by group VIB and VIII metals, optionally at least one element selected from the group formed by phosphorous, boron and silicon, and optionally at least one group VIIA element. The invention also relates to the use of the catalyst for hydrocracking hydrocarbon-containing feeds. 6136222 Liquid absorbent solutions for separating nitrogen from natural gas Friesen, Dwayne T.; Babcock, Walter C.; Edlund, David J.; Lyon, David K.; Miller, Warren K.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Bend Research, Inc. Nitrogen-absorbing and -desorbing compositions, novel ligands and transition metal complexes, and methods of using the same, which are useful for the selective separation of nitrogen from other gases, especially natural gas. 6136282 Method for removal of hydrogen sulfide from gaseous streams Fisher, Kevin S.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Gas Research Institute A method for removal of H 2 S from an H 2 S-containing natural gas stream in which a high surface area contactor is inserted into the natural gas stream and at least one H 2 S scavenging agent is injected into the natural gas stream upstream of the contactor, the result of which is the distribution of the H 2 S scavenging agent on at least a portion of at least one surface of the contactor. The distributed H 2 S scavenging agent is contacted
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with the natural gas stream resulting in absorption of the H 2 S into the H 2 S scavenging agent and reaction therewith, forming at least one byproduct. Thereafter, the byproduct is removed from the natural gas stream. 6137017 Methanol process for natural gas conversion Stauffer, John E.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA A process is provided for producing methyl alcohol from natural gas using chlorination technology. The process includes reacting methyl chloride, hydrogen chloride, oxygen and perchloroethylene in a catalytic reactor to give methanol product and hexachloroethane, and using the C 2 Cl 6 to chlorinate methane of natural gas feedstock in multiple thermal chlorination reactors, each with a natural gas recycle loop. These reactors are arranged in a cross-flow reactor system, whereby a gas purge from the first reactor is fed to the second and so on, if necessary until a last reactor, which is vented to the atmosphere by feeding a purge steam to the catalytic reactor. 6138381 Treatment of moist fuel Abyhammer, Tomas; SWEDEN assigned to Vattenfall AB ŽPubl.. A process of treating moist fuel, particularly biomass fuel, in connection with a power production process, comprises drying moist fuel by means of combustion air Ž3., which is thereafter supplied to the power production process combustion section. Flue gas from the combustion section, which as a result of said drying has become moisture-laden, is condensed while recovering heat, which may be used as drying heat. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the flue gas condensation is used to humidify the combustion air. 6138919 Multi-section evaporator for use in heat pump Cooper, Kenneth W.; Rawhaouser, Martin A.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Pool Fact Inc. A multi-section evaporator is employed in a heat pump system which includes a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator. A control valve is connected between each adjacent set of evaporator sections and the control valve is operable in response to temperature andror pressure conditions sensed by a sensor. In response to a sensed condition, one or more sections of the evaporator are brought into operation concurrently with the previously operating sectionŽs.. Thus, the effective size of the evaporator is variable, depending on the sensed condition.
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6139723 Iron-based ionic liquid catalysts for hydroprocessing carbonaceous feeds Pelrine, Bruce P.; Comolli, Alfred G.; Lee, Lap-Keung; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Hydrocarbon Technologies Inc. A highly dispersed iron-based ionic liquid or liquid–gel catalyst, which may be anion-modified and metal-promoted, has high catalytic activity, and is useful for hydrocrackingrhydrogenation reactions for carbonaceous feed materials. The catalyst is produced by aqueous precipitation from saturated iron salt solutions such as ferric sulfate and ferric alum, and may be modified during preparation with anionic sulfate ŽSO42y . and promoted with small percentages of at least one active metal such as cobalt, molybdenum, palladium, platinum, nickel, or tungsten or mixtures thereof. The resulting catalyst may be used in a preferred ionic liquid form or in a liquid–gel form, and either fluidic form can be easily mixed and reacted with carbonaceous feed materials such as coal, heavy petroleum fractions, mixed plastic waste, or mixtures thereof. The invention includes methods for making the ionic liquid or liquid–gel catalyst, and processes for using the fluidic catalysts for hydroprocessing the carbonaceous feed materials to produce desirable low-boiling hydrocarbon liquid products. 6140647 Gasoline RFG analysis by a spectrometer Welch, William T.; Bledsoe, Roy R.; Wilt, Brian K.; Sumner, Michael B.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA assigned to Marathon Ashland Petroleum Reformulated gasoline ŽRFG. testing recently required by EPA involves measuring sulfur, olefin, aromatic contents, Reid Vapor Pressure ŽRVP., and benzene, distillation properties, plus total air pollutants ŽTAPs., volatile organic carbon ŽVOC., and nitrogen oxides ŽNO x .. Measuring driveability, although not required, is desirable. All of these tests can be conducted by spectrometer, preferably in the IR range, more preferably in the NIR range, and most preferably by a single instrument operating at high-correlation wavelengths. Importantly, VOC, TAP, NOx, and RVP may be correlated to IR absorbance at certain bands. Statistical methods including PLS, MLR, PCR, and neural networks can be used and derivatives of first, particularly second, or other orders can be used. Results can be displayed on a single screen.