- Email: [email protected]
Fuels of the future
Editorial
Filtration+Separation January/February 2011
Fuels of the future Leading the world of filtration
Filtration+Separation is covered in the Current Contents®/ Engineering, Computing & Technology (CC®/EC&T) online database and in the Research Alert® current awareness service. Subscriptions An annual subscription to Filtration+Separation includes 6 printed issues per year in January/February, March/April, May/June, July/August, September/October, November/December and costs: €405 for all European countries & Iran US$454 for all countries except Europe and Japan ¥53,900 for Japan (Prices valid until 31/12/11) Please send payment to: Filtration+Separation USA Postmaster send all USA address corrections to: Customers in Europe, Middle East and Africa: Elsevier Journals Customer Service & Fulfilment Department The Boulevard, Langford Lane Kidlington OX5 1GB United Kingdom Tel: (+44) (0)1865 843434 / Fax: (+44) (0)1865 843970 Email: [email protected] Customers in Asia and Australasia: Elsevier Journals Customer Service & Fulfilment Department 3 Killiney Road # 08-01 Winsland House 1 SINGAPORE 239519 Tel: (+65) 6349 0222 / Fax: (+65) 6733 1510 Email: [email protected] Customers in the United States & Canada: Elsevier Journals Customer Service & Fulfilment Department 3251 Riverport Lane Maryland Heights, MO 63043 USA Tel: (+1) 314 447 8878 / Toll: (+1) 877 839 7126 Fax: ( +1) 314 447 8077 Email: [email protected] Customers in Japan: Elsevier Journals Customer Service & Fulfilment Department Higashi Azabu Bldg. 4F 1-9-15 HigashiAzabu Minatu-Ku Tokyo 106-0044 JAPAN Tel: (+81) 3 55615037 Fax: (+81) 3 55615047 Email: JournalsCustomerServiceJapan@ elsevier.com Periodicals postage is paid at Rahway, NJ and additional mailing offices. Missing issues: Responsibility cannot be accepted by the Publishers after six months. The opinions expressed by individuals in this publication are not necessarily those of Elsevier Ltd, who shall not be held responsible for them. All trademarks acknowledged. ISSN 0015-1882/11 © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This journal and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by Elsevier Ltd, and the following terms and conditions apply to their use: Photocopying Single photocopies of single articles may be made for personal use as allowed by national copyright laws. Permission of the Publisher and payment of a fee is required for all other photocopying, including multiple or systematic copying, copying for advertising or promotional purposes, resale, and all forms of document delivery. Special rates are available for educational institutions that wish to make photocopies for non-profit educational classroom use. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier Science Global Rights Department, P.O. Box 800, Oxford OX5 1DX, UK; Tel: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@ elsevier.com. You may also contact Global Rights directly through Elsevier's homepage (http://www.elsevier.com), by selecting 'Obtaining Permissions'. In the USA, users may clear permissions and make payments through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; Tel: (+1) (978) 7508400, fax: (+1) (978) 7504744, and in the UK through the Copyright Licensing Agency Rapid Clearance Service (CLARCS), 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP, UK; Tel: +44 (0)20 7631 5555; fax: +44 (0)20 7631 5500. Other countries may have a local reprographic rights agency for payments. Derivative Works Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution. Permission of the Publisher is required for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations.
Welcome to the first issue of Filtration + Separation for 2011. Our first cover story of the year concerns the important area of energy materials processing. We review the current state of affairs within the conventional fossil fuels sector, but as we are all too well aware the future energy requirements of the world will need to come from a much wider range of sources. Renewable biofuels are one of those options being touted as a sustainable alternative, and filters and other separation equipment have an important role to play. Our review of the energy materials processing market starts on page 16. German company IREMA FILTER GmbH has undertaken some recent development work in the area of finding how the right balance between energy efficiency and electrostatics can be struck in new synthetic media. Read Dr. Andreas Seeberger’s article on pages 22-25. Iron contamination can be a difficult problem for water filtration systems to deal with for agricultural, industrial and municipal applications. Starting on page 26, Daniel Ityel of Amiad Filtration Systems outlines the problems and introduces a new method of micro-fibre filtration after oxidation. Filter testing and fluid contamination analysis are essential in a great many industrial processes. Automatic Particle Counters and Fluid Contamination Monitors often play a vital role in this work. However, their roles are different and the ways in which they are used need to be properly understood. See our article from IFTS on pages 29-33. Membrane bioreactor technology continues to feature regularly in the pages of this magazine. In this issue we highlight a couple of recent projects in the USA, one in California and one in Alabama, where membrane bioreactors have been the preferred solution to meet strict environmental constraints in wastewater treatment. We have published a full features programme for the year ahead. However, as always, if you would like us to cover any other topics then I would be delighted to hear from you. Best regards
Electronic Storage or Usage Permission of the Publisher is required to store or use electronically any material contained in this journal, including any article or part of an article. Except as outlined above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Publisher. Address permissions requests to: Elsevier Global Rights Department, at the mail, fax and e-mail addresses noted above. Notice No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/ or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. Although all advertising material is expected to conform to ethical (medical) standards, inclusion in this publication does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quality or value of such product or of the claims made of it by its manufacturer.
Filtration+Separation – our environmental policy
Journal Number: 02127
We are committed to reducing our environmental impact wherever possible, by limiting resource use and efficiently employing sustainable materials and technologies. This magazine is printed on a type of paper known as Apollo Gloss, which is manufactured from ECF pulp (bleached without using elemental chlorine) produced from renewable forest resources. The cover is produced using a water-based laminate.
Printed by: Headley Brothers Ltd, UK.
for further information about our environmental policies, please visit www.reedelsevier.com.
Free circulation enquiries Gaelle Hull Elsevier Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxon, OX5 1GB, UK. E-mail: [email protected]
contact:
ELSEVIER LTD PO Box 150, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1AS, UK. Fax: +44 (0)1865 843973.
Editor Mark Holmes Tel: +44 (0)1865 843441 E-mail: [email protected]
Advertising Sales Manager, Benelux Rodric Leerling, Sales Director E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +31 229 841882 Fax: +31 847 488240 Europe (excluding Germany, Switzerland and Austria) and Rest of World Tanya McClelland, Account Manager Tel: +44 (0) 1932 564999 E-mail: [email protected]
www.filtsep.com
Germany, Switzerland and Austria Christian Hölscher, Sales Director Tel: +49 (0) 89 95002778 E-mail: [email protected] North America Dan Manioci, Sales Manager Tel: +1 212 268 3344 E-mail: [email protected]
Advertising copy Tel: +44 (0) 1865 843819 E-mail: [email protected] Commercial Director & Publisher Greg Valero Tel: +1 212 633 3105 E-mail: [email protected] Production Production support manager: Lin Lucas
1
Filtration+Separation January/February 2011
Fuels of the future Leading the world of filtration
Filtration+Separation is covered in the Current Contents®/ Engineering, Computing & Technology (CC®/EC&T) online database and in the Research Alert® current awareness service. Subscriptions An annual subscription to Filtration+Separation includes 6 printed issues per year in January/February, March/April, May/June, July/August, September/October, November/December and costs: €405 for all European countries & Iran US$454 for all countries except Europe and Japan ¥53,900 for Japan (Prices valid until 31/12/11) Please send payment to: Filtration+Separation USA Postmaster send all USA address corrections to: Customers in Europe, Middle East and Africa: Elsevier Journals Customer Service & Fulfilment Department The Boulevard, Langford Lane Kidlington OX5 1GB United Kingdom Tel: (+44) (0)1865 843434 / Fax: (+44) (0)1865 843970 Email: [email protected] Customers in Asia and Australasia: Elsevier Journals Customer Service & Fulfilment Department 3 Killiney Road # 08-01 Winsland House 1 SINGAPORE 239519 Tel: (+65) 6349 0222 / Fax: (+65) 6733 1510 Email: [email protected] Customers in the United States & Canada: Elsevier Journals Customer Service & Fulfilment Department 3251 Riverport Lane Maryland Heights, MO 63043 USA Tel: (+1) 314 447 8878 / Toll: (+1) 877 839 7126 Fax: ( +1) 314 447 8077 Email: [email protected] Customers in Japan: Elsevier Journals Customer Service & Fulfilment Department Higashi Azabu Bldg. 4F 1-9-15 HigashiAzabu Minatu-Ku Tokyo 106-0044 JAPAN Tel: (+81) 3 55615037 Fax: (+81) 3 55615047 Email: JournalsCustomerServiceJapan@ elsevier.com Periodicals postage is paid at Rahway, NJ and additional mailing offices. Missing issues: Responsibility cannot be accepted by the Publishers after six months. The opinions expressed by individuals in this publication are not necessarily those of Elsevier Ltd, who shall not be held responsible for them. All trademarks acknowledged. ISSN 0015-1882/11 © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This journal and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by Elsevier Ltd, and the following terms and conditions apply to their use: Photocopying Single photocopies of single articles may be made for personal use as allowed by national copyright laws. Permission of the Publisher and payment of a fee is required for all other photocopying, including multiple or systematic copying, copying for advertising or promotional purposes, resale, and all forms of document delivery. Special rates are available for educational institutions that wish to make photocopies for non-profit educational classroom use. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier Science Global Rights Department, P.O. Box 800, Oxford OX5 1DX, UK; Tel: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@ elsevier.com. You may also contact Global Rights directly through Elsevier's homepage (http://www.elsevier.com), by selecting 'Obtaining Permissions'. In the USA, users may clear permissions and make payments through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; Tel: (+1) (978) 7508400, fax: (+1) (978) 7504744, and in the UK through the Copyright Licensing Agency Rapid Clearance Service (CLARCS), 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP, UK; Tel: +44 (0)20 7631 5555; fax: +44 (0)20 7631 5500. Other countries may have a local reprographic rights agency for payments. Derivative Works Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution. Permission of the Publisher is required for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations.
Welcome to the first issue of Filtration + Separation for 2011. Our first cover story of the year concerns the important area of energy materials processing. We review the current state of affairs within the conventional fossil fuels sector, but as we are all too well aware the future energy requirements of the world will need to come from a much wider range of sources. Renewable biofuels are one of those options being touted as a sustainable alternative, and filters and other separation equipment have an important role to play. Our review of the energy materials processing market starts on page 16. German company IREMA FILTER GmbH has undertaken some recent development work in the area of finding how the right balance between energy efficiency and electrostatics can be struck in new synthetic media. Read Dr. Andreas Seeberger’s article on pages 22-25. Iron contamination can be a difficult problem for water filtration systems to deal with for agricultural, industrial and municipal applications. Starting on page 26, Daniel Ityel of Amiad Filtration Systems outlines the problems and introduces a new method of micro-fibre filtration after oxidation. Filter testing and fluid contamination analysis are essential in a great many industrial processes. Automatic Particle Counters and Fluid Contamination Monitors often play a vital role in this work. However, their roles are different and the ways in which they are used need to be properly understood. See our article from IFTS on pages 29-33. Membrane bioreactor technology continues to feature regularly in the pages of this magazine. In this issue we highlight a couple of recent projects in the USA, one in California and one in Alabama, where membrane bioreactors have been the preferred solution to meet strict environmental constraints in wastewater treatment. We have published a full features programme for the year ahead. However, as always, if you would like us to cover any other topics then I would be delighted to hear from you. Best regards
Electronic Storage or Usage Permission of the Publisher is required to store or use electronically any material contained in this journal, including any article or part of an article. Except as outlined above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Publisher. Address permissions requests to: Elsevier Global Rights Department, at the mail, fax and e-mail addresses noted above. Notice No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/ or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. Although all advertising material is expected to conform to ethical (medical) standards, inclusion in this publication does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quality or value of such product or of the claims made of it by its manufacturer.
Filtration+Separation – our environmental policy
Journal Number: 02127
We are committed to reducing our environmental impact wherever possible, by limiting resource use and efficiently employing sustainable materials and technologies. This magazine is printed on a type of paper known as Apollo Gloss, which is manufactured from ECF pulp (bleached without using elemental chlorine) produced from renewable forest resources. The cover is produced using a water-based laminate.
Printed by: Headley Brothers Ltd, UK.
for further information about our environmental policies, please visit www.reedelsevier.com.
Free circulation enquiries Gaelle Hull Elsevier Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxon, OX5 1GB, UK. E-mail: [email protected]
contact:
ELSEVIER LTD PO Box 150, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1AS, UK. Fax: +44 (0)1865 843973.
Editor Mark Holmes Tel: +44 (0)1865 843441 E-mail: [email protected]
Advertising Sales Manager, Benelux Rodric Leerling, Sales Director E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +31 229 841882 Fax: +31 847 488240 Europe (excluding Germany, Switzerland and Austria) and Rest of World Tanya McClelland, Account Manager Tel: +44 (0) 1932 564999 E-mail: [email protected]
www.filtsep.com
Germany, Switzerland and Austria Christian Hölscher, Sales Director Tel: +49 (0) 89 95002778 E-mail: [email protected] North America Dan Manioci, Sales Manager Tel: +1 212 268 3344 E-mail: [email protected]
Advertising copy Tel: +44 (0) 1865 843819 E-mail: [email protected] Commercial Director & Publisher Greg Valero Tel: +1 212 633 3105 E-mail: [email protected] Production Production support manager: Lin Lucas
1