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Full face tunnelling machines — development in the 1980s
246A 904394 Full face tunnelling machines - development in the 1980s Peach, A J Proc S A N C O T Seminar on Mechanised Underground Excavation, November 1989 P5-21. Publ South Africa." Goldfields Press, 1989
The developments that have occurred in the construction of tunnel boring machines since 1845 are examined. The benefits accompanying these developments for both civil and mining industries are outlined. These include reduced costs of tunnel construction, ability to excavate in grounds once considered impossible, improved advance rates and more data made available to machine designers.
904395 The Great Belt Tunnel boring project: the development of twin tunnels under the Baltic Sea lnce, G Proe S A N C O T Seminar on Mechanised Underground Excavation, November 1989 P23-25. Publ South Africa. Goldfields Press. 1989
9O4398 Field measurements at a multiple tunnel interaction site Lo, K W; Chang, L K; Leung, C F; Lee, S L: Makino, H: Mihara, T Proc 2nd International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomeehanics, Kobe, 6-9 April 1987 I/2, P881-889. Publ Rotterdam. A A Balkema, 1988 Field measurements were made at the site of 4 intersecting tunnels driven through stiff to hard alluvium. Ground surface settlement, pore water pressures, lining loads and lining distortion were monitored. Results are discussed.
9O4399 Results of the tunnel crossing intersection measurements under different conditions Fukao, N; Takebayashi, T Proc 2nd International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics, Kobe, 6-9 April 1987 V2, P891-900. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988
The construction of two 8km tunnels under the Baltic Sea is described. Due to the complex and varying ground conditions, special tunnel boring machines will be used. The choice of and factors influencing this choice of an earth pressure balance machine are also described.
Twin tunnels driven through andesite and tuffaceous rocks are interconnected by 3 connect tunnels. Design and excavation of the intersections are described, along with monitoring carried out during excavation. At number one intersection in soft tuff, monitoring was by bolt axial force meters and extensometers, whilst at number two in jointed andesite, roof settlement and convergence were also monitored. At number 3 in good andesite, roof settlement was measured.
9O4396 Environmental and geotechnical considerations for the use of bored tunnels in urban areas McFeat-Smith, I Proe Symposium on Environmental Geotechnics and Problematic Soils and Rocks, Bangkok, December 1985 P217227. Publ Rotterdam." A A Balkema. 1988
904400 Adaptability of convergence forecasting method for controlling tunnel construction Seki, J; Okada, M; Inoue, H; Miwa, T Proc 2nd International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics, Kobe, 6-9 April 1987 V2, P907-916. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988
Bored tunnels have many advantages over shallow excavations in urban areas, in terms of reduced environmental disruption at the construction phase, economics, and safety. Specialist skills and knowledge are required for their successful completion. Preliminary feasibility, site investigation and design stages are described, with particular interest in areas of low cover or urban environment. Selection of the method of ground control, and excavation methods for soft ground and rock are discussed. Construction program details and their optimisation are finally considered.
The forecasting of displacement during tunnel excavation is considered. An exponential equation is developed to approximate the observed correlation between deformation of a tunnel and distance to the face. The method is then applied to forecasting displacement in the upper half excavation stage of a tunnel excavated by benching, showing that it can forecast displacement with increasing precision as the tunnel advances. The method is then extended to forecast convergence of the lower half excavation stage.
904397 Example of measurements on the 'behavior of oblate and large section tunnel in unconsolidated ground Yamashita, Y; Fujiwara, T Proc 2nd International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics, Kobe, 6-9 April 1987 V2, P871-880. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988 Behaviour of a large, oblate tunnel constructed through unconsolidated ground with overburden ranging from 3.5m35.5m in depth was monitored. The tunnel was supported by shotcrete, steel supports and rock bolts. Deformational behaviour, rock bolt axial forces and primary lining stress are described.
9O4401 Countermeasures for ground displacement in earth pressure balance shield tunnelling Miyazaki, W; Hatakeyama, T; Komori, M Proc 2nd International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics, Kobe, 6-9 April 1987 i/2, P917-926. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988 The earth pressure balance shield method is increasingly adopted to drive tunnels through soft clay ground with minimum disturbance to peripheral ground. Trial tunnels were driven to determine optimum control values for shield tunnelling. Values were derived for cutter pressures, muck ratio, cutter rotation, and backfill grouting pressure. This successfully minimised displacement although some post-tunnelling settlement still occurred.
© 1990 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted
The developments that have occurred in the construction of tunnel boring machines since 1845 are examined. The benefits accompanying these developments for both civil and mining industries are outlined. These include reduced costs of tunnel construction, ability to excavate in grounds once considered impossible, improved advance rates and more data made available to machine designers.
904395 The Great Belt Tunnel boring project: the development of twin tunnels under the Baltic Sea lnce, G Proe S A N C O T Seminar on Mechanised Underground Excavation, November 1989 P23-25. Publ South Africa. Goldfields Press. 1989
9O4398 Field measurements at a multiple tunnel interaction site Lo, K W; Chang, L K; Leung, C F; Lee, S L: Makino, H: Mihara, T Proc 2nd International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomeehanics, Kobe, 6-9 April 1987 I/2, P881-889. Publ Rotterdam. A A Balkema, 1988 Field measurements were made at the site of 4 intersecting tunnels driven through stiff to hard alluvium. Ground surface settlement, pore water pressures, lining loads and lining distortion were monitored. Results are discussed.
9O4399 Results of the tunnel crossing intersection measurements under different conditions Fukao, N; Takebayashi, T Proc 2nd International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics, Kobe, 6-9 April 1987 V2, P891-900. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988
The construction of two 8km tunnels under the Baltic Sea is described. Due to the complex and varying ground conditions, special tunnel boring machines will be used. The choice of and factors influencing this choice of an earth pressure balance machine are also described.
Twin tunnels driven through andesite and tuffaceous rocks are interconnected by 3 connect tunnels. Design and excavation of the intersections are described, along with monitoring carried out during excavation. At number one intersection in soft tuff, monitoring was by bolt axial force meters and extensometers, whilst at number two in jointed andesite, roof settlement and convergence were also monitored. At number 3 in good andesite, roof settlement was measured.
9O4396 Environmental and geotechnical considerations for the use of bored tunnels in urban areas McFeat-Smith, I Proe Symposium on Environmental Geotechnics and Problematic Soils and Rocks, Bangkok, December 1985 P217227. Publ Rotterdam." A A Balkema. 1988
904400 Adaptability of convergence forecasting method for controlling tunnel construction Seki, J; Okada, M; Inoue, H; Miwa, T Proc 2nd International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics, Kobe, 6-9 April 1987 V2, P907-916. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988
Bored tunnels have many advantages over shallow excavations in urban areas, in terms of reduced environmental disruption at the construction phase, economics, and safety. Specialist skills and knowledge are required for their successful completion. Preliminary feasibility, site investigation and design stages are described, with particular interest in areas of low cover or urban environment. Selection of the method of ground control, and excavation methods for soft ground and rock are discussed. Construction program details and their optimisation are finally considered.
The forecasting of displacement during tunnel excavation is considered. An exponential equation is developed to approximate the observed correlation between deformation of a tunnel and distance to the face. The method is then applied to forecasting displacement in the upper half excavation stage of a tunnel excavated by benching, showing that it can forecast displacement with increasing precision as the tunnel advances. The method is then extended to forecast convergence of the lower half excavation stage.
904397 Example of measurements on the 'behavior of oblate and large section tunnel in unconsolidated ground Yamashita, Y; Fujiwara, T Proc 2nd International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics, Kobe, 6-9 April 1987 V2, P871-880. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988 Behaviour of a large, oblate tunnel constructed through unconsolidated ground with overburden ranging from 3.5m35.5m in depth was monitored. The tunnel was supported by shotcrete, steel supports and rock bolts. Deformational behaviour, rock bolt axial forces and primary lining stress are described.
9O4401 Countermeasures for ground displacement in earth pressure balance shield tunnelling Miyazaki, W; Hatakeyama, T; Komori, M Proc 2nd International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics, Kobe, 6-9 April 1987 i/2, P917-926. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988 The earth pressure balance shield method is increasingly adopted to drive tunnels through soft clay ground with minimum disturbance to peripheral ground. Trial tunnels were driven to determine optimum control values for shield tunnelling. Values were derived for cutter pressures, muck ratio, cutter rotation, and backfill grouting pressure. This successfully minimised displacement although some post-tunnelling settlement still occurred.
© 1990 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted