- Email: [email protected]
Functional mapping of glomeruli of the antennal lobe in the honeybee, Apis mellifera
456
Abstracts
propose a novel method to identify and track multiple honeybees from video images. The proposed method applies the vector quantization method to each frame and classifies it into candidate regions of honeybee body, hive, background and others. Honeybee regions are separated into the regions of single or plural honeybee body based on honeybee body size. In order to detect individual honeybee, unique ID number is assigned on each single honeybee region that is extracted by former processing. In plural honeybee region, it is labeled by the segmentation into single honeybee regions from the relation of the consecutive frames. Thus, the identified honeybees are tracked in the hive.
mathematical model. Thus, we analyzed locomotion patterns of all of 753 bees (including 4 dancers and 25 followers) on a comb by tracking individuals from a 10-seconds movie and found that bees did not walk so much long distance for 10 seconds while the maximum distance per second was 2 cm. They tended to keep the angle of the body relative to the gravity. On the other hand directions they walked toward appeared random. We will discuss these results with consideration of bee dancing and foraging behavior. doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.09.036
doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.09.034 36. Functional mapping of glomeruli of the antennal lobe in the honeybee, Apis mellifera 34. A movement index for evaluation of honeybee activity in the observation hive Hidetoshi Ikeno a, Ryuichi Okada b, Mizue Ohashi a, Toshifumi Kimura a, Tadaaki Akamatsu a, Etsuro Ito b, a Sch. Hum. Sci, Env., Univ. Hyogo, Himeji 670-0092, Japan; b Kagawa Sch. Phamaceu. Sci., Tokushima Bunri Univ., Sanuki 769-2193, Japan Conditions in the honeybee hive are regulated by various activities of individuals. It is well-known that their activities are affected by environmental factors, such as, temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration inside and outside of the colony. Therefore, in order to evaluate spacio-tempral activities of whole colony, it is important to detect the movements of honeybees according to the environmental changes. However, activity of honeybees in the whole hive was difficult to evaluate because of vast number of honeybees and their interactions. Colony observation by movie is a potential technique to evaluate behavior of vast number of honeybees and their interactions. Usually, movement of an object is detected from difference of pixel values in the time series of image data, but this method is difficult to apply to the problem, which contains various speeds and object sizes. In the case of honeybees in the hive, object (honeybee) sizes are similar, but moving speed is changed by time variously. In this study, we applied the Wavelet analysis for detecting slow and fast components of honeybee movements precisely. It is shown that activity of whole colony can be quantified by our movement index. The index values are shown to correspond with environmental conditions in the hive.
Hiroshi Nishino a, Michiko Nishikawa b, Fumio Yokohari b, a Res Inst Elect Sci, Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; b Dept of Earth System Sci, Fukuoka Univ., Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan In the primary olfactory center of vertebrates and invertebrates, glomeruli are the relay stations where sensory neurons expressing the same odorant receptors converge onto interneurons. Although glomerular mapping according to odor specificity has been achieved in rodents and fruit flies, we have a limited understanding of afferent terminal organization with respect to the peripheral locations of their receptor neurons. In most insects, sensory afferents from sensilla on the antero-dorsal surface and the postero-ventral surface of the flagellum form two nerves of almost equal thicknesses. In this study, double labeling of the two nerves, or proximal/distal regions of the nerves, with fluorescent dyes was used to investigate topographic organization of sensory afferents in the honeybee. In all glomeruli including male-specific glomerular complexes, termination fields of afferents from the two nerves almost completely overlapped; this differs from moths and cockroaches which show heterogeneous terminations in the glomerular complex. In contrast, sensory neurons originating from the more distal flagellar segments tended to terminate in the more proximal regions of the cortical layer, relative to the axonal entry point. These results suggest that some degree of somatotopic organization of sensory afferents exists in glomeruli of the honeybee.
doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.09.037 doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.09.035
35. Locomotion patterns of honeybee in the hive Ryuichi Okada a, Hidetoshi Ikeno b, Toshifumi Kimura b, Mizue Ohashi b, Hitoshi Aonuma c, Etsuro Ito a, a Kagawa Sch. Phamaceu. Sci., Tokushima bunri Univ., Sanuki 769-2193, Japan; b Sch. Human Sci, Env., Univ. Hyogo, Himeji 670-0092, Japan; c Res. Inst. Electron. Sci., Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo 060-0812, Japan Honeybees inform the location of a profitable food source that she has visited of her nestmates by using a waggle dance. In order to examine the efficacy of the dance behavior on colony maintenance, we are constructing a mathematical model and trying to incorporate as many biological parameters as possible. For example, behavioral states of bees inside of the hive, movements of a dancer, and dance precision in direction for and distance of the food source from the hive. However, no detailed observations about locomotion patterns of bees inside of the hive has been available for a
37. Expression of splicing variants of pdf gene in Honeybee; Apis mellifera Miho Sumiyoshi a, Yukimasa Takeda b, Seiji Sato b, Keita Koga b, Yasuyuki Shimohigashi b, Miki Shimohigashi a, a Department Biol., Fac. Sci., Fukuoka Univ., Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; b Department Chem., Fac. of Sci., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan Pigment-dispersing factor (PDF), an 18-amino acid neuropeptide, is a pacemaker hormone which plays an important role in the output circuit from the biological clock in the insect locomotor rhythm. In the honeybee Apis mellifera, the distinct locomotor rhythm is observed in the old bees, but not the young ones. We have recently carried out the cDNA cloning and the quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) to explore the relationship between the pdf mRNA expression and the locomotor rhythm. The results of detailed cDNA cloning have revealed that there are seven different mature pdf mRNAs in Apis brain. Those are afforded by a combination of single alternative splicing mechanism
Abstracts
propose a novel method to identify and track multiple honeybees from video images. The proposed method applies the vector quantization method to each frame and classifies it into candidate regions of honeybee body, hive, background and others. Honeybee regions are separated into the regions of single or plural honeybee body based on honeybee body size. In order to detect individual honeybee, unique ID number is assigned on each single honeybee region that is extracted by former processing. In plural honeybee region, it is labeled by the segmentation into single honeybee regions from the relation of the consecutive frames. Thus, the identified honeybees are tracked in the hive.
mathematical model. Thus, we analyzed locomotion patterns of all of 753 bees (including 4 dancers and 25 followers) on a comb by tracking individuals from a 10-seconds movie and found that bees did not walk so much long distance for 10 seconds while the maximum distance per second was 2 cm. They tended to keep the angle of the body relative to the gravity. On the other hand directions they walked toward appeared random. We will discuss these results with consideration of bee dancing and foraging behavior. doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.09.036
doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.09.034 36. Functional mapping of glomeruli of the antennal lobe in the honeybee, Apis mellifera 34. A movement index for evaluation of honeybee activity in the observation hive Hidetoshi Ikeno a, Ryuichi Okada b, Mizue Ohashi a, Toshifumi Kimura a, Tadaaki Akamatsu a, Etsuro Ito b, a Sch. Hum. Sci, Env., Univ. Hyogo, Himeji 670-0092, Japan; b Kagawa Sch. Phamaceu. Sci., Tokushima Bunri Univ., Sanuki 769-2193, Japan Conditions in the honeybee hive are regulated by various activities of individuals. It is well-known that their activities are affected by environmental factors, such as, temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration inside and outside of the colony. Therefore, in order to evaluate spacio-tempral activities of whole colony, it is important to detect the movements of honeybees according to the environmental changes. However, activity of honeybees in the whole hive was difficult to evaluate because of vast number of honeybees and their interactions. Colony observation by movie is a potential technique to evaluate behavior of vast number of honeybees and their interactions. Usually, movement of an object is detected from difference of pixel values in the time series of image data, but this method is difficult to apply to the problem, which contains various speeds and object sizes. In the case of honeybees in the hive, object (honeybee) sizes are similar, but moving speed is changed by time variously. In this study, we applied the Wavelet analysis for detecting slow and fast components of honeybee movements precisely. It is shown that activity of whole colony can be quantified by our movement index. The index values are shown to correspond with environmental conditions in the hive.
Hiroshi Nishino a, Michiko Nishikawa b, Fumio Yokohari b, a Res Inst Elect Sci, Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; b Dept of Earth System Sci, Fukuoka Univ., Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan In the primary olfactory center of vertebrates and invertebrates, glomeruli are the relay stations where sensory neurons expressing the same odorant receptors converge onto interneurons. Although glomerular mapping according to odor specificity has been achieved in rodents and fruit flies, we have a limited understanding of afferent terminal organization with respect to the peripheral locations of their receptor neurons. In most insects, sensory afferents from sensilla on the antero-dorsal surface and the postero-ventral surface of the flagellum form two nerves of almost equal thicknesses. In this study, double labeling of the two nerves, or proximal/distal regions of the nerves, with fluorescent dyes was used to investigate topographic organization of sensory afferents in the honeybee. In all glomeruli including male-specific glomerular complexes, termination fields of afferents from the two nerves almost completely overlapped; this differs from moths and cockroaches which show heterogeneous terminations in the glomerular complex. In contrast, sensory neurons originating from the more distal flagellar segments tended to terminate in the more proximal regions of the cortical layer, relative to the axonal entry point. These results suggest that some degree of somatotopic organization of sensory afferents exists in glomeruli of the honeybee.
doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.09.037 doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.09.035
35. Locomotion patterns of honeybee in the hive Ryuichi Okada a, Hidetoshi Ikeno b, Toshifumi Kimura b, Mizue Ohashi b, Hitoshi Aonuma c, Etsuro Ito a, a Kagawa Sch. Phamaceu. Sci., Tokushima bunri Univ., Sanuki 769-2193, Japan; b Sch. Human Sci, Env., Univ. Hyogo, Himeji 670-0092, Japan; c Res. Inst. Electron. Sci., Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo 060-0812, Japan Honeybees inform the location of a profitable food source that she has visited of her nestmates by using a waggle dance. In order to examine the efficacy of the dance behavior on colony maintenance, we are constructing a mathematical model and trying to incorporate as many biological parameters as possible. For example, behavioral states of bees inside of the hive, movements of a dancer, and dance precision in direction for and distance of the food source from the hive. However, no detailed observations about locomotion patterns of bees inside of the hive has been available for a
37. Expression of splicing variants of pdf gene in Honeybee; Apis mellifera Miho Sumiyoshi a, Yukimasa Takeda b, Seiji Sato b, Keita Koga b, Yasuyuki Shimohigashi b, Miki Shimohigashi a, a Department Biol., Fac. Sci., Fukuoka Univ., Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; b Department Chem., Fac. of Sci., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan Pigment-dispersing factor (PDF), an 18-amino acid neuropeptide, is a pacemaker hormone which plays an important role in the output circuit from the biological clock in the insect locomotor rhythm. In the honeybee Apis mellifera, the distinct locomotor rhythm is observed in the old bees, but not the young ones. We have recently carried out the cDNA cloning and the quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) to explore the relationship between the pdf mRNA expression and the locomotor rhythm. The results of detailed cDNA cloning have revealed that there are seven different mature pdf mRNAs in Apis brain. Those are afforded by a combination of single alternative splicing mechanism