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Fundal height and bladder fullness
sitions. All were handled without any neonatal morbidity. Cesarean sections were performed according to the protocol whenever labor failed to progress according to Friedman’s criteria or whenever the patient failed to meet the basic protocol criteria. This resulted in a cesarean section rate of approximately 50%. The authors stress the importance of using this protocol only when the capability to provide operative delivery within 5 min is available. Effects of Moderate cohol Consumption
Maternal
Al-
Tennes K, Blackard C. Maternal alcohol consumption, birth weight, and minor physical anomalies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 138: 774, 1980. Although the adverse effects of heavy alcohol exposure on neonatal development are generally accepted, the effects of prenatal exposure to moderate amounts of alcohol have not been documented. This study attempts to describe the effects of moderate socially prevalent amounts of alcohol consumption and to determine whether there is a partial expression of the fetal alcohol syndrome in the offspring of the moderate drinkers. In the final data analysis 278 infant-mother dyads were followed through pregnancy and delivey. Mothers were interviewed in detail about their use of alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, or other
drugs during their pregnancies, and their infants were carefully examined according to a comprehensive standardized examination for minor anomalies thought to be part of the fetal alcohol syndrome. Alcohol consumption showed no significant correlation with birthweight, birth length, or head circumference. Minor physical anomalies associated with fetal alcohol syndrome were no more common in infants exposed to moderate alcohol in the first trimester nor significantly related to total alcohol consumption throughout the pregnancy. These results suggest that there is not a linear dose-response relationship between alcohol use and birth weight or development of certain fetal anomalies. Fundal ness
Height
and Bladder
dal height with full bladder and height with empty bladder. The average drop in fundal height after voiding was 2.0-3.1 centimeters. Sonographic pictures showing a full bladder pushing a 14-week uterine fundus above the umbilicus makes the authors’ point.
Full-
Worthen N, Bustillo M. Effect of urinary bladder fullness on fundal height measurements. Am J Obstet Gynecol
138759,
1980.
This small study reports the extent to which a full bladder can alter fundal height measurements. One hundred seventeen obstetric patients, ranging in gestation from 13 to 36 weeks, were studied ultrasonographically before and after emptying their bladders. Measurements were taken at both times using a plastic tape. Although five patients showed no change in fundal height some patients showed a 7-cm difference between fun-
Journal of Nurse-Midwifery
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease-A Worldwide Problem St. John R, Brown S (eds.) Interna-
tional symposium on pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 138845, 1980. This special issue contains over 50 papers given at this symposium held at the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta. They cover all aspects of this growing and serious problem: its social consequences, economic impact, risk factors, the spectrum of clinical pictures seen around the world, its microbiological aspects, prevention and control in both developed and developing countries. New perspectives on the risks of PID for IUD users and the possible protective effects of oral contraceptives are claimed. Stress is also put upon the long term effects of PID, such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic PID, all of which are growing and difficult problems in the less-developed countries of Africa, Asia, and South America. Diagnosis of PID, isolation of the causative organism, and appropriate therapy are discussed in great depth as well.
o Vol. 26, No. 4. July/August
198:
Maternal
Al-
Tennes K, Blackard C. Maternal alcohol consumption, birth weight, and minor physical anomalies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 138: 774, 1980. Although the adverse effects of heavy alcohol exposure on neonatal development are generally accepted, the effects of prenatal exposure to moderate amounts of alcohol have not been documented. This study attempts to describe the effects of moderate socially prevalent amounts of alcohol consumption and to determine whether there is a partial expression of the fetal alcohol syndrome in the offspring of the moderate drinkers. In the final data analysis 278 infant-mother dyads were followed through pregnancy and delivey. Mothers were interviewed in detail about their use of alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, or other
drugs during their pregnancies, and their infants were carefully examined according to a comprehensive standardized examination for minor anomalies thought to be part of the fetal alcohol syndrome. Alcohol consumption showed no significant correlation with birthweight, birth length, or head circumference. Minor physical anomalies associated with fetal alcohol syndrome were no more common in infants exposed to moderate alcohol in the first trimester nor significantly related to total alcohol consumption throughout the pregnancy. These results suggest that there is not a linear dose-response relationship between alcohol use and birth weight or development of certain fetal anomalies. Fundal ness
Height
and Bladder
dal height with full bladder and height with empty bladder. The average drop in fundal height after voiding was 2.0-3.1 centimeters. Sonographic pictures showing a full bladder pushing a 14-week uterine fundus above the umbilicus makes the authors’ point.
Full-
Worthen N, Bustillo M. Effect of urinary bladder fullness on fundal height measurements. Am J Obstet Gynecol
138759,
1980.
This small study reports the extent to which a full bladder can alter fundal height measurements. One hundred seventeen obstetric patients, ranging in gestation from 13 to 36 weeks, were studied ultrasonographically before and after emptying their bladders. Measurements were taken at both times using a plastic tape. Although five patients showed no change in fundal height some patients showed a 7-cm difference between fun-
Journal of Nurse-Midwifery
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease-A Worldwide Problem St. John R, Brown S (eds.) Interna-
tional symposium on pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 138845, 1980. This special issue contains over 50 papers given at this symposium held at the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta. They cover all aspects of this growing and serious problem: its social consequences, economic impact, risk factors, the spectrum of clinical pictures seen around the world, its microbiological aspects, prevention and control in both developed and developing countries. New perspectives on the risks of PID for IUD users and the possible protective effects of oral contraceptives are claimed. Stress is also put upon the long term effects of PID, such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic PID, all of which are growing and difficult problems in the less-developed countries of Africa, Asia, and South America. Diagnosis of PID, isolation of the causative organism, and appropriate therapy are discussed in great depth as well.
o Vol. 26, No. 4. July/August
198: