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Fungi new to Britain
Fig. Fig.
Fig. Fig.
growth and development of the chlamydospores. x about 1,000. 15. Successive stages in the development of a chlamydospore at the margin of the same colony; a at 11.50,b at 3.30, c at 5.10, and d at 8 p.m. x about 1,000. 16. Transverse section across a colony such as Fig. I, showing the ridges covered with chlamydospores and yeasts embedded in a gelatinous mass, and the hyphae below similarly gelatinous. Hardened in Keiser's fluid and stained with Haematoxylin x about 80. 17. Part of the lower portion of the mycelium of last preparation Y about qoo, showing hyphae embedded in gelatinous matrix. 18. Part of a ridge of Fig. 16 showing chlamydospores and their hyphae embedded in jelly. x about 400.
FUNGI N E W TO BRITAIN. By Annie Lorrain Smith.
Entomophthora Poorrana A. L. Sm. Journ. Roy. Micros. Soc. 1900, p. 442, pl. iii., fig. I. H y p h z abundant, interwoven, breaking up into short lengths, varying in width from 5 p upwards, septate ; resting spores formed in an intercalary manner on anastomosing hyphae, globose, varying from 25 p t o 4 0 p in diameter, with a thick yellowish epispore and granular contents. Found in the tissue of a rabbit that had been buried in a garden a t Isleworth, about gin. beneath the surface of the soil, until almost disintegrated. Oospora coccinm Sacc. and Vogl. Sy11. Fung. Vol. IV., p. 21. T u f t s minute, separate or confluent, brick-red to vermillion, fertile hyphae erect or spreading, lax or intricately compact in the mass, sparingly and irregularly branched, straight or slightly wavy, paler than the conidia, 100-140 p long by 4-6 p thick below, thicker and somewhat moniliform above, preparatory to the formation of conidia; conidia plentiful, globose, 11 p to 18 p in diameter, brick-red, in simple or branched chains. O n cat's dung, Halifax, 22nd Februarv, 1899. Naturalist, Jan. 1900, p. 8,
C!?docepha/urn glomerulosum Sacc. Syll. Fung. Vol. IV., p. 47.
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Tufts gregarious, rose-coloured; fertile hyphae mm. long, septate, cylindrical, slightly attenuated upwards, the apex terminating in a verrucose vesicle ; conidia large, ovate 25 x I 2 p, pallid rose-coloured, with an apiculate base, forming a subsphaerical head. Growing on Tubcrcularia and Sclerotia on branches of trees. Found in Mulgrave Woods, Yorkshire, September 1900. Mr. C. Crossland. Botrytis dichotoma Corda.
Ic. Fung. I., p. 18, fig. 244. Tufts minute, fugacious, whitish cinnamon coloured ; fertile hyphae erect, dichotomous, spreading, terminal branches, obtuse slightly curved inwards, colourless; spores numerous spherical, cinnamon-yellow. Found by Mr. Greenwood Pim on a decaying stem in his garden, Co. Dublin. Irish Nat., p. 98, 1900. It is to be regretted that Mr. Greenwood Pim did not complete the defective description of this interesting fungus. Symb. Myc., p. 357. Forming effused, velvety, rusty-brown spots ; mycelium spreading just under the cuticle, finally penetrating and blackening the tissue ; conidiophores upright, short, nodulose, irregular in form, denticulate at the tips, usually about 20 p in height ; conidia ovate-fusiform, 15-30 p by about 7 h one-celled, brownish-yellow, smooth, solitary, or two or more on the same conidiophore. Parasitic on the leaves and fruit of Pyrus communis, Worcester and Hereford. June I 900. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 1900, P. 424. Fusicladium pyrinum Fckl.
Hclminthosporium gramineum Rabenh. Herb. Myc. 332.
Forming elongate pallid spots with a brown edge, fertile hyphae solitary or in clusters, erect, often angularly bent, brown ; conidia yellowish-brown, straight, cylindrical, 1-5 septate, 50-100 x 14-20 p. O n leaves of barley, from Hertfordshire. Rhuria albida Gillet.
Discom. p. 36, with plate. Ascophores 2-3 cm. diam,, disc concave, stem short, even, margin spreading, fleshy-cartilaginous (not fragile), pale wax yellow, exterior albo-hrfuraceous of little heaps of loose, sub-globose, thick-walled detached cells ; asci cylindrical, apex sub-truncate 200-220 x 9-10 p, spores occupying less than half the space when mature, obliquely uniseriate, elliptic, hyaline, smooth, 10-12 x 7-8 p; paraphyses linear, or apex slightly swollen, septate, longer than the ascl. Warehouse yard, Halifax, June 1895, and Sept. 1896. Collected by Mr. H. T. Soppitt. Mr. Crossland. Naturalist, Jan. 1900, p. 7. C
Burluea Persoonii Sacc. Syll. Fung. VIII., p. I 17. Ascophore sessile on a narrow base, hemispherical then expanded, disc plane or undulate, 4-8 mm. across, wholly pale-dingy amethyst, glabrous, margin rather obtuse, flesh waxy-brittle 1'5-2 mm. thick ; excipulum parenchymatous, cells globose or elongated 35-60 p (longest diameter), hyaline, cortex thin of not more than 1-2 layers of globose cells 2 0 p in diameter ; hypothecial cells small and almost indistinguishable in outline ; asci cylindrical, 200-210 x 13-14 p, apex rounded, pedicel narrow ; spores eight, uniseriate, hyaline, spherical, rough, 1-2 guttulate, 9-5-1-1 p in diameter ; paraphyses cylindrical, simple or branched, septate, hyaline, 3-4 p thick, apex always curved. Hebden Bridge, July 1899, Mr. Needham. Mr. C. Crossland in Naturalist, January, boo,^^; 9. Molliria betulicola Rabenh. Krypt. Flora I., part 3, p. 538. Apothecia small about mm. across, gregarious on whitened spots, sessile, at first closed, globose, then open, and disclosing the palereddish or yellowish disc ; the exterior black, scabrid or substriate, the margin slightly lacerate; asci oblong or clavate, acuminate at the tips, attenuated downwards to the stalk 56 x 8 p, 8-spored ; spores obliquely 2-seriate, oblong, obtuse at both ends, colourless, guttulate, 8-10x3~ O n decaying birch leaves, Hebden Bridge, Yorkshire, June 1899. Collected by Mr. J. Needham. Naturalist, Jan. 1900, p. 7.
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Dasyscypha Richonii Mass. =lrichopeziza Richonii Sacc. Syll. Fung. Vol. VIII., p. 41 5. Ascophores minute, -2--5 mm. wide, gregarious, entirely red, hairy, sessile, fleshy, cupshaped, the exterior and chiefly the margin covered with pointed septate hairs 50-120p long, 3-5p thick at the base, thinner at the apex; paraph ses delicate, filiform, sparsely septate, not thickened at the tips, co ourless about 2 p thick ; asci broadly clavate, 8-spored 40-45 x 9 p ; spores minute elliptical-fusiform, biguttulate 5-7 x 2-2.5 p. O n rotten wood. Found in Mulgrave Woods, Yorkshire, Sept. 1900. Mr. Gibbs. Naturalist, Nov. 1900, p. 341.
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Belonium Sacc. Consp. gen. Disc., p. 7, 1884. Apothecia sessile or shortly stalked, waxy-leathery, saucer-shaped, when dry rolled inwards and closed, black or brown, smooth or somewhat downy, the margin often with short black projecting hyphae ; asci elongate 8spored ; spores elongate-fusiform or elliptical, ?-manyseptate, colourless ; paraphyses thread-like.
B. pilosgm Crossl.
Naturalist, Jan. 1900, p. 6, pl. 10, figs. 7-13. Apothecia scattered, gregarious or crowded, sessile, subglobose, becoming plane, margin raised, whitish, 1-1-5 mm., rarely 2 mm. broad, the margin and exterior pilose-papillose, silvery-grey above, brown at the base ; disc blackish-gre hairs clavate, 1-2 septate, 25-30 x 8-10 p, pallid brown with a co ourlessapex ; hypothecium of delicate filaments radiating from the base to the margin, excipulum composed of subglobose cells, 7-9 p in diam.; asci cylindricaI-clavate, with a narrow round thickened apex, that stains with iodine, 8-spored, 70-80 x 8 p, spores 2-seriate above, I-seriate below, fusiform or cylindrical-fuslform, straight or slightly curved, 3 septate, 18-24 x 2-5 p; paraphyses cylindrical, 3.3-5 p thick. O n one year old stems and leaves of Carexpendula. Elland, near Halifax, May I 890.
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Ascobolus stictoideus Speg. Mich. I., p. 474. Ascophores loosely gregarious or scattered, immersed, minute, with a torn slightly projecting margin scarcely mm. across, externally watery-white, the disc pallid-olivaceous, punctuated by the projecting asci ; asci few,. 5 to 10 in number, I 50-160 x 40 p clavate-saccate, shortly and thlckly stalked, with a thick membrane at the apex, 8-spo;ed ; paraphyses septate, curved at the apex ; spores bi-seriate or irregularly uniseriate ; elliptical, 25 x I4 p, at first colourless, smooth, then violet, minutely and densely verruculose, becoming brownish rose-coloured. O n dog's dung. Halifax, Feb. 1899. Coll. Mr. H. T. Soppitt. Naturalist, Jan. 1900, p. 8.
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Ascobolus minutus Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. IV., p. XLVIII., t. II., f. I. Naturalist, Jan. 1900, p. 8. Gregarious or scattered, minute, 0-5-0-7 mm. across, brown, obconical or hemispherical, then lenticular, exterior smooth, tawny, disc plane or convex, asci slightly projecting, forming black papillae; paraphyses septate, subclavate at the apex, 5-7 pr across ; asci minute 8-spored, 140-1 70 x I 3-14 p ; spores minute, elliptical, violet then dark brown, longitudinally striate, the lines scarcely anastornosing '3-'5X7-9P. On dog's dung. Hebden Bridge, July 1899, Mr. Needham. T h e asci being comparatively slender the spores remain uniseriate until ejected. Gymnoascus ruber van Tiegh. in Bull de la Soc. bot. de France, Vol. 24, I 877. Clusters cush~on-shaped, the colour of red sealing wax mostly coalescing and forming a continuous layer; hyphae irregularly branched, much entangled, with rather delicate walls ; asci spherical
10-12 p in diameter, 8-spored ; spores globose-orbicular 4-5-5.5 pl in diameter; conidiophores rising both from the asci-bearing and enveloping hyphae, bearing above verticillate branches with chains of loosely-attached oval conidia at the tips. O n dog's dung. Llanymawddwy, N. Wales, Sept. 1900.
G. verticillatus A. L. Sm. Journ. Roy. Micros. Soc. 1900, p. 423, p!. iii., fig. 2. Fruit composed of loose, deep-brown hyphae, the outer ends free, thick walled, with regular verticils of 4 curved blunt branchlets up to 15 p in length and about 5 p in width, the inner ends narrower, irregularly branched, the branches somewhat angular, the whole forming tangled clumps ; ascus-like groups of spores somewhat oblong 10 p x 7 p, dark-coloured; spores minute, globose, about 2.5 p in diameter. O n the bones of a dead rabbit that had been buried under a tree, in a garden at Isleworth, for about a year. T h e asci were evidently quickly evanescent, but many groups of 8 spores closely compacted were scattered about.
Thielavia Zopf. in Sitzungsber d. Botan. Ver. d. Prov. Brandenbg., June, 1876, p. 105. Perithecia globose, without appendages and without an ostiole ; asci 8-spored, short and broad, evanescent, no paraphyses ; spores brown, one-celled ; conidia formed terminally in chains and also endogenously in the hyphae. Thielavia Soppittii Crossl. Naturalist, Jan. 1900, p. 7, pl. 10, figs. 4-6. Perithecia scattered or sub-gregarious, superficial without a stoma, subglobose, red-brown, fragile, membranaceous 250 p in height ; asci elliptical or ovate, evanescent, 56-60 x 35 p ; spores somewhat elliptical unequal-sided ; epispore thick, hyaline yellow, then opaquebrown, granular within, 28-30 x 16 p Near the base of decaying stems of Carduzis palustris. Norland, near Halifax. Coll. Mr. H. T. Soppitt, Nov. 1899. Sphaerotheta Mors-wae Berk. & Curt. in Grev. IV., p. 158. Mycelium dense, rather thick, forming spots on the leaf with a white margin, dusky-brown at the centre ; perithecia minute, numerous, scattered, black, globose-applanate, wrinkled, at length emerging from the mycelium; spores I 5 p long. O n leaves and berries of gooseberry. Ireland. Mr. E. Salmon. Hypocopra Seripanesis H . Fab. Sphaer. Vaucl.? p. 77. Perithecia scattered, superficial, black, cylindrical-conical, wrinkled
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I mm. high and mm. across, the apex somewhat depressed, pierced by a small pore ; asci cylindrical +-spored, long-stalked 250-300 p long; paraphyses filiform numerous, often forked ; spores elongatefusiform or elliptical, one-celled, colourless, 9-12 p x 3 p. On rabbit's dung. Hebden Bridge, Yorksh~re,July I 899. Coll. Mr. J. Needham. Naturalist, Jan. 1900, p. 8.
Coniothyrium Boydeanum A. L. Sm. Journ. Roy. Micros. Soc. 1900, P. 423, PI. 3, fig 3. Perithecia in small groups or scattered, developed on the inner bark and bursting the cuticle, somewhat lentiform goo p x zoo p, parenchymatous, surrounded by a few loose hyphae, yellow-brown ; spores globose-ovate, usually about 1 2p in diameter, but varying to 15 p x 10 p, colourless, then dark smoky-brown, smooth, with granular contents. O n dead branches of Fuchsia, collected at Sea Mill, Ayrshire, by Mr. D. A. Boyd, Oct. 1899. Libertella blepharis A. L. Sm. loc. cit., pl. iii., fig. 4. Pustules of one or several cavities beneath the outer bark, the spores escaping by a wide opening, and forming a milk-white layer on the surrounding bark ; sporophores erect, slender, branched, slightly stouter and of denser contents than the spores ; spores filiform, curved, sometimes strongly falcate 25-40 p x I -5 p. O n dead branches of Prunus cerasus and Pyrus malus. Ayrshire, Oct. 1899. Mr. D. A. Boyd.
L. corticola A. L. Sm. loc. sit., p. 424, pl. iii., fig. 5. Pustules forming effused whitish spots under the outer bark, the spores escaping and forming a milk-white layer ; spores straight or slightly bent, colourless 20-25 p x 1-5p, borne on closely packed sporophores that line the irregular infolding tissue of the pustule. O n dead branches of Pyrus communis. Ayrshire, Sept. 1899. Mr. D. A. Boyd.
L. Ribis A. L. Sm. loc. cit., pl. iii. fig.6. Forming lentiform, effused pustules under the outer bark, bursting the cuticle and the spores oozing out in a gelatinous pinkish mass ; spores much curved, sometimes forming a complete semi-circle, 30-40 p x I p, colourless. O n branches of Ribes rubrum. Ayrshire, Oct. 1899. Mr. D. A. Boyd.
L. Saliris A. L. Sm. loc. cit., pl. iii., fig. 7. Pustules formed in the cortex, convex or triangular in section,
causing slightly elevated reddish-coloured spots on the bark; spores curved, 25-35 p x 1.5 p, ~olourless. O n dead branches of Salix cinerea. Ayrshire, Autumn 1896. Mr. D. A. Boyd. Colletotrichum Corda. Pustules innate-erumpent, applanate, disciform or elongate, black, surrounded by black setae ; spores fusiform, continuous, colourless, on short fasciculate sporophores.
C. Lycopersici Chester. Growing on depressed, circular spots, which afterwards become irregular and confluent ; pustules abundant, densely gregarious, rustybrown to black, applanate, 95-150 p in diameter; setae abundant, dark-brown, generally curved, rarely undulate or straight, often geniculate in places, gradually tapering, septate 65-1 12 p long, about 5 p thick at base ; spores oblong, ends sub-acute 18-20 x 4 p on short, slender sporophores arising from a welldeveloped stroma. O n fruit of cultivated tomato. Found on potato haulms in a field near Worcester, Aug. 1900. Also in a garden, Lythe, Yorkshire, Sept. 1900. T h e diseased stems are blackened as if scorched. Mr. Crossland in Naturalist, Nov. 1900. Lactarius glaucescens Crossl. Naturalist, Jan. 1900, p. 5, pl. 10, figs. 1 ~ 3 . Mllk acrtd, copious, white, at length glaucous-green ; pileus fleshy, rigid, 4-6 cm. broad, convex, umbilicate-depressed, smooth, dry, not zoned, whitish or cream-coloured with small yellowish spots, margin involute, without striae ; flesh white, compact, about.8 mm. thick, 2 mm. thick at the margin ; gills adnate, crowded, sometimes furcate, narrow, 1.5 mm. broad, the same colour as the pileus ; stalk 2'5-3 cm. long and 1-25 cm. thick, solid, widening upwards, smooth, the same colour as the pileus ; spores colourless, globose, minutely echinulate, 6-7 fi in diameter ; cystidia cylindrical or subclavate, with granular contents, 50-60 x 7-8-p. Wade Wood, Luddenden-dean, near Halifax, Aug. I 899. Mr. James Needham. Crepidotus putrigenus Berk. & Curt. Ann. & Mag. of Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, Vo1. IV., p. 292, 1859. Imbricate ; pileus subreniform, I 2-1 9 mm. broad, whitish, tomentose, beset at the base with a delicate white tomentum ; gills broad, whitish, becoming ferruginous-brown ; spores subglobose, 7 p in length, ferruginous. O n damp wood. Found in Mulgrave Woods, Yorkshire, growing from the sides and sawn end of a log almost buried in bracken. Sept. 1900.
Collybia retigera* Bres. Fung. Trid., p. 8, pl. iv. (1881). Pileus fleshy, thin campanulate, then expanded, more or less umbonate, dry, glabrous, pallid, centre with a tinge of tawny brown, 3-6 cm. across, margin striatulate, surface of pileus with a more or less developed network of anastornosing veins, especially when old ; gills rather broad and ventricose, pallid, margin fimbriate, stem almost equal, pallid, minutely downy at the base, solid or stuffed, 4-7 cm. long, spores elliptical 5-6 x 7p. Roots of ash tree, S. Austria. T h e net work on the pileus becomes more visible after the plant has been gathered. Habitat near base of beech stump, Home Farm, Grange Park, Alresford, Hants, 15th December, 1900. Rev. W . L. W . E yre. ColIybia veluticeps Rea. Pileus 3-6 cm. broad, fulvous tawny, convex at first then expanded, velvety; flesh pale then yellowish, thick at the centre but attenuated at the margin which remains for some time involute. Stem 4-7 cm. long x 5-15 mm. thick, stuffed then hollow, of the same colour as the pileus but paler above, fuszjirrn extending into the long rhizomorphoid abundant mycelium, striate, only slightly velvety at the thickest part, flesh somewhat rufous at the base. Gills 5-8 mm. broad, deep ochre, sinuato-adnate, distant. Mycelium cordlike, branched and pror'iferous. Spores 7-8 x 3-4 p oblong. Caespitose. Found by Mr. W. H. Edwards growing in the interior of an old rotten elm stump, Northwick, Worcestershire, I 9th January, I 896. Distinguished by its velvet pileus, striate, fusiform, fasciculate stem, which is only slightly ve vety at its thickest part and the cordlike branched proliferous mycelium.
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Mycena carneosanguinea Rea. Pileus 2+3 cm. broad, livid grey tinging to rufous at the urnbo, becoming paler when old, convex, sub-urnbonate, smooth, flesh moderately thick at the centre gradually attenuated to the margin, white then changing t o blood red. Stem 4 cm. long x 5-9 mm. thick, grey, yellowish and incrassated at the base, hollow, flesh at the apex tinged blood colour, at the base white and with short mycelial strands attached thereto. Gills 5 mm. broad, dull purplish brown, edge dark purple and denticulate, broad in front and adnate. Spores elliptical 4-5 x 2-3 O n the ground, Raincliffe Woods, Scalby, Yorkshire, 31st August, 1894. Distinguished amongst the Callodontes by the flesh turning to blood red on section. E r a
By the generosity of our member, the Rev. W. L. W. Eyre, we now place the reproduction of this species of Bresadols before our Members.
Cql-irrus sguamojus Morg. Jour. of Cit~cinnati Soc. of Nat. Hist., Vol. VI., 1883, p. 174, pl. 8. Pileus somewhat membranaceous, ovoid, then expanded, cinereous, covered with reddish-brown scales. Stem hollow, rather equal ;below the annulus covered with reddish-brown scales like those of the pileus;-above the annulus, smooth and white. Gills free, ventricose, white, then reddish-brown, finally black. Spores cymbiform 9-10 x 5 P Growing about old stumps and trees in woods. Caespitose, pileus about I inch in height, expanding to a diameter of 14-24inches, then split and revolute. Stem 4-6 inches long, about ) inch in thickness. This species is readily distinguished by its persistent reddish-brown scales upon the pileus and lower part of the stem.
At the base of Elms, Hanbury Park, Worcestershire, 28th September, 1900. Collected by Mr. Carleton Rea.
T h e following Members have joined the British Mycological Society.
Balfour, Professor Isaac Bayley, M.A., House, Edinburgh.
M.D., F.R.S.,
Inverleith
Boston, T h e M~cological Club, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America. Macfie, Mr. John Wiliiam Scott, Rowton Hall, Chester. Mackenzie, Mr. D.,
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James Ward Street, Glasgow.
OFFICERS F O R THE SEASON 1899-1900. President: H . Marshall Ward, D.Sc., F.R.S., Botanical Laboratory, Cambridge.
&c.,
Hon. Secretary and Treasurer: Carieton Rea, B.C.L., 34, Foregate Street, Worcester.
University
M.A.,
Fig. Fig.
growth and development of the chlamydospores. x about 1,000. 15. Successive stages in the development of a chlamydospore at the margin of the same colony; a at 11.50,b at 3.30, c at 5.10, and d at 8 p.m. x about 1,000. 16. Transverse section across a colony such as Fig. I, showing the ridges covered with chlamydospores and yeasts embedded in a gelatinous mass, and the hyphae below similarly gelatinous. Hardened in Keiser's fluid and stained with Haematoxylin x about 80. 17. Part of the lower portion of the mycelium of last preparation Y about qoo, showing hyphae embedded in gelatinous matrix. 18. Part of a ridge of Fig. 16 showing chlamydospores and their hyphae embedded in jelly. x about 400.
FUNGI N E W TO BRITAIN. By Annie Lorrain Smith.
Entomophthora Poorrana A. L. Sm. Journ. Roy. Micros. Soc. 1900, p. 442, pl. iii., fig. I. H y p h z abundant, interwoven, breaking up into short lengths, varying in width from 5 p upwards, septate ; resting spores formed in an intercalary manner on anastomosing hyphae, globose, varying from 25 p t o 4 0 p in diameter, with a thick yellowish epispore and granular contents. Found in the tissue of a rabbit that had been buried in a garden a t Isleworth, about gin. beneath the surface of the soil, until almost disintegrated. Oospora coccinm Sacc. and Vogl. Sy11. Fung. Vol. IV., p. 21. T u f t s minute, separate or confluent, brick-red to vermillion, fertile hyphae erect or spreading, lax or intricately compact in the mass, sparingly and irregularly branched, straight or slightly wavy, paler than the conidia, 100-140 p long by 4-6 p thick below, thicker and somewhat moniliform above, preparatory to the formation of conidia; conidia plentiful, globose, 11 p to 18 p in diameter, brick-red, in simple or branched chains. O n cat's dung, Halifax, 22nd Februarv, 1899. Naturalist, Jan. 1900, p. 8,
C!?docepha/urn glomerulosum Sacc. Syll. Fung. Vol. IV., p. 47.
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Tufts gregarious, rose-coloured; fertile hyphae mm. long, septate, cylindrical, slightly attenuated upwards, the apex terminating in a verrucose vesicle ; conidia large, ovate 25 x I 2 p, pallid rose-coloured, with an apiculate base, forming a subsphaerical head. Growing on Tubcrcularia and Sclerotia on branches of trees. Found in Mulgrave Woods, Yorkshire, September 1900. Mr. C. Crossland. Botrytis dichotoma Corda.
Ic. Fung. I., p. 18, fig. 244. Tufts minute, fugacious, whitish cinnamon coloured ; fertile hyphae erect, dichotomous, spreading, terminal branches, obtuse slightly curved inwards, colourless; spores numerous spherical, cinnamon-yellow. Found by Mr. Greenwood Pim on a decaying stem in his garden, Co. Dublin. Irish Nat., p. 98, 1900. It is to be regretted that Mr. Greenwood Pim did not complete the defective description of this interesting fungus. Symb. Myc., p. 357. Forming effused, velvety, rusty-brown spots ; mycelium spreading just under the cuticle, finally penetrating and blackening the tissue ; conidiophores upright, short, nodulose, irregular in form, denticulate at the tips, usually about 20 p in height ; conidia ovate-fusiform, 15-30 p by about 7 h one-celled, brownish-yellow, smooth, solitary, or two or more on the same conidiophore. Parasitic on the leaves and fruit of Pyrus communis, Worcester and Hereford. June I 900. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 1900, P. 424. Fusicladium pyrinum Fckl.
Hclminthosporium gramineum Rabenh. Herb. Myc. 332.
Forming elongate pallid spots with a brown edge, fertile hyphae solitary or in clusters, erect, often angularly bent, brown ; conidia yellowish-brown, straight, cylindrical, 1-5 septate, 50-100 x 14-20 p. O n leaves of barley, from Hertfordshire. Rhuria albida Gillet.
Discom. p. 36, with plate. Ascophores 2-3 cm. diam,, disc concave, stem short, even, margin spreading, fleshy-cartilaginous (not fragile), pale wax yellow, exterior albo-hrfuraceous of little heaps of loose, sub-globose, thick-walled detached cells ; asci cylindrical, apex sub-truncate 200-220 x 9-10 p, spores occupying less than half the space when mature, obliquely uniseriate, elliptic, hyaline, smooth, 10-12 x 7-8 p; paraphyses linear, or apex slightly swollen, septate, longer than the ascl. Warehouse yard, Halifax, June 1895, and Sept. 1896. Collected by Mr. H. T. Soppitt. Mr. Crossland. Naturalist, Jan. 1900, p. 7. C
Burluea Persoonii Sacc. Syll. Fung. VIII., p. I 17. Ascophore sessile on a narrow base, hemispherical then expanded, disc plane or undulate, 4-8 mm. across, wholly pale-dingy amethyst, glabrous, margin rather obtuse, flesh waxy-brittle 1'5-2 mm. thick ; excipulum parenchymatous, cells globose or elongated 35-60 p (longest diameter), hyaline, cortex thin of not more than 1-2 layers of globose cells 2 0 p in diameter ; hypothecial cells small and almost indistinguishable in outline ; asci cylindrical, 200-210 x 13-14 p, apex rounded, pedicel narrow ; spores eight, uniseriate, hyaline, spherical, rough, 1-2 guttulate, 9-5-1-1 p in diameter ; paraphyses cylindrical, simple or branched, septate, hyaline, 3-4 p thick, apex always curved. Hebden Bridge, July 1899, Mr. Needham. Mr. C. Crossland in Naturalist, January, boo,^^; 9. Molliria betulicola Rabenh. Krypt. Flora I., part 3, p. 538. Apothecia small about mm. across, gregarious on whitened spots, sessile, at first closed, globose, then open, and disclosing the palereddish or yellowish disc ; the exterior black, scabrid or substriate, the margin slightly lacerate; asci oblong or clavate, acuminate at the tips, attenuated downwards to the stalk 56 x 8 p, 8-spored ; spores obliquely 2-seriate, oblong, obtuse at both ends, colourless, guttulate, 8-10x3~ O n decaying birch leaves, Hebden Bridge, Yorkshire, June 1899. Collected by Mr. J. Needham. Naturalist, Jan. 1900, p. 7.
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Dasyscypha Richonii Mass. =lrichopeziza Richonii Sacc. Syll. Fung. Vol. VIII., p. 41 5. Ascophores minute, -2--5 mm. wide, gregarious, entirely red, hairy, sessile, fleshy, cupshaped, the exterior and chiefly the margin covered with pointed septate hairs 50-120p long, 3-5p thick at the base, thinner at the apex; paraph ses delicate, filiform, sparsely septate, not thickened at the tips, co ourless about 2 p thick ; asci broadly clavate, 8-spored 40-45 x 9 p ; spores minute elliptical-fusiform, biguttulate 5-7 x 2-2.5 p. O n rotten wood. Found in Mulgrave Woods, Yorkshire, Sept. 1900. Mr. Gibbs. Naturalist, Nov. 1900, p. 341.
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Belonium Sacc. Consp. gen. Disc., p. 7, 1884. Apothecia sessile or shortly stalked, waxy-leathery, saucer-shaped, when dry rolled inwards and closed, black or brown, smooth or somewhat downy, the margin often with short black projecting hyphae ; asci elongate 8spored ; spores elongate-fusiform or elliptical, ?-manyseptate, colourless ; paraphyses thread-like.
B. pilosgm Crossl.
Naturalist, Jan. 1900, p. 6, pl. 10, figs. 7-13. Apothecia scattered, gregarious or crowded, sessile, subglobose, becoming plane, margin raised, whitish, 1-1-5 mm., rarely 2 mm. broad, the margin and exterior pilose-papillose, silvery-grey above, brown at the base ; disc blackish-gre hairs clavate, 1-2 septate, 25-30 x 8-10 p, pallid brown with a co ourlessapex ; hypothecium of delicate filaments radiating from the base to the margin, excipulum composed of subglobose cells, 7-9 p in diam.; asci cylindricaI-clavate, with a narrow round thickened apex, that stains with iodine, 8-spored, 70-80 x 8 p, spores 2-seriate above, I-seriate below, fusiform or cylindrical-fuslform, straight or slightly curved, 3 septate, 18-24 x 2-5 p; paraphyses cylindrical, 3.3-5 p thick. O n one year old stems and leaves of Carexpendula. Elland, near Halifax, May I 890.
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Ascobolus stictoideus Speg. Mich. I., p. 474. Ascophores loosely gregarious or scattered, immersed, minute, with a torn slightly projecting margin scarcely mm. across, externally watery-white, the disc pallid-olivaceous, punctuated by the projecting asci ; asci few,. 5 to 10 in number, I 50-160 x 40 p clavate-saccate, shortly and thlckly stalked, with a thick membrane at the apex, 8-spo;ed ; paraphyses septate, curved at the apex ; spores bi-seriate or irregularly uniseriate ; elliptical, 25 x I4 p, at first colourless, smooth, then violet, minutely and densely verruculose, becoming brownish rose-coloured. O n dog's dung. Halifax, Feb. 1899. Coll. Mr. H. T. Soppitt. Naturalist, Jan. 1900, p. 8.
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Ascobolus minutus Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. IV., p. XLVIII., t. II., f. I. Naturalist, Jan. 1900, p. 8. Gregarious or scattered, minute, 0-5-0-7 mm. across, brown, obconical or hemispherical, then lenticular, exterior smooth, tawny, disc plane or convex, asci slightly projecting, forming black papillae; paraphyses septate, subclavate at the apex, 5-7 pr across ; asci minute 8-spored, 140-1 70 x I 3-14 p ; spores minute, elliptical, violet then dark brown, longitudinally striate, the lines scarcely anastornosing '3-'5X7-9P. On dog's dung. Hebden Bridge, July 1899, Mr. Needham. T h e asci being comparatively slender the spores remain uniseriate until ejected. Gymnoascus ruber van Tiegh. in Bull de la Soc. bot. de France, Vol. 24, I 877. Clusters cush~on-shaped, the colour of red sealing wax mostly coalescing and forming a continuous layer; hyphae irregularly branched, much entangled, with rather delicate walls ; asci spherical
10-12 p in diameter, 8-spored ; spores globose-orbicular 4-5-5.5 pl in diameter; conidiophores rising both from the asci-bearing and enveloping hyphae, bearing above verticillate branches with chains of loosely-attached oval conidia at the tips. O n dog's dung. Llanymawddwy, N. Wales, Sept. 1900.
G. verticillatus A. L. Sm. Journ. Roy. Micros. Soc. 1900, p. 423, p!. iii., fig. 2. Fruit composed of loose, deep-brown hyphae, the outer ends free, thick walled, with regular verticils of 4 curved blunt branchlets up to 15 p in length and about 5 p in width, the inner ends narrower, irregularly branched, the branches somewhat angular, the whole forming tangled clumps ; ascus-like groups of spores somewhat oblong 10 p x 7 p, dark-coloured; spores minute, globose, about 2.5 p in diameter. O n the bones of a dead rabbit that had been buried under a tree, in a garden at Isleworth, for about a year. T h e asci were evidently quickly evanescent, but many groups of 8 spores closely compacted were scattered about.
Thielavia Zopf. in Sitzungsber d. Botan. Ver. d. Prov. Brandenbg., June, 1876, p. 105. Perithecia globose, without appendages and without an ostiole ; asci 8-spored, short and broad, evanescent, no paraphyses ; spores brown, one-celled ; conidia formed terminally in chains and also endogenously in the hyphae. Thielavia Soppittii Crossl. Naturalist, Jan. 1900, p. 7, pl. 10, figs. 4-6. Perithecia scattered or sub-gregarious, superficial without a stoma, subglobose, red-brown, fragile, membranaceous 250 p in height ; asci elliptical or ovate, evanescent, 56-60 x 35 p ; spores somewhat elliptical unequal-sided ; epispore thick, hyaline yellow, then opaquebrown, granular within, 28-30 x 16 p Near the base of decaying stems of Carduzis palustris. Norland, near Halifax. Coll. Mr. H. T. Soppitt, Nov. 1899. Sphaerotheta Mors-wae Berk. & Curt. in Grev. IV., p. 158. Mycelium dense, rather thick, forming spots on the leaf with a white margin, dusky-brown at the centre ; perithecia minute, numerous, scattered, black, globose-applanate, wrinkled, at length emerging from the mycelium; spores I 5 p long. O n leaves and berries of gooseberry. Ireland. Mr. E. Salmon. Hypocopra Seripanesis H . Fab. Sphaer. Vaucl.? p. 77. Perithecia scattered, superficial, black, cylindrical-conical, wrinkled
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I mm. high and mm. across, the apex somewhat depressed, pierced by a small pore ; asci cylindrical +-spored, long-stalked 250-300 p long; paraphyses filiform numerous, often forked ; spores elongatefusiform or elliptical, one-celled, colourless, 9-12 p x 3 p. On rabbit's dung. Hebden Bridge, Yorksh~re,July I 899. Coll. Mr. J. Needham. Naturalist, Jan. 1900, p. 8.
Coniothyrium Boydeanum A. L. Sm. Journ. Roy. Micros. Soc. 1900, P. 423, PI. 3, fig 3. Perithecia in small groups or scattered, developed on the inner bark and bursting the cuticle, somewhat lentiform goo p x zoo p, parenchymatous, surrounded by a few loose hyphae, yellow-brown ; spores globose-ovate, usually about 1 2p in diameter, but varying to 15 p x 10 p, colourless, then dark smoky-brown, smooth, with granular contents. O n dead branches of Fuchsia, collected at Sea Mill, Ayrshire, by Mr. D. A. Boyd, Oct. 1899. Libertella blepharis A. L. Sm. loc. cit., pl. iii., fig. 4. Pustules of one or several cavities beneath the outer bark, the spores escaping by a wide opening, and forming a milk-white layer on the surrounding bark ; sporophores erect, slender, branched, slightly stouter and of denser contents than the spores ; spores filiform, curved, sometimes strongly falcate 25-40 p x I -5 p. O n dead branches of Prunus cerasus and Pyrus malus. Ayrshire, Oct. 1899. Mr. D. A. Boyd.
L. corticola A. L. Sm. loc. sit., p. 424, pl. iii., fig. 5. Pustules forming effused whitish spots under the outer bark, the spores escaping and forming a milk-white layer ; spores straight or slightly bent, colourless 20-25 p x 1-5p, borne on closely packed sporophores that line the irregular infolding tissue of the pustule. O n dead branches of Pyrus communis. Ayrshire, Sept. 1899. Mr. D. A. Boyd.
L. Ribis A. L. Sm. loc. cit., pl. iii. fig.6. Forming lentiform, effused pustules under the outer bark, bursting the cuticle and the spores oozing out in a gelatinous pinkish mass ; spores much curved, sometimes forming a complete semi-circle, 30-40 p x I p, colourless. O n branches of Ribes rubrum. Ayrshire, Oct. 1899. Mr. D. A. Boyd.
L. Saliris A. L. Sm. loc. cit., pl. iii., fig. 7. Pustules formed in the cortex, convex or triangular in section,
causing slightly elevated reddish-coloured spots on the bark; spores curved, 25-35 p x 1.5 p, ~olourless. O n dead branches of Salix cinerea. Ayrshire, Autumn 1896. Mr. D. A. Boyd. Colletotrichum Corda. Pustules innate-erumpent, applanate, disciform or elongate, black, surrounded by black setae ; spores fusiform, continuous, colourless, on short fasciculate sporophores.
C. Lycopersici Chester. Growing on depressed, circular spots, which afterwards become irregular and confluent ; pustules abundant, densely gregarious, rustybrown to black, applanate, 95-150 p in diameter; setae abundant, dark-brown, generally curved, rarely undulate or straight, often geniculate in places, gradually tapering, septate 65-1 12 p long, about 5 p thick at base ; spores oblong, ends sub-acute 18-20 x 4 p on short, slender sporophores arising from a welldeveloped stroma. O n fruit of cultivated tomato. Found on potato haulms in a field near Worcester, Aug. 1900. Also in a garden, Lythe, Yorkshire, Sept. 1900. T h e diseased stems are blackened as if scorched. Mr. Crossland in Naturalist, Nov. 1900. Lactarius glaucescens Crossl. Naturalist, Jan. 1900, p. 5, pl. 10, figs. 1 ~ 3 . Mllk acrtd, copious, white, at length glaucous-green ; pileus fleshy, rigid, 4-6 cm. broad, convex, umbilicate-depressed, smooth, dry, not zoned, whitish or cream-coloured with small yellowish spots, margin involute, without striae ; flesh white, compact, about.8 mm. thick, 2 mm. thick at the margin ; gills adnate, crowded, sometimes furcate, narrow, 1.5 mm. broad, the same colour as the pileus ; stalk 2'5-3 cm. long and 1-25 cm. thick, solid, widening upwards, smooth, the same colour as the pileus ; spores colourless, globose, minutely echinulate, 6-7 fi in diameter ; cystidia cylindrical or subclavate, with granular contents, 50-60 x 7-8-p. Wade Wood, Luddenden-dean, near Halifax, Aug. I 899. Mr. James Needham. Crepidotus putrigenus Berk. & Curt. Ann. & Mag. of Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, Vo1. IV., p. 292, 1859. Imbricate ; pileus subreniform, I 2-1 9 mm. broad, whitish, tomentose, beset at the base with a delicate white tomentum ; gills broad, whitish, becoming ferruginous-brown ; spores subglobose, 7 p in length, ferruginous. O n damp wood. Found in Mulgrave Woods, Yorkshire, growing from the sides and sawn end of a log almost buried in bracken. Sept. 1900.
Collybia retigera* Bres. Fung. Trid., p. 8, pl. iv. (1881). Pileus fleshy, thin campanulate, then expanded, more or less umbonate, dry, glabrous, pallid, centre with a tinge of tawny brown, 3-6 cm. across, margin striatulate, surface of pileus with a more or less developed network of anastornosing veins, especially when old ; gills rather broad and ventricose, pallid, margin fimbriate, stem almost equal, pallid, minutely downy at the base, solid or stuffed, 4-7 cm. long, spores elliptical 5-6 x 7p. Roots of ash tree, S. Austria. T h e net work on the pileus becomes more visible after the plant has been gathered. Habitat near base of beech stump, Home Farm, Grange Park, Alresford, Hants, 15th December, 1900. Rev. W . L. W . E yre. ColIybia veluticeps Rea. Pileus 3-6 cm. broad, fulvous tawny, convex at first then expanded, velvety; flesh pale then yellowish, thick at the centre but attenuated at the margin which remains for some time involute. Stem 4-7 cm. long x 5-15 mm. thick, stuffed then hollow, of the same colour as the pileus but paler above, fuszjirrn extending into the long rhizomorphoid abundant mycelium, striate, only slightly velvety at the thickest part, flesh somewhat rufous at the base. Gills 5-8 mm. broad, deep ochre, sinuato-adnate, distant. Mycelium cordlike, branched and pror'iferous. Spores 7-8 x 3-4 p oblong. Caespitose. Found by Mr. W. H. Edwards growing in the interior of an old rotten elm stump, Northwick, Worcestershire, I 9th January, I 896. Distinguished by its velvet pileus, striate, fusiform, fasciculate stem, which is only slightly ve vety at its thickest part and the cordlike branched proliferous mycelium.
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Mycena carneosanguinea Rea. Pileus 2+3 cm. broad, livid grey tinging to rufous at the urnbo, becoming paler when old, convex, sub-urnbonate, smooth, flesh moderately thick at the centre gradually attenuated to the margin, white then changing t o blood red. Stem 4 cm. long x 5-9 mm. thick, grey, yellowish and incrassated at the base, hollow, flesh at the apex tinged blood colour, at the base white and with short mycelial strands attached thereto. Gills 5 mm. broad, dull purplish brown, edge dark purple and denticulate, broad in front and adnate. Spores elliptical 4-5 x 2-3 O n the ground, Raincliffe Woods, Scalby, Yorkshire, 31st August, 1894. Distinguished amongst the Callodontes by the flesh turning to blood red on section. E r a
By the generosity of our member, the Rev. W. L. W. Eyre, we now place the reproduction of this species of Bresadols before our Members.
Cql-irrus sguamojus Morg. Jour. of Cit~cinnati Soc. of Nat. Hist., Vol. VI., 1883, p. 174, pl. 8. Pileus somewhat membranaceous, ovoid, then expanded, cinereous, covered with reddish-brown scales. Stem hollow, rather equal ;below the annulus covered with reddish-brown scales like those of the pileus;-above the annulus, smooth and white. Gills free, ventricose, white, then reddish-brown, finally black. Spores cymbiform 9-10 x 5 P Growing about old stumps and trees in woods. Caespitose, pileus about I inch in height, expanding to a diameter of 14-24inches, then split and revolute. Stem 4-6 inches long, about ) inch in thickness. This species is readily distinguished by its persistent reddish-brown scales upon the pileus and lower part of the stem.
At the base of Elms, Hanbury Park, Worcestershire, 28th September, 1900. Collected by Mr. Carleton Rea.
T h e following Members have joined the British Mycological Society.
Balfour, Professor Isaac Bayley, M.A., House, Edinburgh.
M.D., F.R.S.,
Inverleith
Boston, T h e M~cological Club, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America. Macfie, Mr. John Wiliiam Scott, Rowton Hall, Chester. Mackenzie, Mr. D.,
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James Ward Street, Glasgow.
OFFICERS F O R THE SEASON 1899-1900. President: H . Marshall Ward, D.Sc., F.R.S., Botanical Laboratory, Cambridge.
&c.,
Hon. Secretary and Treasurer: Carieton Rea, B.C.L., 34, Foregate Street, Worcester.
University
M.A.,