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Further records of foliicolous lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Australasia, with an updated checklist for continental Australia
Lichenologist 33(3): 195–210 (2001) doi:10.1006/lich.2000.0316, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on
Further records of foliicolous lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Australasia, with an updated checklist for continental Australia Robert LU } CKING, Heinar STREIMANN and John A. ELIX Abstract: Based on collections gathered by H. Streimann and J. A. Elix in Papua New Guinea, Australia (including Tasmania), and Vanuatu, five new foliicolous lichen species are described: Calenia bullatinoides Lücking, Eremothecella cyaneoides Lücking, Fellhanera tasmanica Lücking & Elix, Fellhaneropsis australiana Lücking, and Porina vanuatuensis Lücking. In addition, the following new combinations are proposed: Coenogonium isidiiferum (Lücking) Lücking [Bas.: Dimerella isidiifera Lücking], Coenogonium lisowskii (Veˇzda) Lücking [Bas.: Dimerella lisowskii Veˇzda], Coenogonium queenslandicum (Kalb & Veˇzda) Lücking [Bas.: Dimerella queenslandica Kalb & Veˇzda], Echinoplaca tetrapla (Zahlbr.) Lücking [Bas.: Gonolecania tetrapla Zahlbr.], and Porina subepiphylla var. australiensis (Lücking & Veˇzda) Lücking [Bas.: Porina lucida var. australiensis Lücking & Veˇzda]. Coenogonium piliferum (Veˇzda) Kalb & Lücking [Bas.: Dimerella pilifera Veˇzda] is placed into synonymy with Coenogonium epiphyllum Vain. An updated checklist of foliicolous lichens from Australia includes 202 species and excludes five previously reported taxa. 2001 The British Lichen Society
Introduction In the context of an ongoing, world-wide survey of the taxonomy and floristics of foliicolous lichens, we have continued our studies on collections from the Paleotropics. In this contribution, we present data on material from Papua New Guinea and Australia (including Tasmania), and from Vanuatu, for which no previous information regarding foliicolous lichens was available. Recent studies indicate that the geographically heterogeneous Australasian biota, ranging from Papua New Guinea to the western Pacific islands, is much richer in species than previously assumed (Aptroot & Sipman 1993; Kalb & Veˇzda 1994; Aptroot
R. Lücking: Lehrstuhl für Pflanzensystematik, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. H. Streimann: Department of Botany, Estonian Museum of Natural History, 29 Lai St, Tallinn, Estonia. J. A. Elix: Department of Chemistry, The Faculties, Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T. 0200, Australia. 0024–2829/01/030195+16 $35.00/0
et al., 1997; Lücking & Kalb 2001). This is confirmed by the present paper, where five species are described as new, and a further eight, probably new taxa, are discussed. In addition, the updated and corrected checklist for continental Australia now includes 202 species, an increase of 65% over an earlier list published by Kalb & Veˇzda (1994). Taxonomic account In the following taxonomic account, genera and species are arranged in alphabetical order. Most of the taxa are listed in Table 1 without discussion or full details of locality, etc., in order to save space. Some taxa not listed in Table 1 are described or discussed in greater detail below. Aulaxina sp. Notes. Species of Aulaxina are characterized by a more or less dispersed, smooth thallus without crystals, the single patchesbeing connected by a translucent or brownish black prothallus (Santesson 1952; 2001 The British Lichen Society
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T 1. Further records of foliicolous lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Papua New Guinea, Australia, and Vanuatu based on collections made by Streimann and Elix. For space considerations, localities, dates and collectors are not indicated Anisomeridium foliicola R. Sant. & Tibell Arthonia lividula Vain. A. trilocularis Müll. Arg. Aspidothelium scutellicarpum Lücking Aulaxina epiphylla (Zahlbr.) R. Sant. Bacidina apiahica (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda
B. scutellifera (Veˇ zda) Veˇ zda Badimia polillensis (Vain.) Veˇ zda Badimiella serusiauxii Malcolm & Veˇ zda Bapalmuia sorediata Kalb & Lücking Bullatina aspidota (Vain.) Veˇ zda & Poelt Byssoloma annuum (Vain.) G. Thor, Lücking & Matsumoto B. chlorinum (Vain.) Zahlbr. B. confusum Farkas & Veˇ zda B. leucoblepharum (Nyl.) Vain. B. marginatum (Arnold) Sérus. B. subdiscordans (Nyl.) P. James B. subleucoblepharum G. Thor, Lücking & Matsumoto Calenia conspersa (Stirt.) R. Sant. C. depressa Müll. Arg. C. graphidea Vain. C. microcarpa Veˇ zda
C. phyllogena (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. C. subdepressa Lücking C. thelotremella Vain. Calopadia fusca (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda
C. perpallida (Nyl.) Veˇ zda C. phyllogena (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. C. puiggarii (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. C. subcoerulescens (Zahlbr.) Veˇ zda
C. subfusca Kalb & Veˇ zda Caprettia nyssaegenoides Sérus. Coenogonium flavicans (Veˇ zda & Farkas) Kalb & Lücking C. subluteum (Rehm) Kalb & Lücking
Echinoplaca epiphylla Fée
Australia. Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61677 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54145 p.p. (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61654 (CANB). Australia. Australian Capital Territory: 49065 (CANB). New South Wales: 33154 (CANB). Queensland: 54145 p.p. (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61653 (CANB, hb. Lücking). Australia. New South Wales: 50815 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61880 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54029A p.p. (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62098 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 57618c (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54145 p.p. (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 33157 (CANB). Queensland: 57618b (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61652 (CANB). Norfolk Isl. 18330 (CANB). Australia. Victoria: 39707 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 21850 (ANUC, CANB). Queensland: 54145 p.p. (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 57618d, 61652 (CANB). Papua New Guinea. Central: 15955A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54014A, 57614 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61653 (CANB). Papua New Guinea. Central: 15928 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 60856 (CANB, hb. Lücking). Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54029A p.p., 61654 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61652 (CANB). Papua New Guinea. Central: 16126 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61652 (CANB). Papua New Guinea. Eastern Highlands: 26302 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61652 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61037B, 61044 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54145 p.p. (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54145 p.p. (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 49349 (CANB). Queensland: 54145 p.p. (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62098, 62155 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61044B (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62259B (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 60719 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 53983A (CANB, hb. Lücking). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62132 (CANB, hb. Lücking). Australia. Queensland: 61653 (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62136 (CANB).
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T 1. Continued E. leucotrichoides (Vain.) R. Sant. E. pellicula (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.
Eremothecella calamicola Syd. E. macrocephala (R. Sant.) G. Thor, Lücking & Matsumoto Fellhanera fuscatula (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda F. mastothallina (Vain.) Lücking & Sérus. F. parvula (Veˇ zda) Veˇ zda F. rhapidophylli (Rehm) R. Sant. Gyalectidium caucasicum (Elenkin & Woron.) Veˇ zda G. filicinum Müll. Arg. G. flabellatum Sérus. G. imperfectum Veˇ zda G. novoguineense Sérus. G. radiatum Thor, Lücking & Matsumoto G. verruculosum Sérus.
Gyalideopsis cochlearifera Lücking & Sérus. G. rubescens Veˇ zda G. verruculosa Veˇ zda & Hafellner Hemigrapha tenellula (Müll. Arg.) Matzer Lasioloma arachnoideum (Kremp.) R. Sant. L. phycophorum (Vain.) R. Sant. L. trichophorum (Vain.) R. Sant. Loflammia epiphylla (Fée) Lücking & Veˇ zda Lyromma nectandrae Bat. & H. Maia Mazosia phyllosema (Nyl.) Zahlbr. M. tomentifera Veˇ zda & Lumbsch Musaespora kalbii Lücking & Sérus. Phyllobathelium nigrum R. Sant. & Tibell Phyllocratera papuana Sérus. Phyllophiale alba R. Sant. Pocsia borhidii (Farkas & Veˇ zda) Lücking & Kalb Polychidium dendriscum (Nyl.) Henssen Porina albicera (Kremp.) Overeem P. atropunctata Lücking & Veˇ zda P. cerina (Zahlbr.) R. Sant. P. chrysophora (Stirt.) R. Sant. P. conica R. Sant. P. epiphylla (Fée) Fée P. fulvella Müll. Arg. P. impressa R. Sant.
Australia. Queensland: 54029A p.p., 61652 (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62259C (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61079D (CANB). Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62099 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61654 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61661 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61652 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61653 (CANB). Australia. Australian Capital Territory: 49065 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61079D (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61238 (CANB). Queensland: 54029A p.p. (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61238 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54029A p.p. (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61037B (CANB). Queensland: 54029A p.p. (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 60851, 60856 (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62259B (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 60851 (CANB). Queensland: 54029A p.p. (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62259B (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61661 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 33155 (ANUC). Queensland: 61654 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61037B, 61149 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61661 (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62155 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 57612A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61654, 61661 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 53983A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61658 (CANB). New South Wales: 53077 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 60856 (CANB). Queensland: 61799 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54001A, 61652 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54014B p.p. (CANB). Papua New Guinea. Central: 16542 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 57612A (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61037, 61044A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 46661 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61677 (CANB, hb. Lücking). Australia. Queensland: 54068, 54014B p.p. (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62242, 62259B (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 57612A, 61677 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54001A, 61653 (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62259E (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61658 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 53938 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 40744, 40745 (ANUC, CANB), 53938 (CANB, hb. Lücking).
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T 1. Continued P. limbulata (Kremp.) Vain P. lucida R. Sant.
T. javanicum (F. Schill.) Veˇ zda T. nanum Malcolm & Veˇ zda
Australia. Queensland: 54014B p.p., 61653 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61037B (CANB). Queensland: 54014B p.p. (CANB, hb. Lücking). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62259A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61677 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 40745 (ANUC, CANB). Queensland: 54014B p.p. (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 60989 (CANB, hb. Lücking). Queensland: 54014B p.p. (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 33156 (CANB), 40745 (ANUC, CANB). Queensland: 20250 (CANB), 61889 (CANB, hb. Lücking). Australia. New South Wales: 53077 (CANB). Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Papua New Guinea. Central: 16542 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61677 (CANB, hb. Lücking). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62259D, 62259E (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54029A p.p. (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 57618g (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 57618h (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61542 (CANB), 33155 (ANUC, CANB). Queensland: 53983A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61654 (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62100 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61881 (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62097 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 57618i (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61653 (CANB, on Microtheliopsis uleana). Australia. Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61044 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61677, 61658 (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62259A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61652, 61653 (CANB). Papua New Guinea. Eastern Highlands: 18163 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62133 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61542 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 60821B (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 53091 (CANB). Queensland: 61652 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 57618k (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54001A, 61658 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61652 (CANB). Papua New Guinea. Eastern Highlands: 26302 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 40816 (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62259E (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61149 (CANB). USA. Hawaii: 13562A (CANB).
Veˇ zda & Poelt 1987; Lücking 1997a). The present collection is scanty, but differs in its irregularly verrucose, crystalline thallus.
Ascospores were not found, but the apothecial morphology agrees perfectly with Aulaxina.
P. mirabilis Lücking & Veˇ zda P. rubentior (Stirt.) Müll. Arg. P. rufula (Kremp.) Vain. P. semecarpi Vain. P. similis Kalb & Veˇ zda
P. subnucula Lücking & Veˇ zda P. virescens (Kremp.) Müll. Arg.
Psorotheciopsis patellarioides (Rehm) R. Sant. Sporopodium aurantiacum (Müll. Arg.) Lücking S. citrinum (Zahlbr.) Elix, Lumbsch & Lücking S. flavescens (R. Sant.) Veˇ zda S. leprieurii Mont. S. phyllocharis (Mont.) A. Massal. S. xantholeucum (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. Stigmidium porinae Matzer Strigula antillarum (Fée) Müll. Arg. S. maculata (Cooke & Massee) R. Sant. S. melanobapha (Kremp.) R. Sant. S. microspora Lücking S. multipunctata (R. Sant.) R. C. Harris S. nitidula Mont.
S. S. S. S.
obducta (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris smaragdula Fr. subelegans Vain. subtilissima (Fée) Müll. Arg.
Tapellaria molleri (Henriq.) R. Sant. Trichari albostrigosa R. Sant. T. vainioi R. Sant. T. verrucosa Sérus. Trichothelium ake-assii U. Becker & Lücking T. alboatrum Vain.
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Specimen examined. Australia: Queensland: Curtain Fig Tree State Forest Park, 11 km ESE of Atherton, 1717 S, 14534 E, 700 m, 1994, Streimann 54029A p.p. (CANB).
‘Bacidia’ micrommata (Kremp.) R. Sant. Notes. Bacidia micrommata is not a genuine Bacidia, but belongs in the Pilocarpaceae (Lücking & Sérusiaux, in prep.). The thallus of this species is coarsely verrucose, but the verrucae may be few in number. This collection has a completely smooth thallus, but agrees in all other features with typical populations. Specimen examined. Australia: New South Wales: Cedar Park, Tamban Forest Drive, 30 km NW of Kempsey, 3055 S, 15249 E, 1992, Elix 33157 (CANB).
Calenia bullatinoides Lücking sp. nov. A Calenia solorinoides apotheciis marginibus tenuis discis flavescenter cinereis vel fuscis et ascosporis 2–4 in ascis differt. Typus: Australia, New South Wales, South Toonumbar State Forest, McNamaras Road, 22 km WNW of Kyogle, 2835 S, 15246 E, 280 m, April 1998, Streimann 60821A p.p. (CANB—holotypus; hb. Lücking—isotypus).
(Figs 1A–B, 2A) Thallus epiphyllous, of dispersed but sometimes confluent, single patches 0·5– 1·0 mm diam., slightly inflated due to strong encrustation with calcium oxalate crystals, with smooth to irregularly rugose surface, whitish to silvery grey, marginally with a narrow, crystal-free, greenish zone. Phycobiont a species of Chlorococcaceae, cells 5–7 m diam. Apothecia in the centre of each thallus patch, immersed-erumpent, rounded, 0·2– 0·3 mm diam.; disc yellowish grey to yellowish brown; margin thin but prominent, of the same colour as the thallus. Proper excipulum reduced, 5–7 m broad, colourless, externally covered by a thick (30–50 m) thalline layer with abundant algal cells; epithecium yellowish to brownish granular; hypothecium 8–15 m high, yellowish; hymenium 60–70 m high, colourless.
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Paraphyses 0·5–0·7 m thick, richly branched and anastomosing; asci ellipsoidovoid, 50–7020–35 m. Ascospores 2–4 per ascus, cylindrical to oblong-ellipsoid, submuriform to muriform, with c. 15 transverse and 1–3 longitudinal septa per segment, colourless, 40–608–17 m. Hyphophores formed submarginally on the crystalline thallus patches, shortly setiform, 0·15–0·2 mm high and 15–20 m broad, pale but uppermost part brownish. Diahyphae produced laterally at the tip, final segment in the immature condition formed by free, 30–40 m long and 0·7 m broad hyphae (mature diahyphae not seen). Notes. This new species, also known by collections from Costa Rica and Cocos Island, is characterized by the slightly inflated thallus patches with a thin greenish marginal zone, the 2–4 (sub)muriform ascospores, and the short, apically darkened, setiform hyphophores. Thus far, only C. submuralis Lücking has more than one (sub)muriform ascospore per ascus, but its ascospores are distinctly smaller. The closest relative of C. bullatinoides seems to be C. solorinoides Lücking. It has a similar thallus morphology and hyphophores, but the thallus patches have a smooth surface, the apothecia lack a prominent margin, and the asci are single-spored. Calenia bullatinoides also resembles Gyalectidium ciliatum Thor, Lücking & Matsumoto and Bullatina aspidota (Vain.) Veˇ zda & Poelt. The former has a very similar thallus morphology but different hyphophores and single-spored asci; the latter has more strongly inflated, almost white thallus patches, deeply immersed apothecia with pale yellowish, often pruinose discs, longer, acute, apically pale hyphophores and single-spored asci. Additional specimens examined. Costa Rica: Puntarenas: Golfito, 130 km SE of San José, 839 N, 8312 W, 50 m, 1991, Lücking 91-2963 (hb. Lücking). Cocos Island, 533 N, 8704 W, 0–200 m, 1992, Lücking & Lücking 92-1322, 92-1366 (hb. Lücking).— Australia: New South Wales: Border Ranges, Lions Road, 32 km WNW of Kyogle, 2821 S, 15258 E, 360 m, 1998, Streimann 60851 (CANB).
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F. 1. A & B, Calenia bullatinoides, dispersed thallus patches with apothecia (A: isotype; B: Costa Rica, Lücking 91-2963); C, Eremothecella cyaneoides, thallus with pruinose apothecia (holotype); D, Fellhanera tasmanica, thallus with apothecia and small soralia (isotype); E, Fellhaneropsis australiana, dispersed thallus with apothecia (holotype); F, Porina vanuatuensis, thallus with perithecia (isotype). Scale=1 mm.
Calenia aff. dictyospora Lücking Notes. The material cited below probably represents a new species which agrees with Calenia dictyospora and C. lueckingii Hartmann in general morphology and its
single, muriform ascospores. However, its apothecia have a distinct, pale pruina. Specimen examined. Australia: Queensland: Curtain Fig Tree State Forest Park, 11 km ESE of Atherton, 1717 S, 14534 E, 700 m, 1994, Streimann 54029A p.p. (CANB).
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Calenia aff. phyllogena (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. Notes. This taxon has also been found in material from Africa and thus far has been assigned to Calenia depressa (Santesson & Lücking 1999). It differs from typical individuals of that species by its irregularly lobulate apothecial margins and its pruinose discs. Specimen examined. Australia: Queensland: Curtain Fig Tree State Forest Park, 11 km ESE of Atherton, 1717 S, 14534 E, 700 m, 1994, Streimann 54029A p.p. (CANB).
Coenogonium epiphyllum Vain. Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., ser. A, 15: 156 (1921); typus: Philippines, Luzon, Tayabas, Siniloan trail, 1909, Robinson s.n. (TUR—holotypus!). Dimerella pilifera Veˇ zda, Nova Hedwigia 58: 128 (1994).—Coenogonium piliferum (Veˇ zda) Kalb & Lücking in Lücking & Kalb, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 122: 34 (2000); typus: Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Busu River, 20 km NNW of Lae, 10 m, vi 1982, Streimann s.n. (CANB 8212014—holotypus! hb. Veˇ zda— isotypus!).
Notes. When describing Dimerella pilifera, Veˇ zda (1994) obviously had not seen original material of Coenogonium epiphyllum, but instead specimens erroneously identified as such which in fact belong to C. interplexum Nyl. or a related taxon. He therefore did not notice the great similarity between both species. The thalli of Dimerella pilifera and the newly described Coenogonium ciliatum Kalb & Lücking gave important arguments for the synonymization of Dimerella with Coenogonium, since they provide intermediate stages between the crustose thallus of the former and the filamentous growth of the latter (Lücking & Kalb 2000). As a consequence, we proposed Coenogonium piliferum as a new combination. We had already noticed that the collection of C. epiphyllum from Sumatra mentioned by Santesson (1952) was identical with C. piliferum, but only recently we were able to examine the type material of the former and realized that both represent the same taxon, making the description of Dimerella pilifera and our subsequent combination into Coenogonium superfluous.
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Additional specimen examined. Indonesia: Sumatra: Oostkust, near Besitang, boundary of Atjeh, 30 m, 1926, Palm 53e (UPS).
Coenogonium aff. isidiiferum (Lücking) Lücking Notes. This taxon is probably new and has the same type of disciform isidia as the recently described Coenogonium isidiiferum (Lücking) Lücking comb. nov. [Bas.: Dimerella isidiifera Lücking, Lichenologist 31: 367 (1999); typus: Costa Rica, Lücking 92-3288 (CR—holotypus)]. However, unlike the latter, the thallus does not irregularly dissolve into isidia, but the detached isidia leave regularly rounded holes. Apothecia were not found. Specimen examined. Australia: Queensland: Wrights Creek, Lake Eacham National Park, 16 km E of Atherton, 1716 S, 14538 E, 680 m, 1994, Streimann 54014A (CANB, hb. Lücking).
Following the recent synonymization of Dimerella with Coenogonium (Lücking & Kalb 2000), two further combinations are proposed: C. lisowskii (Veˇzda) Lücking comb. nov. [Bas.: Dimerella lisowskii Veˇ zda, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., Praha, 4: 445 (1969); typus: Guinea, Lisowski s.n. (hb. Veˇ zda—holotypus!)]; C. queenslandicum (Kalb & Veˇzda) Lücking comb. nov. [Bas.: Dimerella queenslandica Kalb & Veˇ zda in Veˇ zda & Kalb, Nova Hedwigia 53: 218 (1991); typus: Australia, Kalb & Kalb s.n. (KALB—holotypus!)]. Echinoplaca cf. hispida Sipman Notes. Echinoplaca hispida is characterized by yellowish apothecia and 5–7-septate ascospores. It has been described from Papua New Guinea (Aptroot & Sipman 1993), and its occurrence in Australia is therefore not surprising. However, the two collections cited below differ slightly from the type. In the specimen from New South Wales, the apothecia are brownish rather than yellow, while the material from Queensland has yellow apothecia but immature ascospores, and the terminal segments of the diahyphae are only weakly articulate.
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Specimens examined. Australia: New South Wales: South Toonumbar State Forest, McNamaras Road, 22 km WNW of Kyogle, 2835 S, 15246 E, 280 m, 1998, Streimann 60821A p.p. (CANB). Queensland: Curtain Fig Tree State Forest Park, 11 km ESE of Atherton, 1717 S, 14534 E, 700 m, 1994, Streimann 54029A p.p. (CANB).
Echinoplaca tetrapla (Zahlbr.) Lücking comb. nov. Gonolecania tetrapla Zahlbr., Symb. Sin. 3: 72 (1930); typus: China, Fukien, Yenping, Buong Kang, 700 m, 1925, Chung F. 330 (W—holotypus!).
Notes. Santesson (1952) recognized only a single species of Echinoplaca with 5-septate ascospores, but indicated that it might be a collective taxon. Based on thallus, apothecial and hyphophore characters, two further taxa were distinguished by subsequent authors: Echinoplaca intercedens Veˇ zda and E. hispida Sipman. In order to establish their identity, we studied the type material of names listed as synonyms of E. pellicula by Santesson (1952). The original collections of Arthonia pellicula Müll. Arg. (G—holotypus!) and Tapellaria gilva Zahlbr. (W—holotypus!) are typical representatives of Echinoplaca pellicula s. str. Arthonia macgregorii Vain. (TUR—holotypus!) is morphologically identical with E. leucotrichoides and may represent a close relative with small, less-septate ascospores, but hyphophores are necessary to establish its taxonomic affinities. Gonolecania tetrapla Zahlbr. has an irregularly dispersed, marginally rugose, strongly nitidous thallus and dark brown, nitidous apothecia. Although hyphophores are absent, there is little doubt that this taxon is conspecific with collections from Costa Rica provisionally identified as Echinoplaca cf. intercedens (Lücking 1997a), and the new combination Echinoplaca tetrapla is therefore established. Echinoplaca tetrapla is morphologically identical with and belongs to a group of species formed by E. lucernifera,
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E. streimannii, E. pachyparaphysata and E. fusconitida, the five taxa forming a transitional series from transversely septate to muriform ascospores. As far as it is known, these species have differentiated diahyphae in which the terminal segment takes the shape of a spermatozoid (Kalb & Veˇ zda 1988; Lücking et al., in prep.). Specimen examined. Australia: Queensland: Track to Mt Misery, 46 km S of Cookstown, 1553 S, 14514 E, 760 m, 1995, Streimann 57618e (CANB).
Echinoplaca sp. Notes. This is probably a new species represented by only scanty material. The apothecia are dark brown, but have a pale pruina, giving them a purplish appearance. Other species of Echinoplaca with dark brown apothecia and single-spored asci, viz. E. similis Kalb & Veˇ zda, E. fusconitida Lücking and E. marginata Lücking, have epruinose apothecia. Specimen examined. Australia: Queensland: Curtain Fig Tree State Forest Park, 11 km ESE of Atherton, 1717 S, 14534 E, 700 km, 1994, Streimann 54029A p.p. (CANB).
Eremothecella cyaneoides Lücking sp. nov. A Eremothecella macrocephala ascosporis minoribus 3–5-septatis differt. Typus: Australia, Queensland, Wrights Creek, Lake Eacham National Park, 16 km E of Atherton, 1716 S, 14538 E, 680 m, July 1994, Streimann 54014B p.p. (CANB—holotypus).
(Figs 1C, 2B) Thallus epiphyllous, continuous or marginally dispersed, smooth, whitish grey. Phycobiont a species of Phycopeltis, cells rectangular, in radiate rows, 9–144–5 m. Apothecia adnate, rounded or slightly irregular, 0·7–1·2 mm diam.; disc dark bluish grey, especially in marginal parts
F. 2. A, Calenia bullatinoides, mature ascus with paraphyses and ascospores (holotype); B, Eremothecella cyaneoides, ascospores [above] and pieces of conidia [below] (holotype); C, Fellhanera tasmanica, ascospores (holotype); D, Fellhaneropsis australiana, ascospores [left] and conidia [right] (holotype); E, Porina vanuatuensis, ascospores (holotype). Scale=10 m.
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with a thick whitish pruina. Hypothecium 5–10 m high, pale yellowish brown; hymenium 50–70 m high, colourless; epithecium composed of horizontal hyphae, pale yellowish to greyish brown. Paraphyses 1 m thick, branched and anastomosing; asci broadly ovoid to almost globose, fissitunicate, 40–7020–40 m. Ascospores 8 per ascus, broadly clavate (macrocephalic), 3–5septate, colourless, 25–358–10 m. Pycnidia applanate, rounded to slightly elongate, 0·2–0·40·2–0·3 mm diam., greyish black; anatomy similar to that of Eremothecella macrocephala. Conidia filiform, mostly broken into 1–3-septate, 25– 351·5–2·0 m large pieces. Notes. Although the present material is scanty, we decided to provide a formal description, considering the systematic implications. Indeed, with its pruinose, bluish apothecia and its filiform conidia, the new species is intermediate between Arthonia cyanea and Eremothecella macrocephala. The former has smaller ascospores with 2–3(–4) septa and regularly rounded pycnidia with bacillar to acicular, 10– 24 m long conidia. The ascospores of Eremothecella macrocephala are much larger (50–7510–15 m) and have more numerous septa, and their proximal cell is enlarged. Notes. The genus Eremothecella is distinguished from Arthonia chiefly by the large ascospores and elongate pycnidia, with the filiform conidia being produced at one end (Sérusiaux 1992; Lücking 1995). Eremothecella cyaneoides provides an intermediate form between the two genera, indicating that Eremothecella as a whole is a small apomorphic entity closely connected to the core of foliicolous Arthonia species. Whether it should then be retained as a separate genus, or recognized at subgeneric level within Arthonia, or emended to include all foliicolous and related corticolous species of the latter, is open to question and can only be solved in a thorough study of Arthonia s. lat. (M. Grube and R. Sundin, pers. comm.).
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Fellhanera subternella (Nyl.) Veˇ zda Notes. Fellhanera subternella forms the centre of the F. subternella group (Lücking 1997b), characterized by a bluish thallus with a simple secondary chemistry (Lücking et al. 1994). The material cited below has a greenish thallus without any bluish tinge, and hence appears intermediate between F. subternella and F. rubida (Müll. Arg.) Lücking. Specimen examined. Australia: Queensland: Kuranda, 1649 S, 14538 E, 380 m, 1994, Streimann 54145 p.p. (CANB).
Fellhanera tasmanica Lücking & Elix sp. nov. A ‘Bacidia’ micrommata thallo sorediato apotheciis discis pallidioribus ascosporis 3–5-septatis differt. Typus: Australia, Tasmania, Ferndene Gorge, 5 km S of Penguin, 4110 S, 14604 E, January 1979, Elix 5688 (CANB—holotypus; hb. Lücking—isotypus).
(Figs 1D, 2C) Thallus epiphyllous, continuous, smooth to minutely farinose but with maculate to irregularly confluent soralia (especially at the margins), pale yellowish grey; soralia chamois-yellow. Phycobiont a species of Chlorococcaceae, cells 4–7 m diam. Apothecia sessile with constricted base, rounded or slightly irregular when old, 0·3– 0·6 mm diam.; disc light chocolate brown, non-pruinose or marginal parts with a thin whitish pruina; margin thin but distinct, not prominent, whitish, partly with a minutely pilose surface. Excipulum strongly encrusted with colourless crystals, which dissolve in KOH, and composed of short threads with globose cells in innermost and cylindrical cells in outermost parts; hypothecium 30– 40 m high, brown; hymenium 60–70 m high, colourless. Paraphyses 0·7–1·0 m thick, slightly branched and anastomosing; asci clavate, with I+ darker tubular structure in the tholus, 50–558–11 m. Ascospores 8 per ascus, oblong-ellipsoid, 3–5-septate, colourless, 12–173–4 m. Pycnidia wart- to barrel-shaped, 0·15 mm diam., whitish to pale chamois-coloured, with wide ostiole. Conidia not seen.
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Notes. Fellhanera tasmanica is known only from the well-developed type collection on an unidentified pteridophyte. It is readily characterized by the sorediate thallus, the brown apothecia with distinct margin, the crystalline exciple and the 3–5-septate ascospores. The only species of Fellhanera with crystalline exciple and sometimes sorediate thallus is F. stanhopeae (Müll. Arg.) Lu¨ cking, Lumbsch & Elix, but this taxon has smaller apothecia with darker discs and large, rounded, whitish verrucae or soralia. Fellhanera tasmanica also resembles Byssoloma syzygii Veˇ zda & Vivant, a species whose generic position remains unclear. It has a similar excipulum, but differs by its non-sorediate thallus and its larger, 5–7septate ascospores. Another similar taxon is Bacidia micrommata, which has an irregularly verrucose, pale bluish grey thallus, darker apothecia with prominent margin, and 3-septate ascospores. The sorediate Badimia cateilea (Vain.) Lücking, Lumbsch & Elix differs from Fellhanera tasmanica by its bluish thallus with regularly rounded, whitish soralia, orange-brown apothecial discs, and unbranched paraphyses. Fellhaneropsis australiana Lücking sp. nov. A Fellhaneropsis vezdae excipulo paraplectenchymatico et ascosporis minoribus differt. Typus: Australia, Victoria, Princes Highway, 9 km NE of Lakes Entrance, 3749 S, 14803 E, 40 m, October 1988, Streimann 39707 (CANB—holotypus).
(Figs 1E, 2D) Thallus epiphyllous, dispersed-laciniate, smooth or with a slightly irregular surface, pale greenish white to pale grey. Phycobiont a species of Chlorococcaceae, cells 5–7 m diam. Apothecia sessile with constricted base, rounded or slightly irregular when old, 0·25– 0·3 mm diam.; disc ferrugineous brown, slightly convex; margin thin, soon disappearing, pinkish. Excipulum paraplectenchymatous, 15–20 m broad, pale yellowish brown; hypothecium 20–30 m high, dark brown; hymenium 40–50 m high, colour-
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less. Paraphyses 0·7 m thick, branched and anastomosing; asci clavate, with I+ darker tubular structure in the tholus, 40–508– 12 m. Ascospores 8 per ascus, narrowly fusiform with the proximal end tapering, (3–)7septate, colourless, 20–302·5–3·5 m. Pycnidia barrel-shaped, 0·07–0·1 mm diam., pale flesh-coloured to pinkish with brownish bases, their walls paraplectenchymatous. Conidia acicular, 3–7-septate, 40–500·5–0·7 m. Notes. This new species is placed in Fellhaneropsis because of its dispersed thallus with uneven surface, small, slightly convex apothecia with a waxy appearance, and acicular-filiform conidia. So far, Fellhaneropsis comprises three species (Sérusiaux 1996; Thor et al. 2000), chiefly distinguished by ascospore septation and pycnidial anatomy. While F. myrtillicola (Erichs.) Sérus. & Coppins and F. kurokawana Thor, Lücking & Matsumoto have 3(–5)-septate ascospores 14–25 m long, those of F. vezdae (Coppins & James) Sérus. & Coppins are irregularly (3–)7-septate and 30–40 m long. In F. myrtillicola, the pycnidia arise from apothecia, and, as in F. kurokawana, are provided with palisadic hyphae in their upper part which enclose the conidial mass. Such hyphae are absent in F. vezdae and F. australiana. Thus, the new species closely resembles F. vezdae, from which it differs in its distinctly paraplectenchymatous exciple, shorter ascospores, and somewhat longer conidia. Microtheliopsis aff. uleana Müll. Arg. Notes. The specimens cited below differ from Microtheliopsis uleana in their smaller perithecia and consistently 1-septate ascospores. Cavalcante et al. (1972) established the name Scutomyces concentricus J. L. Bezerra & Cavalc. for a taxon with 1-septate ascospores, which Lücking et al. (1998), however, considered to be only a depauperate form of M. uleana. At first glance, the present material seems to confirm the validity of Scutomyces concentricus, but a re-examination of the type revealed that the latter is a lichenicolous
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species of Stigmidium on a sterile thallus of Microtheliopsis, related to or identical with Stigmidium porinae Matzer. The perithecia of this taxon and of the present Microtheliopsis are very similar, especially since those of the Stigmidium are also concentrically arranged. However, besides differences in perithecial anatomy and ascus structure, the ascospores of Stigmidium are colourless and narrower, while those of the genuine Microtheliopsis are greyish brown and broader. Thus, the epithet concentricus cannot be adopted for the present material, but probably belongs in synonymy with Stigmidium porinae, while the Microtheliopsis, which has also been found in tropical Africa, remains undescribed for the moment, but will be dealt with formally in another paper (K. Kalb, pers. comm.). Specimen examined. Australia: Queensland: Gillies Highway, 5 km SW of Gordonvale, 1708 S, 14546 E, 25 m, 1994, Streimann 53983A (CANB, hb. Lücking).
Opegrapha cf. lambinonii Sérus. Notes. Unfortunately, the collections are sterile or bear young apothecia without mature ascospores, but the morphology of thallus and goniocystangia point to Opegrapha lambinonii. Specimens examined. Australia: Queensland: Wrights Creek, Lake Eacham National Park, 16 km E of Atherton, 1716 S, 14538 E, 680 m, 1994, Streimann 54014B p.p. (CANB); Wooroonooran National Park, Josephine Falls, 12 km SW of Babinda, 1726 S, 14552 E, 70 m, 1998, Streimann & Mischler 61654 (CANB).
Porina subepiphylla var. australiensis (Lücking & Veˇ zda) Lücking comb. nov. Porina lucida var. australiensis Lücking & Veˇ zda, Willdenowia 28: 209 (1998); typus: Australia, Queensland, Streimann 37663a (UPS—holotypus!).
Notes. Owing to its comparatively large, lens-shaped perithecia, this taxon was considered a variety of Porina lucida (Lücking & Veˇ zda 1998). However, the yellowish (not greenish), matt thallus and perithecia and the broad ascospores indicate a closer relationship with the neotropical P. subepiphylla Lücking & Veˇ zda. We even considered the
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possibility that the two taxa are conspecific, but the consistently larger, lens-shaped perithecia of the Australian populations (smaller and wart-shaped in P. subepiphylla var. subepiphylla) justify its separation at the intraspecific level. Specimens examined. Australia: Queensland: Wrights Creek, Lake Eacham National Park, 16 km E of Atherton, 1716 S, 14538 E, 680 m, 1994, Streimann 54001A, 54014B p.p. (CANB); Daintree National Park, Mossman Gorge, 6 km W of Mossman, 1628 S, 14519 E, 80 m, 1998, Streimann 61677 (CANb); Kuranda, Jumrum Creek, 1649 S, 14538 E, 360 m, 1998, Streimann 61661 (CANB); Mt. Spec State Forest, Paluma Range, 6 km W of Paluma, 1901 S, 14609 E, 920 m, 1986, Elix & Streimann 20250 (CANB).
Porina aff. trichothelioides R. Sant. Notes. Porina trichothelioides, P. nitidula Müll. Arg. and P. atrocoerulea Müll. Arg. form a group of closely related species, all with black, subglobose perithecia differing in ascospore septation (5- vs. 7-septate) and the formation of pale hairs around the ostiole. Porina trichothelioides and P. atrocoerulea (ascospores 7-septate) can be distinguished by pilose versus glabrous perithecia, whereas P. nitidula (ascospores 5-septate) is more variable in this respect, ranging from having almost smooth to very shortly pilose perithecia but typically having a whitish tomentum or papillae. The specimens cited below have 5-septate ascospores, but their ostiolar hairs are extremely well-developed and resemble those of P. trichothelioides. Specimen examined. Australia: Queensland: Kuranda, 1649 S, 14538 E, 380 m, 1994, Streimann 54145 p.p. (CANB).
Porina vanuatuensis Lücking sp. nov. A Porina atriceps peritheciis basaliter expansis et ascosporis majoribus bacilliformibusque differt. Typus: Vanuatu, Espiritu Santo, Mt Malel, 30 km NNW of Luganville, 1515 S, 16706 E, 180 m, October 1998, Streimann & Ala 62259B (CANB— holotypus).
(Figs 1F, 2E) Thallus epiphyllous, continuous but marginally effuse-dispersed, up to 50 mm
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Foliicolous lichens from Australasia—Lücking et al.
across, encrusted with calcium oxalate crystals, with slightly irregular surface, light greenish. Phycobiont a species of Phycopeltis, cells angular-rounded to rectangular, 7–123–5 m, in irregularly arranged plates. Perithecia numerous and dense, Mexican hat-shaped, 0·5–0·7 mm diam., their central part strongly prominent, conical when young and hemispherical to wart-shaped when mature, 0·2–0·3 mm diam., greyish brown, their basal part strongly expanded, forming a 0·15–0·2 mm broad, light greenish rim. Perithecial wall as in Porina atriceps, dark brownish in upper part. Paraphyses 0·7 m thick, unbranched; asci narrowly fusiform, 70–908–10 m. Ascospores 8 per ascus, bacillar with acute ends, 7-septate, colourless, 35–452·5–3·0 m. Pycnidia often abundant, of the same shape as the perithecia but much smaller (0·15–0·2 mm diam.) and with conical central part. Conidia (microconidia) fusiform, non-septate, 2·5–3·00·5–0·7 m. Notes. Porina vanuatuensis is another species in the diverse and complex P. epiphylla-aggregate (Lücking & Veˇ zda 1998). It is distinguished by its Mexican hat-shaped perithecia with prominent dark centre, in combination with bacillar, comparatively narrow ascospores 12–15 times as long as broad. Due to its centrally dark perithecia, the new species is externally most similar to P. atriceps (Vain.) Vain. and P. atropunctata Lücking & Veˇ zda. In both those taxa, however, the perithecia lack an expanded base, and the dark part is restricted to a narrow area around the ostiole; furthermore, the ascospores are smaller. Ascospores like those of P. vanuatuensis are known only from P. mirabilis Lücking & Veˇ zda, but in that species, the perithecia are applanately lens-shaped, with no separation between a prominent central and an expanded lateral part. Additional specimen examined. Vanuatu: Espiritu Santo: Mt Malel, 30 km NNW of Luganville, 1515 S, 16706 E, 180 m, 1998, Streimann & Ala 62242 (CANB).
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Gen. nov. et sp. nov. Notes. This undescribed taxon will be formally treated in another paper (E. Sérusiaux & C. Smith, pers. comm.). It is widely distributed in the Pacific, but apparently overlooked because of its very small thallus. Ascocarps are unknown, but the species features characteristic goniocystangia similar to those of certain Opegrapha species (Sérusiaux 1985). Otherwise, its thallus is quite similar to that of Phyllophiale alba. Its generic affinities are completely unclear. Specimen examined. Australia: Queensland: Moses Creek, 35 km SSE of Cooktown, 1547 S, 14517 E, 240 m, 1995, Streimann 57612A (CANB).
Updated checklist of foliicolus lichens from Australia This updated checklist of foliicolous lichens from Australia (excluding Tasmania) is based on Santesson & Tibell (1988) and Kalb & Veˇ zda (1994). Additional records are based on (a)=Veˇ zda & Kalb (1991), (b)=Veˇ zda (1994), (c)=Lücking et al. (1994), (d)=Thor (1997), (e)=Veˇ zda (1997), (f)=Lücking & Veˇ zda (1998), (g)=Malcolm et al. (1999), (h)=Kalb et al. (2000), (i)=Lücking & Henssen (in prep.), (k)=Lücking et al. (this paper), (l)=Ralston (1999), (m)=McCarthy et al. (2001). Anisomeridium foliicola R. Sant. & Tibell Arthonia aciniformis Stirt. (i) A. accolens Stirt. (a) A. cyanea Müll. Arg. A. lividula Vain. A. nigratula (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. A. palmulacea (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. (a) A. trilocularis Müll. Arg. Aspidothelium fugiens (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. A. scutellicarpum Lücking (k) A. verruculosom R. Sant. Aulaxina dictyospora R. Sant. A. epiphylla (Zahlbr.) R. Sant. A. opegraphina Fée (a) Aulaxina sp. (k) Bacidia micrommata (Kremp.) R. Sant. (k) Bacidina apiahica (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda B. defecta Veˇ zda (b)
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B. mirabilis (Veˇ zda) Veˇ zda (i) B. pallidocarnea (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda B. scutellifera (Veˇ zda) Veˇ zda (k) Badimia pallidula (Kremp.) Veˇ zda (c) B. polillensis (Vain.) Veˇ zda Badimiella serusiauxii Malcolm & Veˇ zda (k) Bapalmuia palmularis (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. (i) B. sorediata Kalb & Lücking (h) Bullatina aspidota (Vain.) Veˇ zda & Poelt Byssoloma annuum (Vain.) G. Thor, Lücking & Matsumoto (k) =B. clauzadei Kalb & Veˇ zda B. aurantiacum Kalb & Veˇ zda (a) B. chlorinum (Vain.) Zahlbr. (i) B. confusum Farkas & Veˇ zda (k) B. discordans (Vain.) Zahlbr. B. leucoblepharum (Nyl.) Vain. B. marginatum (Arnold) Sérus. (k) B. microcarpum Kalb & Veˇ zda B. murinum Veˇ zda B. subdiscordans (Nyl.) P. James B. subleucoblepharum G. Thor. Lücking & Matsumoto (k) B. subundulatum (Stirt.) Veˇ zda B. vanderystii Sérus. Calenia bullatinoides Lücking (k) C. depressa Müll. Arg. (a) C. aff. dictyospora Lu¨ cking (k) C. graphidea Vain. C. leptocarpa Vain. C. microcarpa Veˇ zda C. phyllogena (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. (k) C. aff. phyllogena (Mu¨ ll. Arg.) R. Sant (k) C. subdepressa Lücking (k) C. thelotremella Vain. Calopadia foliicola (Fée) Veˇ zda (i) C. fusca (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda C. perpallida (Nyl.) Veˇ zda (k) C. phyllogena (Mu¨ ll. Arg.) R. Sant. (k) C. puiggarii (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda C. subcoerulescens (Zahlbr.) Veˇ zda C. subfusca Kalb & Veˇ zda (k) Caprettia nyssaegenoides Se´ rus (in ed.) (k) Chroodiscus australiensis Veˇ zda & Lumbsch C. mirificus (Kremp.) R. Sant. Coenogonium curvulum Zahlbr. C. dilucidum (Kremp.) Kalb & Lücking =Dimerella d. (Kremp.) R. Sant. C. fallaciosum (Müll. Arg.) Kalb & Lücking =Dimerella f. (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda C. flavicans (Veˇ zda & Farkas) Kalb & Lücking (i) =Dimerella f. Veˇ zda & Farkas C. hypophyllum (Veˇ zda) Kalb & Lücking =Dimerella h. Veˇ zda
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C. aff. isidiiferum (Lu¨ cking) Lu¨ cking (k) C. lisowskii (Veˇ zda) Lücking =Dimerella l. Veˇ zda C. queenslandicum (Kalb & Veˇ zda) Lücking =Dimerella q. Kalb & Veˇ zda C. subluteum (Rehm) Kalb & Lücking =Dimerella epiphylla (Müll. Arg.) Malme C. zonatum (Müll. Arg.) Kalb & Lücking =Dimerella z. (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. Cryptothecia inexspectata G. Thor (d) Echinoplaca epiphylla Fée E. cf. hispida Sipman (k) E. leucotrichoides (Vain.) R. Sant. E. pellicula (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. E. tetrapla (Zahlbr.) Lücking (k) Echinoplaca sp. (k) Enterographa bella R. Sant. (l) Eremothecella calamicola Syd. (a) E. cyaneoides Lücking (k) E. macrocephala (R. Sant.) G. Thor, Lücking & Matsumoto =Stirtonia m. R. Sant. Fellhanera bouteillei (Desm.) Veˇ zda F. bullata Kalb & Veˇ zda F. endopurpurea Hafellner & Veˇ zda F. fuscatula (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda =F. dominicana (Vain.) Veˇ zda F. mastothallina (Vain.) Lücking & Sérus. =Bacidina m. (Vain.) Veˇ zda F. parvula (Veˇ zda) Veˇ zda (k) F. microdiscus (Vain.) Veˇ zda F. rhapidophylli (Rehm) Veˇ zda (k) F. semecarpi (Vain.) Veˇ zda F. subfuscatula Lücking =F. fuscatula auct. non (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda F. subternella (Nyl.) Veˇ zda Fellhaneropsis australiana Lücking Gyalectidium caucasicum (Elenkin & Woron.) Veˇ zda G. filicinum Müll. Arg. G. flabellatum Sérus. (k) G. imperfectum Veˇ zda (b) G. novoguineense Sérus. (k) G. radiatum G. Thor, Lücking & Matsumoto (k) G. verruculosum Sérus. (k) Gyalidea epiphylla Veˇ zda Gyalideopsis rubescens Veˇ zda G. verruculosa Veˇ zda & Hafellner Lasioloma arachnoideum (Kremp.) R. Sant. L. phycophilum (Vain.) R. Sant. (i) L. phycophorum (Vain.) R. Sant. (k) L. trichophorum (Vain.) R. Sant. (k) Loflammia epiphylla (Fée) Lücking & Veˇ zda =L. flammea (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda Lyromma nectandrae Bat. & H. Maia (k) Macentina perminuta Veˇ zda (a)
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Malcolmiella cinereovirens var. isidiata Veˇ zda (e) Mazosia aptrootii Sipman M. bambusae (Vain.) R. Sant. M. melanophthalma (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. M. paupercula (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. M. phyllosema (Nyl.) Zahlbr. M. quadriseptata Kalb & Veˇ zda M. tomentifera Veˇ zda & Lumbsch Microtheliopsis uleana Müll. Arg. M. aff. uleana Müll. Arg. (k) Musaespora kalbii Lücking & Sérus. Opegrapha lambinonii Sérus. (k) O. luzonensis Sérus. O. puiggarii Müll. Arg. O. viridistellata Sérus. (i) Phyllobathelium nigrum R. Sant. & Tibell Phylloblastia dolichospora Vain. Phyllophiale alba R. Sant. Pocsia borhidii (Farkas & Veˇ zda) Lücking & Kalb =Macentina b, Farkas & Veˇ zda Pocsia triseptata Kalb & Veˇ zda Porina albicera (Kremp.) Overeem (k) P. atriceps (Vain.) Vain. =P. epiphylla var. atriceps Vain. P. atropunctata Lücking & Veˇ zda (f) P. athertonii Sipman P. chrysophora (Stirt.) R. Sant. (i) P. conica R. Sant. P. corruscans (Rehm) R. Sant. P. cupreola (Müll. Arg.) F. Schill. P. dwesica Brusse (i) P. epiphylla (Fée) Fée P. fulvella Müll. Arg. P. homala R. Sant. P. imitatrix Müll. Arg. P. impressa R. Sant. P. limbulata (Kremp.) Vain. P. longispora Veˇ zda P. lucida R. Sant. P. minutissima Henssen & Lücking (f) P. nitidula Müll. Arg. P. octomera (Müll. Arg.) F. Schill. (i) P. rubentior (Stirt.) Müll. Arg. (k) P. rufula (Kremp.) Vain. P. semecarpi Vain. P. similis Kalb & Veˇ zda P. sphaerocephala Vain. (i) P. subapplanata Malcolm et al. (g) P. subepiphylla var. australiensis (Lücking & Veˇ zda) Lücking (f) P. subnucula Lücking & Veˇ zda (k) P. trichothelioides R. Sant. (i) P. aff trichothelioides R. Sant. (k) P. virescens (Kremp.) R. Sant. Psorotheciopsis patellarioides (Rehm) R. Sant. (k) Semigyalecta paradoxa Vain.
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Sporopodium aurantiacum (Müll. Arg.) Lücking (k) S. citrinum (Zahlbr.) Elix, Lumbsch & Lücking (k) S. flavescens (R. Sant.) Veˇ zda S. leprieurii Mont. S. phyllocharis (Mont.) A. Massal. S. xantholeucum (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. Strigula antillorum (Fe´ e) Mu¨ ll. Arg. (k) S. concreta (Fée) R. Sant. S. janeirensis (Müll. Arg.) Lücking =Raciborskiella j. (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. S. macrocarpa Vain. S. maculata (Cooke & Massee) R. Sant. S. melanobapha (Kremp.) R. Sant. (k) S. microspora Lücking (i) S. multipunctata (R. Sant.) R. C. Harris =Phylloporis m. (R. Sant.) Veˇ zda S. nemathora Mont. (a) S. nitidula Mont. S. obducta (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris =Phylloporis o. (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. & Tibell S. orbicularis Fr. S. phyllogena (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris =Phylloporis p. (Müll. Arg.) Clem. S. platypoda (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris (a) =Phylloporis p. (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda S. prasina Müll. Arg. =Raciborskiella p. (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. S. smaragdula Fr. S. subelegans Vain. (k) S. subtilissima (Fée) Müll. Arg. Tapellaria phyllophila (Stirt.) R. Sant. T. molleri (Henriq.) R. Sant. (k) Tricharia albostrigosa R. Sant. T. guatemalensis Lücking & Barillas (i) T. helminthospora (R. Sant.) Henssen T. papillifera Lücking (i) T. plana Veˇ zda T. vainioi R. Sant. T. verrucosa Sérus. (k) Trichothelium alboatrum Vain. T. epiphyllum Müll. Arg. T. javanicum (F. Schill.) Veˇ zda T. nanum Malcolm & Veˇ zda (m) Gen. nov. et sp. nov.
Excluded species and corrected identifications Crytothecia candida (Kremp.) R. Sant. (C. inexspectata G. Thor) Porina epiphylloides Veˇ zda (P. minutissima Henssen & Lücking) P. kamerunensis F. Schill. (P. chrysophora (Stirt.) R. Sant.)
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P. pseudofulvella Sérus. (P. rufula (Kremp.) Vain.) Trichothelium minus Vain. (T. javanicum (F. Schill.) Veˇ zda) The authors wish to thank W. M. Malcolm and P. M. McCarthy very warmly for valuable information on the Australian lichen flora and for fruitful discussions on the taxonomy of certain species, as well as critical revision of the manuscript. R Aptroot, A. & Sipman, H. J. M. (1993) Musaespora, a genus of pyrenocarpous lichens with campylidia, and other additions to the foliicolous lichen flora of New Guinea. Lichenologist 25: 121–135. Aptroot, A., Diederich, P., Sérusiaux, E. & Sipman, H. J. M. (1997) Lichens and lichenicolous fungi from New Guinea. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 64: 1–220. Cavalcante, W. de A., Bezerra, J. L. & Leal, F. de B. (1972) Novos ascoliquens foliicolas de Brasil. Publicaçôes, Instituto de Micologia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco 675: 1–17. Kalb, K. & Veˇ zda, A. (1988) Neue oder bemerkenswerte Arten der Flechtenfamilie Gomphillaceae in der Neotropis. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 29: 1–80. Kalb, K. & Veˇ zda, A. (1994) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der foliicolen Flechten australischer Regenwälder IV. Bulletin de la Societé linneene du Provence 45: 235–246. Kalb, K., Lücking, R. & Sérusiaux, E. (2000) Studies in Bacidia sensu lato (Lichenized Ascomycetes: Lecanorales). I. The genus Bapalmuia Sérus. Mycotaxon 75: 281–309. Lücking, R. (1995) Additions and corrections to the foliicolous lichen flora of Costa Rica. The family Arthoniaceae, with notes on the genus Stirtonia. Lichenologist 27: 127–153. Lücking, R. (1997a) Additions and corrections to the knowledge of the foliicolous lichen flora of Costa Rica, Central America. The family Gomphillaceae. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 65: 1–109. Lücking, R. (1997b) Additions and corrections to the knowledge of the foliicolous lichen flora of Costa Rica, Central America. The genus Fellhanera, with notes on Bacidia pauciseptata. Tropical Bryology 13: 141–173. Lücking, R. & Kalb, K. (2000) Foliikole Flechten aus Brasilien (vornehmlich Amazonien), inklusive einer Checkliste und Bemerkungen zu Coenogonium und Dimerella (Gyalectaceae). Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik 122: 1–161. Lücking, R. & Kalb, K. (2001) New Caledonia, foliicolous lichens, and island biogeography. Bibliotheca Lichenologica, in press. Lücking, R. & Veˇ zda, A. (1998) Taxonomic studies in foliicolous species of the genus Porina (lichenized
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Ascomycotina: Trichotheliaceae). II. The Porina epiphylla group. Willdenowia 28: 181–225. Lücking, R., Lumbsch, T. H. & Elix, J. A. (1994) Chemistry, anatomy and morphology of foliicolous species of the genera Fellhanera and Badimia (Lichenized Ascomycotina: Lecanorales). Botanica Acta 107: 393–401. Lücking, R., Sérusiaux, E., Maia, L. C. & Pereira, E. C. G. (1998) A revision of the names of foliicolous lichenized fungi published by Batista and coworkers between 1960 and 1975. Lichenologist 30: 121–191. Malcolm, W. M., Veˇ zda, A., McCarthy, P. M. & Kantvilas, G. (1999) Porina subapplanata, a new species from New Zealand and Australia. Australasian Lichenology 45: 22–27. McCarthy, P. M., Kantvilas, G. & Veˇ zda, A. (2001) Foliicolous lichens in Tasmania. Australasian Lichenology 48: 16–26. Ralston, K. (1999) Additional lichen records from Australia 38. Enterographa bella R. Sant. Australasian Lichenology 44: 6. Santesson, R. (1952) Foliicolous Lichens. I. A revision of the taxonomy of the obligately foliicolous, lichenized fungi. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 12: 1–590. Santesson, R. & Lücking, R. (1999) Additions to the foliicolous lichen flora of the Ivory Coast and Guinea (Tropical West Africa). Nordic Journal of Botany 19: 719–734. Santesson, R. & Tibell, L. (1988) Foliicolous lichens from Australia. Austrobaileya 2: 529–545. Sérusiaux, E. (1985) Goniocysts, goniocystangia and Opegrapha lambinonii and related species. Lichenologist 17: 1–25. Sérusiaux, E. (1992) Reinstatement of the lichenized genus Eremothecella Sydow. Systema Ascomycetum 11: 39–47. Sérusiaux, E. (1996) Foliicolous lichens from Madeira, with the description of a new genus and two new species and a world-wide key of foliicolous Fellhanera. Lichenologist 28: 197–227. Thor, G. (1997) The genus Cryptothecia in Australia and New Zealand and the circumscription of the genus. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 32: 267–289. Thor, G., Lücking, R. & Matsumoto, T. (2000) The foliicolous lichen flora of Japan. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 32: 1–72. Veˇ zda, A. (1994) Neue foliicole Flechten II. Nova Hedwigia 58: 123–143. Veˇ zda, A. (1997) Schedae ad lichenes rariores exsiccati, Fasc. XXVII: 1–7. Published by the author. Veˇ zda, A. & Kalb, K. (1991) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der foliikolen Flechten australischer Regenwälder III. Nova Hedwigia 53: 215–228. Veˇ zda, A. & Poelt, J. (1987) Flechtensystematische Studien XII. Die Familie Gomphillaceae und ihre Gliederung. Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica, Praha 22: 179–198.
Accepted for publication 22 December 2000
Further records of foliicolous lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Australasia, with an updated checklist for continental Australia Robert LU } CKING, Heinar STREIMANN and John A. ELIX Abstract: Based on collections gathered by H. Streimann and J. A. Elix in Papua New Guinea, Australia (including Tasmania), and Vanuatu, five new foliicolous lichen species are described: Calenia bullatinoides Lücking, Eremothecella cyaneoides Lücking, Fellhanera tasmanica Lücking & Elix, Fellhaneropsis australiana Lücking, and Porina vanuatuensis Lücking. In addition, the following new combinations are proposed: Coenogonium isidiiferum (Lücking) Lücking [Bas.: Dimerella isidiifera Lücking], Coenogonium lisowskii (Veˇzda) Lücking [Bas.: Dimerella lisowskii Veˇzda], Coenogonium queenslandicum (Kalb & Veˇzda) Lücking [Bas.: Dimerella queenslandica Kalb & Veˇzda], Echinoplaca tetrapla (Zahlbr.) Lücking [Bas.: Gonolecania tetrapla Zahlbr.], and Porina subepiphylla var. australiensis (Lücking & Veˇzda) Lücking [Bas.: Porina lucida var. australiensis Lücking & Veˇzda]. Coenogonium piliferum (Veˇzda) Kalb & Lücking [Bas.: Dimerella pilifera Veˇzda] is placed into synonymy with Coenogonium epiphyllum Vain. An updated checklist of foliicolous lichens from Australia includes 202 species and excludes five previously reported taxa. 2001 The British Lichen Society
Introduction In the context of an ongoing, world-wide survey of the taxonomy and floristics of foliicolous lichens, we have continued our studies on collections from the Paleotropics. In this contribution, we present data on material from Papua New Guinea and Australia (including Tasmania), and from Vanuatu, for which no previous information regarding foliicolous lichens was available. Recent studies indicate that the geographically heterogeneous Australasian biota, ranging from Papua New Guinea to the western Pacific islands, is much richer in species than previously assumed (Aptroot & Sipman 1993; Kalb & Veˇzda 1994; Aptroot
R. Lücking: Lehrstuhl für Pflanzensystematik, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. H. Streimann: Department of Botany, Estonian Museum of Natural History, 29 Lai St, Tallinn, Estonia. J. A. Elix: Department of Chemistry, The Faculties, Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T. 0200, Australia. 0024–2829/01/030195+16 $35.00/0
et al., 1997; Lücking & Kalb 2001). This is confirmed by the present paper, where five species are described as new, and a further eight, probably new taxa, are discussed. In addition, the updated and corrected checklist for continental Australia now includes 202 species, an increase of 65% over an earlier list published by Kalb & Veˇzda (1994). Taxonomic account In the following taxonomic account, genera and species are arranged in alphabetical order. Most of the taxa are listed in Table 1 without discussion or full details of locality, etc., in order to save space. Some taxa not listed in Table 1 are described or discussed in greater detail below. Aulaxina sp. Notes. Species of Aulaxina are characterized by a more or less dispersed, smooth thallus without crystals, the single patchesbeing connected by a translucent or brownish black prothallus (Santesson 1952; 2001 The British Lichen Society
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T 1. Further records of foliicolous lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Papua New Guinea, Australia, and Vanuatu based on collections made by Streimann and Elix. For space considerations, localities, dates and collectors are not indicated Anisomeridium foliicola R. Sant. & Tibell Arthonia lividula Vain. A. trilocularis Müll. Arg. Aspidothelium scutellicarpum Lücking Aulaxina epiphylla (Zahlbr.) R. Sant. Bacidina apiahica (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda
B. scutellifera (Veˇ zda) Veˇ zda Badimia polillensis (Vain.) Veˇ zda Badimiella serusiauxii Malcolm & Veˇ zda Bapalmuia sorediata Kalb & Lücking Bullatina aspidota (Vain.) Veˇ zda & Poelt Byssoloma annuum (Vain.) G. Thor, Lücking & Matsumoto B. chlorinum (Vain.) Zahlbr. B. confusum Farkas & Veˇ zda B. leucoblepharum (Nyl.) Vain. B. marginatum (Arnold) Sérus. B. subdiscordans (Nyl.) P. James B. subleucoblepharum G. Thor, Lücking & Matsumoto Calenia conspersa (Stirt.) R. Sant. C. depressa Müll. Arg. C. graphidea Vain. C. microcarpa Veˇ zda
C. phyllogena (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. C. subdepressa Lücking C. thelotremella Vain. Calopadia fusca (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda
C. perpallida (Nyl.) Veˇ zda C. phyllogena (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. C. puiggarii (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. C. subcoerulescens (Zahlbr.) Veˇ zda
C. subfusca Kalb & Veˇ zda Caprettia nyssaegenoides Sérus. Coenogonium flavicans (Veˇ zda & Farkas) Kalb & Lücking C. subluteum (Rehm) Kalb & Lücking
Echinoplaca epiphylla Fée
Australia. Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61677 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54145 p.p. (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61654 (CANB). Australia. Australian Capital Territory: 49065 (CANB). New South Wales: 33154 (CANB). Queensland: 54145 p.p. (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61653 (CANB, hb. Lücking). Australia. New South Wales: 50815 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61880 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54029A p.p. (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62098 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 57618c (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54145 p.p. (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 33157 (CANB). Queensland: 57618b (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61652 (CANB). Norfolk Isl. 18330 (CANB). Australia. Victoria: 39707 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 21850 (ANUC, CANB). Queensland: 54145 p.p. (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 57618d, 61652 (CANB). Papua New Guinea. Central: 15955A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54014A, 57614 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61653 (CANB). Papua New Guinea. Central: 15928 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 60856 (CANB, hb. Lücking). Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54029A p.p., 61654 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61652 (CANB). Papua New Guinea. Central: 16126 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61652 (CANB). Papua New Guinea. Eastern Highlands: 26302 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61652 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61037B, 61044 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54145 p.p. (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54145 p.p. (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 49349 (CANB). Queensland: 54145 p.p. (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62098, 62155 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61044B (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62259B (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 60719 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 53983A (CANB, hb. Lücking). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62132 (CANB, hb. Lücking). Australia. Queensland: 61653 (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62136 (CANB).
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T 1. Continued E. leucotrichoides (Vain.) R. Sant. E. pellicula (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.
Eremothecella calamicola Syd. E. macrocephala (R. Sant.) G. Thor, Lücking & Matsumoto Fellhanera fuscatula (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda F. mastothallina (Vain.) Lücking & Sérus. F. parvula (Veˇ zda) Veˇ zda F. rhapidophylli (Rehm) R. Sant. Gyalectidium caucasicum (Elenkin & Woron.) Veˇ zda G. filicinum Müll. Arg. G. flabellatum Sérus. G. imperfectum Veˇ zda G. novoguineense Sérus. G. radiatum Thor, Lücking & Matsumoto G. verruculosum Sérus.
Gyalideopsis cochlearifera Lücking & Sérus. G. rubescens Veˇ zda G. verruculosa Veˇ zda & Hafellner Hemigrapha tenellula (Müll. Arg.) Matzer Lasioloma arachnoideum (Kremp.) R. Sant. L. phycophorum (Vain.) R. Sant. L. trichophorum (Vain.) R. Sant. Loflammia epiphylla (Fée) Lücking & Veˇ zda Lyromma nectandrae Bat. & H. Maia Mazosia phyllosema (Nyl.) Zahlbr. M. tomentifera Veˇ zda & Lumbsch Musaespora kalbii Lücking & Sérus. Phyllobathelium nigrum R. Sant. & Tibell Phyllocratera papuana Sérus. Phyllophiale alba R. Sant. Pocsia borhidii (Farkas & Veˇ zda) Lücking & Kalb Polychidium dendriscum (Nyl.) Henssen Porina albicera (Kremp.) Overeem P. atropunctata Lücking & Veˇ zda P. cerina (Zahlbr.) R. Sant. P. chrysophora (Stirt.) R. Sant. P. conica R. Sant. P. epiphylla (Fée) Fée P. fulvella Müll. Arg. P. impressa R. Sant.
Australia. Queensland: 54029A p.p., 61652 (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62259C (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61079D (CANB). Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62099 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61654 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61661 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61652 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61653 (CANB). Australia. Australian Capital Territory: 49065 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61079D (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61238 (CANB). Queensland: 54029A p.p. (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61238 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54029A p.p. (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61037B (CANB). Queensland: 54029A p.p. (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 60851, 60856 (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62259B (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 60851 (CANB). Queensland: 54029A p.p. (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62259B (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61661 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 33155 (ANUC). Queensland: 61654 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61037B, 61149 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61661 (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62155 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 57612A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61654, 61661 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 53983A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61658 (CANB). New South Wales: 53077 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 60856 (CANB). Queensland: 61799 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54001A, 61652 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54014B p.p. (CANB). Papua New Guinea. Central: 16542 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 57612A (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61037, 61044A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 46661 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61677 (CANB, hb. Lücking). Australia. Queensland: 54068, 54014B p.p. (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62242, 62259B (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 57612A, 61677 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54001A, 61653 (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62259E (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61658 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 53938 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 40744, 40745 (ANUC, CANB), 53938 (CANB, hb. Lücking).
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T 1. Continued P. limbulata (Kremp.) Vain P. lucida R. Sant.
T. javanicum (F. Schill.) Veˇ zda T. nanum Malcolm & Veˇ zda
Australia. Queensland: 54014B p.p., 61653 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61037B (CANB). Queensland: 54014B p.p. (CANB, hb. Lücking). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62259A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61677 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 40745 (ANUC, CANB). Queensland: 54014B p.p. (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 60989 (CANB, hb. Lücking). Queensland: 54014B p.p. (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 33156 (CANB), 40745 (ANUC, CANB). Queensland: 20250 (CANB), 61889 (CANB, hb. Lücking). Australia. New South Wales: 53077 (CANB). Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Papua New Guinea. Central: 16542 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61677 (CANB, hb. Lücking). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62259D, 62259E (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54029A p.p. (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 57618g (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 57618h (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61542 (CANB), 33155 (ANUC, CANB). Queensland: 53983A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61654 (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62100 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61881 (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62097 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 57618i (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61653 (CANB, on Microtheliopsis uleana). Australia. Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61044 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61677, 61658 (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62259A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61652, 61653 (CANB). Papua New Guinea. Eastern Highlands: 18163 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62133 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61542 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 60821B (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 53091 (CANB). Queensland: 61652 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 57618k (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54001A (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 54001A, 61658 (CANB). Australia. Queensland: 61652 (CANB). Papua New Guinea. Eastern Highlands: 26302 (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 40816 (CANB). Vanuatu. Espiritu Santo: 62259E (CANB). Australia. New South Wales: 61149 (CANB). USA. Hawaii: 13562A (CANB).
Veˇ zda & Poelt 1987; Lücking 1997a). The present collection is scanty, but differs in its irregularly verrucose, crystalline thallus.
Ascospores were not found, but the apothecial morphology agrees perfectly with Aulaxina.
P. mirabilis Lücking & Veˇ zda P. rubentior (Stirt.) Müll. Arg. P. rufula (Kremp.) Vain. P. semecarpi Vain. P. similis Kalb & Veˇ zda
P. subnucula Lücking & Veˇ zda P. virescens (Kremp.) Müll. Arg.
Psorotheciopsis patellarioides (Rehm) R. Sant. Sporopodium aurantiacum (Müll. Arg.) Lücking S. citrinum (Zahlbr.) Elix, Lumbsch & Lücking S. flavescens (R. Sant.) Veˇ zda S. leprieurii Mont. S. phyllocharis (Mont.) A. Massal. S. xantholeucum (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. Stigmidium porinae Matzer Strigula antillarum (Fée) Müll. Arg. S. maculata (Cooke & Massee) R. Sant. S. melanobapha (Kremp.) R. Sant. S. microspora Lücking S. multipunctata (R. Sant.) R. C. Harris S. nitidula Mont.
S. S. S. S.
obducta (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris smaragdula Fr. subelegans Vain. subtilissima (Fée) Müll. Arg.
Tapellaria molleri (Henriq.) R. Sant. Trichari albostrigosa R. Sant. T. vainioi R. Sant. T. verrucosa Sérus. Trichothelium ake-assii U. Becker & Lücking T. alboatrum Vain.
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Specimen examined. Australia: Queensland: Curtain Fig Tree State Forest Park, 11 km ESE of Atherton, 1717 S, 14534 E, 700 m, 1994, Streimann 54029A p.p. (CANB).
‘Bacidia’ micrommata (Kremp.) R. Sant. Notes. Bacidia micrommata is not a genuine Bacidia, but belongs in the Pilocarpaceae (Lücking & Sérusiaux, in prep.). The thallus of this species is coarsely verrucose, but the verrucae may be few in number. This collection has a completely smooth thallus, but agrees in all other features with typical populations. Specimen examined. Australia: New South Wales: Cedar Park, Tamban Forest Drive, 30 km NW of Kempsey, 3055 S, 15249 E, 1992, Elix 33157 (CANB).
Calenia bullatinoides Lücking sp. nov. A Calenia solorinoides apotheciis marginibus tenuis discis flavescenter cinereis vel fuscis et ascosporis 2–4 in ascis differt. Typus: Australia, New South Wales, South Toonumbar State Forest, McNamaras Road, 22 km WNW of Kyogle, 2835 S, 15246 E, 280 m, April 1998, Streimann 60821A p.p. (CANB—holotypus; hb. Lücking—isotypus).
(Figs 1A–B, 2A) Thallus epiphyllous, of dispersed but sometimes confluent, single patches 0·5– 1·0 mm diam., slightly inflated due to strong encrustation with calcium oxalate crystals, with smooth to irregularly rugose surface, whitish to silvery grey, marginally with a narrow, crystal-free, greenish zone. Phycobiont a species of Chlorococcaceae, cells 5–7 m diam. Apothecia in the centre of each thallus patch, immersed-erumpent, rounded, 0·2– 0·3 mm diam.; disc yellowish grey to yellowish brown; margin thin but prominent, of the same colour as the thallus. Proper excipulum reduced, 5–7 m broad, colourless, externally covered by a thick (30–50 m) thalline layer with abundant algal cells; epithecium yellowish to brownish granular; hypothecium 8–15 m high, yellowish; hymenium 60–70 m high, colourless.
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Paraphyses 0·5–0·7 m thick, richly branched and anastomosing; asci ellipsoidovoid, 50–7020–35 m. Ascospores 2–4 per ascus, cylindrical to oblong-ellipsoid, submuriform to muriform, with c. 15 transverse and 1–3 longitudinal septa per segment, colourless, 40–608–17 m. Hyphophores formed submarginally on the crystalline thallus patches, shortly setiform, 0·15–0·2 mm high and 15–20 m broad, pale but uppermost part brownish. Diahyphae produced laterally at the tip, final segment in the immature condition formed by free, 30–40 m long and 0·7 m broad hyphae (mature diahyphae not seen). Notes. This new species, also known by collections from Costa Rica and Cocos Island, is characterized by the slightly inflated thallus patches with a thin greenish marginal zone, the 2–4 (sub)muriform ascospores, and the short, apically darkened, setiform hyphophores. Thus far, only C. submuralis Lücking has more than one (sub)muriform ascospore per ascus, but its ascospores are distinctly smaller. The closest relative of C. bullatinoides seems to be C. solorinoides Lücking. It has a similar thallus morphology and hyphophores, but the thallus patches have a smooth surface, the apothecia lack a prominent margin, and the asci are single-spored. Calenia bullatinoides also resembles Gyalectidium ciliatum Thor, Lücking & Matsumoto and Bullatina aspidota (Vain.) Veˇ zda & Poelt. The former has a very similar thallus morphology but different hyphophores and single-spored asci; the latter has more strongly inflated, almost white thallus patches, deeply immersed apothecia with pale yellowish, often pruinose discs, longer, acute, apically pale hyphophores and single-spored asci. Additional specimens examined. Costa Rica: Puntarenas: Golfito, 130 km SE of San José, 839 N, 8312 W, 50 m, 1991, Lücking 91-2963 (hb. Lücking). Cocos Island, 533 N, 8704 W, 0–200 m, 1992, Lücking & Lücking 92-1322, 92-1366 (hb. Lücking).— Australia: New South Wales: Border Ranges, Lions Road, 32 km WNW of Kyogle, 2821 S, 15258 E, 360 m, 1998, Streimann 60851 (CANB).
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F. 1. A & B, Calenia bullatinoides, dispersed thallus patches with apothecia (A: isotype; B: Costa Rica, Lücking 91-2963); C, Eremothecella cyaneoides, thallus with pruinose apothecia (holotype); D, Fellhanera tasmanica, thallus with apothecia and small soralia (isotype); E, Fellhaneropsis australiana, dispersed thallus with apothecia (holotype); F, Porina vanuatuensis, thallus with perithecia (isotype). Scale=1 mm.
Calenia aff. dictyospora Lücking Notes. The material cited below probably represents a new species which agrees with Calenia dictyospora and C. lueckingii Hartmann in general morphology and its
single, muriform ascospores. However, its apothecia have a distinct, pale pruina. Specimen examined. Australia: Queensland: Curtain Fig Tree State Forest Park, 11 km ESE of Atherton, 1717 S, 14534 E, 700 m, 1994, Streimann 54029A p.p. (CANB).
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Calenia aff. phyllogena (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. Notes. This taxon has also been found in material from Africa and thus far has been assigned to Calenia depressa (Santesson & Lücking 1999). It differs from typical individuals of that species by its irregularly lobulate apothecial margins and its pruinose discs. Specimen examined. Australia: Queensland: Curtain Fig Tree State Forest Park, 11 km ESE of Atherton, 1717 S, 14534 E, 700 m, 1994, Streimann 54029A p.p. (CANB).
Coenogonium epiphyllum Vain. Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., ser. A, 15: 156 (1921); typus: Philippines, Luzon, Tayabas, Siniloan trail, 1909, Robinson s.n. (TUR—holotypus!). Dimerella pilifera Veˇ zda, Nova Hedwigia 58: 128 (1994).—Coenogonium piliferum (Veˇ zda) Kalb & Lücking in Lücking & Kalb, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 122: 34 (2000); typus: Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Busu River, 20 km NNW of Lae, 10 m, vi 1982, Streimann s.n. (CANB 8212014—holotypus! hb. Veˇ zda— isotypus!).
Notes. When describing Dimerella pilifera, Veˇ zda (1994) obviously had not seen original material of Coenogonium epiphyllum, but instead specimens erroneously identified as such which in fact belong to C. interplexum Nyl. or a related taxon. He therefore did not notice the great similarity between both species. The thalli of Dimerella pilifera and the newly described Coenogonium ciliatum Kalb & Lücking gave important arguments for the synonymization of Dimerella with Coenogonium, since they provide intermediate stages between the crustose thallus of the former and the filamentous growth of the latter (Lücking & Kalb 2000). As a consequence, we proposed Coenogonium piliferum as a new combination. We had already noticed that the collection of C. epiphyllum from Sumatra mentioned by Santesson (1952) was identical with C. piliferum, but only recently we were able to examine the type material of the former and realized that both represent the same taxon, making the description of Dimerella pilifera and our subsequent combination into Coenogonium superfluous.
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Additional specimen examined. Indonesia: Sumatra: Oostkust, near Besitang, boundary of Atjeh, 30 m, 1926, Palm 53e (UPS).
Coenogonium aff. isidiiferum (Lücking) Lücking Notes. This taxon is probably new and has the same type of disciform isidia as the recently described Coenogonium isidiiferum (Lücking) Lücking comb. nov. [Bas.: Dimerella isidiifera Lücking, Lichenologist 31: 367 (1999); typus: Costa Rica, Lücking 92-3288 (CR—holotypus)]. However, unlike the latter, the thallus does not irregularly dissolve into isidia, but the detached isidia leave regularly rounded holes. Apothecia were not found. Specimen examined. Australia: Queensland: Wrights Creek, Lake Eacham National Park, 16 km E of Atherton, 1716 S, 14538 E, 680 m, 1994, Streimann 54014A (CANB, hb. Lücking).
Following the recent synonymization of Dimerella with Coenogonium (Lücking & Kalb 2000), two further combinations are proposed: C. lisowskii (Veˇzda) Lücking comb. nov. [Bas.: Dimerella lisowskii Veˇ zda, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., Praha, 4: 445 (1969); typus: Guinea, Lisowski s.n. (hb. Veˇ zda—holotypus!)]; C. queenslandicum (Kalb & Veˇzda) Lücking comb. nov. [Bas.: Dimerella queenslandica Kalb & Veˇ zda in Veˇ zda & Kalb, Nova Hedwigia 53: 218 (1991); typus: Australia, Kalb & Kalb s.n. (KALB—holotypus!)]. Echinoplaca cf. hispida Sipman Notes. Echinoplaca hispida is characterized by yellowish apothecia and 5–7-septate ascospores. It has been described from Papua New Guinea (Aptroot & Sipman 1993), and its occurrence in Australia is therefore not surprising. However, the two collections cited below differ slightly from the type. In the specimen from New South Wales, the apothecia are brownish rather than yellow, while the material from Queensland has yellow apothecia but immature ascospores, and the terminal segments of the diahyphae are only weakly articulate.
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Specimens examined. Australia: New South Wales: South Toonumbar State Forest, McNamaras Road, 22 km WNW of Kyogle, 2835 S, 15246 E, 280 m, 1998, Streimann 60821A p.p. (CANB). Queensland: Curtain Fig Tree State Forest Park, 11 km ESE of Atherton, 1717 S, 14534 E, 700 m, 1994, Streimann 54029A p.p. (CANB).
Echinoplaca tetrapla (Zahlbr.) Lücking comb. nov. Gonolecania tetrapla Zahlbr., Symb. Sin. 3: 72 (1930); typus: China, Fukien, Yenping, Buong Kang, 700 m, 1925, Chung F. 330 (W—holotypus!).
Notes. Santesson (1952) recognized only a single species of Echinoplaca with 5-septate ascospores, but indicated that it might be a collective taxon. Based on thallus, apothecial and hyphophore characters, two further taxa were distinguished by subsequent authors: Echinoplaca intercedens Veˇ zda and E. hispida Sipman. In order to establish their identity, we studied the type material of names listed as synonyms of E. pellicula by Santesson (1952). The original collections of Arthonia pellicula Müll. Arg. (G—holotypus!) and Tapellaria gilva Zahlbr. (W—holotypus!) are typical representatives of Echinoplaca pellicula s. str. Arthonia macgregorii Vain. (TUR—holotypus!) is morphologically identical with E. leucotrichoides and may represent a close relative with small, less-septate ascospores, but hyphophores are necessary to establish its taxonomic affinities. Gonolecania tetrapla Zahlbr. has an irregularly dispersed, marginally rugose, strongly nitidous thallus and dark brown, nitidous apothecia. Although hyphophores are absent, there is little doubt that this taxon is conspecific with collections from Costa Rica provisionally identified as Echinoplaca cf. intercedens (Lücking 1997a), and the new combination Echinoplaca tetrapla is therefore established. Echinoplaca tetrapla is morphologically identical with and belongs to a group of species formed by E. lucernifera,
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E. streimannii, E. pachyparaphysata and E. fusconitida, the five taxa forming a transitional series from transversely septate to muriform ascospores. As far as it is known, these species have differentiated diahyphae in which the terminal segment takes the shape of a spermatozoid (Kalb & Veˇ zda 1988; Lücking et al., in prep.). Specimen examined. Australia: Queensland: Track to Mt Misery, 46 km S of Cookstown, 1553 S, 14514 E, 760 m, 1995, Streimann 57618e (CANB).
Echinoplaca sp. Notes. This is probably a new species represented by only scanty material. The apothecia are dark brown, but have a pale pruina, giving them a purplish appearance. Other species of Echinoplaca with dark brown apothecia and single-spored asci, viz. E. similis Kalb & Veˇ zda, E. fusconitida Lücking and E. marginata Lücking, have epruinose apothecia. Specimen examined. Australia: Queensland: Curtain Fig Tree State Forest Park, 11 km ESE of Atherton, 1717 S, 14534 E, 700 km, 1994, Streimann 54029A p.p. (CANB).
Eremothecella cyaneoides Lücking sp. nov. A Eremothecella macrocephala ascosporis minoribus 3–5-septatis differt. Typus: Australia, Queensland, Wrights Creek, Lake Eacham National Park, 16 km E of Atherton, 1716 S, 14538 E, 680 m, July 1994, Streimann 54014B p.p. (CANB—holotypus).
(Figs 1C, 2B) Thallus epiphyllous, continuous or marginally dispersed, smooth, whitish grey. Phycobiont a species of Phycopeltis, cells rectangular, in radiate rows, 9–144–5 m. Apothecia adnate, rounded or slightly irregular, 0·7–1·2 mm diam.; disc dark bluish grey, especially in marginal parts
F. 2. A, Calenia bullatinoides, mature ascus with paraphyses and ascospores (holotype); B, Eremothecella cyaneoides, ascospores [above] and pieces of conidia [below] (holotype); C, Fellhanera tasmanica, ascospores (holotype); D, Fellhaneropsis australiana, ascospores [left] and conidia [right] (holotype); E, Porina vanuatuensis, ascospores (holotype). Scale=10 m.
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with a thick whitish pruina. Hypothecium 5–10 m high, pale yellowish brown; hymenium 50–70 m high, colourless; epithecium composed of horizontal hyphae, pale yellowish to greyish brown. Paraphyses 1 m thick, branched and anastomosing; asci broadly ovoid to almost globose, fissitunicate, 40–7020–40 m. Ascospores 8 per ascus, broadly clavate (macrocephalic), 3–5septate, colourless, 25–358–10 m. Pycnidia applanate, rounded to slightly elongate, 0·2–0·40·2–0·3 mm diam., greyish black; anatomy similar to that of Eremothecella macrocephala. Conidia filiform, mostly broken into 1–3-septate, 25– 351·5–2·0 m large pieces. Notes. Although the present material is scanty, we decided to provide a formal description, considering the systematic implications. Indeed, with its pruinose, bluish apothecia and its filiform conidia, the new species is intermediate between Arthonia cyanea and Eremothecella macrocephala. The former has smaller ascospores with 2–3(–4) septa and regularly rounded pycnidia with bacillar to acicular, 10– 24 m long conidia. The ascospores of Eremothecella macrocephala are much larger (50–7510–15 m) and have more numerous septa, and their proximal cell is enlarged. Notes. The genus Eremothecella is distinguished from Arthonia chiefly by the large ascospores and elongate pycnidia, with the filiform conidia being produced at one end (Sérusiaux 1992; Lücking 1995). Eremothecella cyaneoides provides an intermediate form between the two genera, indicating that Eremothecella as a whole is a small apomorphic entity closely connected to the core of foliicolous Arthonia species. Whether it should then be retained as a separate genus, or recognized at subgeneric level within Arthonia, or emended to include all foliicolous and related corticolous species of the latter, is open to question and can only be solved in a thorough study of Arthonia s. lat. (M. Grube and R. Sundin, pers. comm.).
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Fellhanera subternella (Nyl.) Veˇ zda Notes. Fellhanera subternella forms the centre of the F. subternella group (Lücking 1997b), characterized by a bluish thallus with a simple secondary chemistry (Lücking et al. 1994). The material cited below has a greenish thallus without any bluish tinge, and hence appears intermediate between F. subternella and F. rubida (Müll. Arg.) Lücking. Specimen examined. Australia: Queensland: Kuranda, 1649 S, 14538 E, 380 m, 1994, Streimann 54145 p.p. (CANB).
Fellhanera tasmanica Lücking & Elix sp. nov. A ‘Bacidia’ micrommata thallo sorediato apotheciis discis pallidioribus ascosporis 3–5-septatis differt. Typus: Australia, Tasmania, Ferndene Gorge, 5 km S of Penguin, 4110 S, 14604 E, January 1979, Elix 5688 (CANB—holotypus; hb. Lücking—isotypus).
(Figs 1D, 2C) Thallus epiphyllous, continuous, smooth to minutely farinose but with maculate to irregularly confluent soralia (especially at the margins), pale yellowish grey; soralia chamois-yellow. Phycobiont a species of Chlorococcaceae, cells 4–7 m diam. Apothecia sessile with constricted base, rounded or slightly irregular when old, 0·3– 0·6 mm diam.; disc light chocolate brown, non-pruinose or marginal parts with a thin whitish pruina; margin thin but distinct, not prominent, whitish, partly with a minutely pilose surface. Excipulum strongly encrusted with colourless crystals, which dissolve in KOH, and composed of short threads with globose cells in innermost and cylindrical cells in outermost parts; hypothecium 30– 40 m high, brown; hymenium 60–70 m high, colourless. Paraphyses 0·7–1·0 m thick, slightly branched and anastomosing; asci clavate, with I+ darker tubular structure in the tholus, 50–558–11 m. Ascospores 8 per ascus, oblong-ellipsoid, 3–5-septate, colourless, 12–173–4 m. Pycnidia wart- to barrel-shaped, 0·15 mm diam., whitish to pale chamois-coloured, with wide ostiole. Conidia not seen.
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Notes. Fellhanera tasmanica is known only from the well-developed type collection on an unidentified pteridophyte. It is readily characterized by the sorediate thallus, the brown apothecia with distinct margin, the crystalline exciple and the 3–5-septate ascospores. The only species of Fellhanera with crystalline exciple and sometimes sorediate thallus is F. stanhopeae (Müll. Arg.) Lu¨ cking, Lumbsch & Elix, but this taxon has smaller apothecia with darker discs and large, rounded, whitish verrucae or soralia. Fellhanera tasmanica also resembles Byssoloma syzygii Veˇ zda & Vivant, a species whose generic position remains unclear. It has a similar excipulum, but differs by its non-sorediate thallus and its larger, 5–7septate ascospores. Another similar taxon is Bacidia micrommata, which has an irregularly verrucose, pale bluish grey thallus, darker apothecia with prominent margin, and 3-septate ascospores. The sorediate Badimia cateilea (Vain.) Lücking, Lumbsch & Elix differs from Fellhanera tasmanica by its bluish thallus with regularly rounded, whitish soralia, orange-brown apothecial discs, and unbranched paraphyses. Fellhaneropsis australiana Lücking sp. nov. A Fellhaneropsis vezdae excipulo paraplectenchymatico et ascosporis minoribus differt. Typus: Australia, Victoria, Princes Highway, 9 km NE of Lakes Entrance, 3749 S, 14803 E, 40 m, October 1988, Streimann 39707 (CANB—holotypus).
(Figs 1E, 2D) Thallus epiphyllous, dispersed-laciniate, smooth or with a slightly irregular surface, pale greenish white to pale grey. Phycobiont a species of Chlorococcaceae, cells 5–7 m diam. Apothecia sessile with constricted base, rounded or slightly irregular when old, 0·25– 0·3 mm diam.; disc ferrugineous brown, slightly convex; margin thin, soon disappearing, pinkish. Excipulum paraplectenchymatous, 15–20 m broad, pale yellowish brown; hypothecium 20–30 m high, dark brown; hymenium 40–50 m high, colour-
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less. Paraphyses 0·7 m thick, branched and anastomosing; asci clavate, with I+ darker tubular structure in the tholus, 40–508– 12 m. Ascospores 8 per ascus, narrowly fusiform with the proximal end tapering, (3–)7septate, colourless, 20–302·5–3·5 m. Pycnidia barrel-shaped, 0·07–0·1 mm diam., pale flesh-coloured to pinkish with brownish bases, their walls paraplectenchymatous. Conidia acicular, 3–7-septate, 40–500·5–0·7 m. Notes. This new species is placed in Fellhaneropsis because of its dispersed thallus with uneven surface, small, slightly convex apothecia with a waxy appearance, and acicular-filiform conidia. So far, Fellhaneropsis comprises three species (Sérusiaux 1996; Thor et al. 2000), chiefly distinguished by ascospore septation and pycnidial anatomy. While F. myrtillicola (Erichs.) Sérus. & Coppins and F. kurokawana Thor, Lücking & Matsumoto have 3(–5)-septate ascospores 14–25 m long, those of F. vezdae (Coppins & James) Sérus. & Coppins are irregularly (3–)7-septate and 30–40 m long. In F. myrtillicola, the pycnidia arise from apothecia, and, as in F. kurokawana, are provided with palisadic hyphae in their upper part which enclose the conidial mass. Such hyphae are absent in F. vezdae and F. australiana. Thus, the new species closely resembles F. vezdae, from which it differs in its distinctly paraplectenchymatous exciple, shorter ascospores, and somewhat longer conidia. Microtheliopsis aff. uleana Müll. Arg. Notes. The specimens cited below differ from Microtheliopsis uleana in their smaller perithecia and consistently 1-septate ascospores. Cavalcante et al. (1972) established the name Scutomyces concentricus J. L. Bezerra & Cavalc. for a taxon with 1-septate ascospores, which Lücking et al. (1998), however, considered to be only a depauperate form of M. uleana. At first glance, the present material seems to confirm the validity of Scutomyces concentricus, but a re-examination of the type revealed that the latter is a lichenicolous
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species of Stigmidium on a sterile thallus of Microtheliopsis, related to or identical with Stigmidium porinae Matzer. The perithecia of this taxon and of the present Microtheliopsis are very similar, especially since those of the Stigmidium are also concentrically arranged. However, besides differences in perithecial anatomy and ascus structure, the ascospores of Stigmidium are colourless and narrower, while those of the genuine Microtheliopsis are greyish brown and broader. Thus, the epithet concentricus cannot be adopted for the present material, but probably belongs in synonymy with Stigmidium porinae, while the Microtheliopsis, which has also been found in tropical Africa, remains undescribed for the moment, but will be dealt with formally in another paper (K. Kalb, pers. comm.). Specimen examined. Australia: Queensland: Gillies Highway, 5 km SW of Gordonvale, 1708 S, 14546 E, 25 m, 1994, Streimann 53983A (CANB, hb. Lücking).
Opegrapha cf. lambinonii Sérus. Notes. Unfortunately, the collections are sterile or bear young apothecia without mature ascospores, but the morphology of thallus and goniocystangia point to Opegrapha lambinonii. Specimens examined. Australia: Queensland: Wrights Creek, Lake Eacham National Park, 16 km E of Atherton, 1716 S, 14538 E, 680 m, 1994, Streimann 54014B p.p. (CANB); Wooroonooran National Park, Josephine Falls, 12 km SW of Babinda, 1726 S, 14552 E, 70 m, 1998, Streimann & Mischler 61654 (CANB).
Porina subepiphylla var. australiensis (Lücking & Veˇ zda) Lücking comb. nov. Porina lucida var. australiensis Lücking & Veˇ zda, Willdenowia 28: 209 (1998); typus: Australia, Queensland, Streimann 37663a (UPS—holotypus!).
Notes. Owing to its comparatively large, lens-shaped perithecia, this taxon was considered a variety of Porina lucida (Lücking & Veˇ zda 1998). However, the yellowish (not greenish), matt thallus and perithecia and the broad ascospores indicate a closer relationship with the neotropical P. subepiphylla Lücking & Veˇ zda. We even considered the
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possibility that the two taxa are conspecific, but the consistently larger, lens-shaped perithecia of the Australian populations (smaller and wart-shaped in P. subepiphylla var. subepiphylla) justify its separation at the intraspecific level. Specimens examined. Australia: Queensland: Wrights Creek, Lake Eacham National Park, 16 km E of Atherton, 1716 S, 14538 E, 680 m, 1994, Streimann 54001A, 54014B p.p. (CANB); Daintree National Park, Mossman Gorge, 6 km W of Mossman, 1628 S, 14519 E, 80 m, 1998, Streimann 61677 (CANb); Kuranda, Jumrum Creek, 1649 S, 14538 E, 360 m, 1998, Streimann 61661 (CANB); Mt. Spec State Forest, Paluma Range, 6 km W of Paluma, 1901 S, 14609 E, 920 m, 1986, Elix & Streimann 20250 (CANB).
Porina aff. trichothelioides R. Sant. Notes. Porina trichothelioides, P. nitidula Müll. Arg. and P. atrocoerulea Müll. Arg. form a group of closely related species, all with black, subglobose perithecia differing in ascospore septation (5- vs. 7-septate) and the formation of pale hairs around the ostiole. Porina trichothelioides and P. atrocoerulea (ascospores 7-septate) can be distinguished by pilose versus glabrous perithecia, whereas P. nitidula (ascospores 5-septate) is more variable in this respect, ranging from having almost smooth to very shortly pilose perithecia but typically having a whitish tomentum or papillae. The specimens cited below have 5-septate ascospores, but their ostiolar hairs are extremely well-developed and resemble those of P. trichothelioides. Specimen examined. Australia: Queensland: Kuranda, 1649 S, 14538 E, 380 m, 1994, Streimann 54145 p.p. (CANB).
Porina vanuatuensis Lücking sp. nov. A Porina atriceps peritheciis basaliter expansis et ascosporis majoribus bacilliformibusque differt. Typus: Vanuatu, Espiritu Santo, Mt Malel, 30 km NNW of Luganville, 1515 S, 16706 E, 180 m, October 1998, Streimann & Ala 62259B (CANB— holotypus).
(Figs 1F, 2E) Thallus epiphyllous, continuous but marginally effuse-dispersed, up to 50 mm
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across, encrusted with calcium oxalate crystals, with slightly irregular surface, light greenish. Phycobiont a species of Phycopeltis, cells angular-rounded to rectangular, 7–123–5 m, in irregularly arranged plates. Perithecia numerous and dense, Mexican hat-shaped, 0·5–0·7 mm diam., their central part strongly prominent, conical when young and hemispherical to wart-shaped when mature, 0·2–0·3 mm diam., greyish brown, their basal part strongly expanded, forming a 0·15–0·2 mm broad, light greenish rim. Perithecial wall as in Porina atriceps, dark brownish in upper part. Paraphyses 0·7 m thick, unbranched; asci narrowly fusiform, 70–908–10 m. Ascospores 8 per ascus, bacillar with acute ends, 7-septate, colourless, 35–452·5–3·0 m. Pycnidia often abundant, of the same shape as the perithecia but much smaller (0·15–0·2 mm diam.) and with conical central part. Conidia (microconidia) fusiform, non-septate, 2·5–3·00·5–0·7 m. Notes. Porina vanuatuensis is another species in the diverse and complex P. epiphylla-aggregate (Lücking & Veˇ zda 1998). It is distinguished by its Mexican hat-shaped perithecia with prominent dark centre, in combination with bacillar, comparatively narrow ascospores 12–15 times as long as broad. Due to its centrally dark perithecia, the new species is externally most similar to P. atriceps (Vain.) Vain. and P. atropunctata Lücking & Veˇ zda. In both those taxa, however, the perithecia lack an expanded base, and the dark part is restricted to a narrow area around the ostiole; furthermore, the ascospores are smaller. Ascospores like those of P. vanuatuensis are known only from P. mirabilis Lücking & Veˇ zda, but in that species, the perithecia are applanately lens-shaped, with no separation between a prominent central and an expanded lateral part. Additional specimen examined. Vanuatu: Espiritu Santo: Mt Malel, 30 km NNW of Luganville, 1515 S, 16706 E, 180 m, 1998, Streimann & Ala 62242 (CANB).
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Gen. nov. et sp. nov. Notes. This undescribed taxon will be formally treated in another paper (E. Sérusiaux & C. Smith, pers. comm.). It is widely distributed in the Pacific, but apparently overlooked because of its very small thallus. Ascocarps are unknown, but the species features characteristic goniocystangia similar to those of certain Opegrapha species (Sérusiaux 1985). Otherwise, its thallus is quite similar to that of Phyllophiale alba. Its generic affinities are completely unclear. Specimen examined. Australia: Queensland: Moses Creek, 35 km SSE of Cooktown, 1547 S, 14517 E, 240 m, 1995, Streimann 57612A (CANB).
Updated checklist of foliicolus lichens from Australia This updated checklist of foliicolous lichens from Australia (excluding Tasmania) is based on Santesson & Tibell (1988) and Kalb & Veˇ zda (1994). Additional records are based on (a)=Veˇ zda & Kalb (1991), (b)=Veˇ zda (1994), (c)=Lücking et al. (1994), (d)=Thor (1997), (e)=Veˇ zda (1997), (f)=Lücking & Veˇ zda (1998), (g)=Malcolm et al. (1999), (h)=Kalb et al. (2000), (i)=Lücking & Henssen (in prep.), (k)=Lücking et al. (this paper), (l)=Ralston (1999), (m)=McCarthy et al. (2001). Anisomeridium foliicola R. Sant. & Tibell Arthonia aciniformis Stirt. (i) A. accolens Stirt. (a) A. cyanea Müll. Arg. A. lividula Vain. A. nigratula (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. A. palmulacea (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. (a) A. trilocularis Müll. Arg. Aspidothelium fugiens (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. A. scutellicarpum Lücking (k) A. verruculosom R. Sant. Aulaxina dictyospora R. Sant. A. epiphylla (Zahlbr.) R. Sant. A. opegraphina Fée (a) Aulaxina sp. (k) Bacidia micrommata (Kremp.) R. Sant. (k) Bacidina apiahica (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda B. defecta Veˇ zda (b)
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B. mirabilis (Veˇ zda) Veˇ zda (i) B. pallidocarnea (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda B. scutellifera (Veˇ zda) Veˇ zda (k) Badimia pallidula (Kremp.) Veˇ zda (c) B. polillensis (Vain.) Veˇ zda Badimiella serusiauxii Malcolm & Veˇ zda (k) Bapalmuia palmularis (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. (i) B. sorediata Kalb & Lücking (h) Bullatina aspidota (Vain.) Veˇ zda & Poelt Byssoloma annuum (Vain.) G. Thor, Lücking & Matsumoto (k) =B. clauzadei Kalb & Veˇ zda B. aurantiacum Kalb & Veˇ zda (a) B. chlorinum (Vain.) Zahlbr. (i) B. confusum Farkas & Veˇ zda (k) B. discordans (Vain.) Zahlbr. B. leucoblepharum (Nyl.) Vain. B. marginatum (Arnold) Sérus. (k) B. microcarpum Kalb & Veˇ zda B. murinum Veˇ zda B. subdiscordans (Nyl.) P. James B. subleucoblepharum G. Thor. Lücking & Matsumoto (k) B. subundulatum (Stirt.) Veˇ zda B. vanderystii Sérus. Calenia bullatinoides Lücking (k) C. depressa Müll. Arg. (a) C. aff. dictyospora Lu¨ cking (k) C. graphidea Vain. C. leptocarpa Vain. C. microcarpa Veˇ zda C. phyllogena (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. (k) C. aff. phyllogena (Mu¨ ll. Arg.) R. Sant (k) C. subdepressa Lücking (k) C. thelotremella Vain. Calopadia foliicola (Fée) Veˇ zda (i) C. fusca (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda C. perpallida (Nyl.) Veˇ zda (k) C. phyllogena (Mu¨ ll. Arg.) R. Sant. (k) C. puiggarii (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda C. subcoerulescens (Zahlbr.) Veˇ zda C. subfusca Kalb & Veˇ zda (k) Caprettia nyssaegenoides Se´ rus (in ed.) (k) Chroodiscus australiensis Veˇ zda & Lumbsch C. mirificus (Kremp.) R. Sant. Coenogonium curvulum Zahlbr. C. dilucidum (Kremp.) Kalb & Lücking =Dimerella d. (Kremp.) R. Sant. C. fallaciosum (Müll. Arg.) Kalb & Lücking =Dimerella f. (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda C. flavicans (Veˇ zda & Farkas) Kalb & Lücking (i) =Dimerella f. Veˇ zda & Farkas C. hypophyllum (Veˇ zda) Kalb & Lücking =Dimerella h. Veˇ zda
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C. aff. isidiiferum (Lu¨ cking) Lu¨ cking (k) C. lisowskii (Veˇ zda) Lücking =Dimerella l. Veˇ zda C. queenslandicum (Kalb & Veˇ zda) Lücking =Dimerella q. Kalb & Veˇ zda C. subluteum (Rehm) Kalb & Lücking =Dimerella epiphylla (Müll. Arg.) Malme C. zonatum (Müll. Arg.) Kalb & Lücking =Dimerella z. (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. Cryptothecia inexspectata G. Thor (d) Echinoplaca epiphylla Fée E. cf. hispida Sipman (k) E. leucotrichoides (Vain.) R. Sant. E. pellicula (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. E. tetrapla (Zahlbr.) Lücking (k) Echinoplaca sp. (k) Enterographa bella R. Sant. (l) Eremothecella calamicola Syd. (a) E. cyaneoides Lücking (k) E. macrocephala (R. Sant.) G. Thor, Lücking & Matsumoto =Stirtonia m. R. Sant. Fellhanera bouteillei (Desm.) Veˇ zda F. bullata Kalb & Veˇ zda F. endopurpurea Hafellner & Veˇ zda F. fuscatula (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda =F. dominicana (Vain.) Veˇ zda F. mastothallina (Vain.) Lücking & Sérus. =Bacidina m. (Vain.) Veˇ zda F. parvula (Veˇ zda) Veˇ zda (k) F. microdiscus (Vain.) Veˇ zda F. rhapidophylli (Rehm) Veˇ zda (k) F. semecarpi (Vain.) Veˇ zda F. subfuscatula Lücking =F. fuscatula auct. non (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda F. subternella (Nyl.) Veˇ zda Fellhaneropsis australiana Lücking Gyalectidium caucasicum (Elenkin & Woron.) Veˇ zda G. filicinum Müll. Arg. G. flabellatum Sérus. (k) G. imperfectum Veˇ zda (b) G. novoguineense Sérus. (k) G. radiatum G. Thor, Lücking & Matsumoto (k) G. verruculosum Sérus. (k) Gyalidea epiphylla Veˇ zda Gyalideopsis rubescens Veˇ zda G. verruculosa Veˇ zda & Hafellner Lasioloma arachnoideum (Kremp.) R. Sant. L. phycophilum (Vain.) R. Sant. (i) L. phycophorum (Vain.) R. Sant. (k) L. trichophorum (Vain.) R. Sant. (k) Loflammia epiphylla (Fée) Lücking & Veˇ zda =L. flammea (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda Lyromma nectandrae Bat. & H. Maia (k) Macentina perminuta Veˇ zda (a)
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Foliicolous lichens from Australasia—Lücking et al.
Malcolmiella cinereovirens var. isidiata Veˇ zda (e) Mazosia aptrootii Sipman M. bambusae (Vain.) R. Sant. M. melanophthalma (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. M. paupercula (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. M. phyllosema (Nyl.) Zahlbr. M. quadriseptata Kalb & Veˇ zda M. tomentifera Veˇ zda & Lumbsch Microtheliopsis uleana Müll. Arg. M. aff. uleana Müll. Arg. (k) Musaespora kalbii Lücking & Sérus. Opegrapha lambinonii Sérus. (k) O. luzonensis Sérus. O. puiggarii Müll. Arg. O. viridistellata Sérus. (i) Phyllobathelium nigrum R. Sant. & Tibell Phylloblastia dolichospora Vain. Phyllophiale alba R. Sant. Pocsia borhidii (Farkas & Veˇ zda) Lücking & Kalb =Macentina b, Farkas & Veˇ zda Pocsia triseptata Kalb & Veˇ zda Porina albicera (Kremp.) Overeem (k) P. atriceps (Vain.) Vain. =P. epiphylla var. atriceps Vain. P. atropunctata Lücking & Veˇ zda (f) P. athertonii Sipman P. chrysophora (Stirt.) R. Sant. (i) P. conica R. Sant. P. corruscans (Rehm) R. Sant. P. cupreola (Müll. Arg.) F. Schill. P. dwesica Brusse (i) P. epiphylla (Fée) Fée P. fulvella Müll. Arg. P. homala R. Sant. P. imitatrix Müll. Arg. P. impressa R. Sant. P. limbulata (Kremp.) Vain. P. longispora Veˇ zda P. lucida R. Sant. P. minutissima Henssen & Lücking (f) P. nitidula Müll. Arg. P. octomera (Müll. Arg.) F. Schill. (i) P. rubentior (Stirt.) Müll. Arg. (k) P. rufula (Kremp.) Vain. P. semecarpi Vain. P. similis Kalb & Veˇ zda P. sphaerocephala Vain. (i) P. subapplanata Malcolm et al. (g) P. subepiphylla var. australiensis (Lücking & Veˇ zda) Lücking (f) P. subnucula Lücking & Veˇ zda (k) P. trichothelioides R. Sant. (i) P. aff trichothelioides R. Sant. (k) P. virescens (Kremp.) R. Sant. Psorotheciopsis patellarioides (Rehm) R. Sant. (k) Semigyalecta paradoxa Vain.
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Sporopodium aurantiacum (Müll. Arg.) Lücking (k) S. citrinum (Zahlbr.) Elix, Lumbsch & Lücking (k) S. flavescens (R. Sant.) Veˇ zda S. leprieurii Mont. S. phyllocharis (Mont.) A. Massal. S. xantholeucum (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. Strigula antillorum (Fe´ e) Mu¨ ll. Arg. (k) S. concreta (Fée) R. Sant. S. janeirensis (Müll. Arg.) Lücking =Raciborskiella j. (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. S. macrocarpa Vain. S. maculata (Cooke & Massee) R. Sant. S. melanobapha (Kremp.) R. Sant. (k) S. microspora Lücking (i) S. multipunctata (R. Sant.) R. C. Harris =Phylloporis m. (R. Sant.) Veˇ zda S. nemathora Mont. (a) S. nitidula Mont. S. obducta (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris =Phylloporis o. (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. & Tibell S. orbicularis Fr. S. phyllogena (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris =Phylloporis p. (Müll. Arg.) Clem. S. platypoda (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris (a) =Phylloporis p. (Müll. Arg.) Veˇ zda S. prasina Müll. Arg. =Raciborskiella p. (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. S. smaragdula Fr. S. subelegans Vain. (k) S. subtilissima (Fée) Müll. Arg. Tapellaria phyllophila (Stirt.) R. Sant. T. molleri (Henriq.) R. Sant. (k) Tricharia albostrigosa R. Sant. T. guatemalensis Lücking & Barillas (i) T. helminthospora (R. Sant.) Henssen T. papillifera Lücking (i) T. plana Veˇ zda T. vainioi R. Sant. T. verrucosa Sérus. (k) Trichothelium alboatrum Vain. T. epiphyllum Müll. Arg. T. javanicum (F. Schill.) Veˇ zda T. nanum Malcolm & Veˇ zda (m) Gen. nov. et sp. nov.
Excluded species and corrected identifications Crytothecia candida (Kremp.) R. Sant. (C. inexspectata G. Thor) Porina epiphylloides Veˇ zda (P. minutissima Henssen & Lücking) P. kamerunensis F. Schill. (P. chrysophora (Stirt.) R. Sant.)
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P. pseudofulvella Sérus. (P. rufula (Kremp.) Vain.) Trichothelium minus Vain. (T. javanicum (F. Schill.) Veˇ zda) The authors wish to thank W. M. Malcolm and P. M. McCarthy very warmly for valuable information on the Australian lichen flora and for fruitful discussions on the taxonomy of certain species, as well as critical revision of the manuscript. R Aptroot, A. & Sipman, H. J. M. (1993) Musaespora, a genus of pyrenocarpous lichens with campylidia, and other additions to the foliicolous lichen flora of New Guinea. Lichenologist 25: 121–135. Aptroot, A., Diederich, P., Sérusiaux, E. & Sipman, H. J. M. (1997) Lichens and lichenicolous fungi from New Guinea. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 64: 1–220. Cavalcante, W. de A., Bezerra, J. L. & Leal, F. de B. (1972) Novos ascoliquens foliicolas de Brasil. Publicaçôes, Instituto de Micologia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco 675: 1–17. Kalb, K. & Veˇ zda, A. (1988) Neue oder bemerkenswerte Arten der Flechtenfamilie Gomphillaceae in der Neotropis. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 29: 1–80. Kalb, K. & Veˇ zda, A. (1994) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der foliicolen Flechten australischer Regenwälder IV. Bulletin de la Societé linneene du Provence 45: 235–246. Kalb, K., Lücking, R. & Sérusiaux, E. (2000) Studies in Bacidia sensu lato (Lichenized Ascomycetes: Lecanorales). I. The genus Bapalmuia Sérus. Mycotaxon 75: 281–309. Lücking, R. (1995) Additions and corrections to the foliicolous lichen flora of Costa Rica. The family Arthoniaceae, with notes on the genus Stirtonia. Lichenologist 27: 127–153. Lücking, R. (1997a) Additions and corrections to the knowledge of the foliicolous lichen flora of Costa Rica, Central America. The family Gomphillaceae. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 65: 1–109. Lücking, R. (1997b) Additions and corrections to the knowledge of the foliicolous lichen flora of Costa Rica, Central America. The genus Fellhanera, with notes on Bacidia pauciseptata. Tropical Bryology 13: 141–173. Lücking, R. & Kalb, K. (2000) Foliikole Flechten aus Brasilien (vornehmlich Amazonien), inklusive einer Checkliste und Bemerkungen zu Coenogonium und Dimerella (Gyalectaceae). Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik 122: 1–161. Lücking, R. & Kalb, K. (2001) New Caledonia, foliicolous lichens, and island biogeography. Bibliotheca Lichenologica, in press. Lücking, R. & Veˇ zda, A. (1998) Taxonomic studies in foliicolous species of the genus Porina (lichenized
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Ascomycotina: Trichotheliaceae). II. The Porina epiphylla group. Willdenowia 28: 181–225. Lücking, R., Lumbsch, T. H. & Elix, J. A. (1994) Chemistry, anatomy and morphology of foliicolous species of the genera Fellhanera and Badimia (Lichenized Ascomycotina: Lecanorales). Botanica Acta 107: 393–401. Lücking, R., Sérusiaux, E., Maia, L. C. & Pereira, E. C. G. (1998) A revision of the names of foliicolous lichenized fungi published by Batista and coworkers between 1960 and 1975. Lichenologist 30: 121–191. Malcolm, W. M., Veˇ zda, A., McCarthy, P. M. & Kantvilas, G. (1999) Porina subapplanata, a new species from New Zealand and Australia. Australasian Lichenology 45: 22–27. McCarthy, P. M., Kantvilas, G. & Veˇ zda, A. (2001) Foliicolous lichens in Tasmania. Australasian Lichenology 48: 16–26. Ralston, K. (1999) Additional lichen records from Australia 38. Enterographa bella R. Sant. Australasian Lichenology 44: 6. Santesson, R. (1952) Foliicolous Lichens. I. A revision of the taxonomy of the obligately foliicolous, lichenized fungi. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 12: 1–590. Santesson, R. & Lücking, R. (1999) Additions to the foliicolous lichen flora of the Ivory Coast and Guinea (Tropical West Africa). Nordic Journal of Botany 19: 719–734. Santesson, R. & Tibell, L. (1988) Foliicolous lichens from Australia. Austrobaileya 2: 529–545. Sérusiaux, E. (1985) Goniocysts, goniocystangia and Opegrapha lambinonii and related species. Lichenologist 17: 1–25. Sérusiaux, E. (1992) Reinstatement of the lichenized genus Eremothecella Sydow. Systema Ascomycetum 11: 39–47. Sérusiaux, E. (1996) Foliicolous lichens from Madeira, with the description of a new genus and two new species and a world-wide key of foliicolous Fellhanera. Lichenologist 28: 197–227. Thor, G. (1997) The genus Cryptothecia in Australia and New Zealand and the circumscription of the genus. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 32: 267–289. Thor, G., Lücking, R. & Matsumoto, T. (2000) The foliicolous lichen flora of Japan. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 32: 1–72. Veˇ zda, A. (1994) Neue foliicole Flechten II. Nova Hedwigia 58: 123–143. Veˇ zda, A. (1997) Schedae ad lichenes rariores exsiccati, Fasc. XXVII: 1–7. Published by the author. Veˇ zda, A. & Kalb, K. (1991) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der foliikolen Flechten australischer Regenwälder III. Nova Hedwigia 53: 215–228. Veˇ zda, A. & Poelt, J. (1987) Flechtensystematische Studien XII. Die Familie Gomphillaceae und ihre Gliederung. Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica, Praha 22: 179–198.
Accepted for publication 22 December 2000