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Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase activity associated with age at menopause and reproductive history
Citations from the Literature and the consequences of such an infection are not well understood. A review of reported cases in the world literature indicates a high risk to the fetus once the virus crosses the placenta.
295
Relationship between serum estrogen and level of apolipoprotein E in human ovarian folficular fluid
Pickles CJ; Brinkman CR; Stainer K; Cowley AJ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Nottingham; United Kingdom American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology; 160/3 (678680) /1989/ Forearm venous tone was measured throughout pregnancy in 68 nulliparous women thought to be at high risk of the development of gestational hypertension. Normotensive pregnancy was associated with a progressive venodilatation. Gestational hypertension subsequently developed in 12 women. Before the onset of hypertension, these 12 women showed a greater degree of venodilatation, compared with women who remained normotensive throughout their pregnancies (p < 0.001). As the hypertension became manifest, the women became relatively venoconstricted (p < 0.001). Simple, noninvasive measurements of forearm venous tone provide important information about the pathophysiology of gestational hypertension and may be useful in the detection of women who are at increased risk.
Brown SA; Hay RV; Schreiber JR Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 6063 7; USA Fertility and Sterility/51/4 (639~643)1989/ Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is an important effector of plasma lipoprotein due to its interaction with cell-surface receptors. In addition, it is secreted by rat and human ovarian granulosa cells in tissue culture, and its production is hormonally modulated. Such observations indicate that apoE should be found in human follicular fluid (FF) and that its abundance therein may be subject to hormonal regulation. The authors have collected FF from seven normally cycling women by needle puncture at the time of laparoscopy and from hyperstimulated ovaries of four women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Apolipoprotein E is present in human FF. The ratio of apoE concentration in FF to that in serum, as determined by western blot analysis, ranged from 0.43 to 4.2 for the normally cycling patients and from 0.16 to 0.77 for the IVF patients. Serum estrogen levels (range, 42 to 477 pg/ml) for the cycling patients are inversely correlated with the FF-to-serum ratio of apoE (r = 0.91). The content of apoE in FF, relative to serum, thus falls dramatically as the follicle approaches ovulation. These data, plus the known ability of apoE to carry cholesterol and other lipids, suggest an important role for apoE in the ovary.
ENDOCRINOLOGY
Twenty-four-hour progesterone and luteinizing hormone profiles in the midluteal phase of the infertile patient: Correlation with other indicators of luteal phase insufficiency
Changes in peripheral venous tone before the onset hypertension in women with gestational hypertension
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Galactose-l-phosphate uridyl transferase activity associated with age at menopause and reproductive history
Cramer DW; Harlow BL; Barbieri RL; Ng WC Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; USA Fertility and Sterility/5 l/4 (609-615)/ 1989/ Reproductive history was obtained and the activity and electrophoretic pattern of the blood enzyme galactose-l-phosphate uridyl transferase (transferase) was measured in 104 adult Caucasian women, < 70 years of age, sampled from the general population. Fifteen women were identifed as carriers for the Duarte @t(D)) or galactosemia (gt) variants of transferse - genes associated with reducted transferase activity compared with normal (Gt+). The mean age at menopause for 8 women with a natural menopause who were Gt(D)/Gt+ or gt/ Gt’ was 44.8, significantly younger (P = 0.007) than the mean age of 49.2 reported by 31 naturally postmenopausal subjects with Gt+/Gt+ genotypes and normal transferase activity. Compared with the latter group, women who were Duarte or galactosemia carriers were 13.7 times more likely to have a menopause before age 48 (with 95% confidence limits of 2.0 to 95.5). Six of 13 (46%) married women who were Gt(D)/Gt+ or gt/Gt+ reported more than 2 years’ trying to achieve a pregnancy, compared with 11 of 74 (15%) with normal genotypes and activity (P = 0.02). The authors conclude that genetic deficiency of transferase may be associated with infertility and early menopause.
Olive DL; Thomford PJ; Torres SE; Lambert TS; Rosen GF Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR; USA Fertility and Sterility/51/4 (587-592)/1989/ The authors have further analyzed women diagnosed as having luteal phase insufficiency in hope of determining the value of specific screening tests as well as determining the degree of heterogeneity of pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in the disorder. Twelve women with the disorder were identified, 6 with two consecutive midluteal serum progesterone (P) levels < 10 ng/ml (group 1) and 6 with two consecutive late luteal phase endometrial biopsies out of phase (group 2); 4 infertile women with normal serum P and late luteal biopsies also were studied (group 3). All underwent serum sampling for P and luteinizing hormone (LH) at 20-minute intervals for 24 hours, beginning at 9:00 A.M. of day 7 post-LH surge. No significant differences were noted among the three groups for LH area under the curve, pulse frequency, or pulse amplitude. Furthermore, no differences were ascertained for P area under the curve. However, individuals were identified who had one or more hormonal abnormalities but no abnormal biopsy, as well as patients with normal hormonal profiles but having abnormal endometrial development. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves demonstrated that pooled morning serum P levels provided optimal predictive ability of biopsy results. The authors conclude that luteal phase insufficiency is a heterogeneous disorder, and that neither endometrial biopsy nor serum hormonal analysis obviates the need for the other. Int J Gynecol Obstet 30
295
Relationship between serum estrogen and level of apolipoprotein E in human ovarian folficular fluid
Pickles CJ; Brinkman CR; Stainer K; Cowley AJ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Nottingham; United Kingdom American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology; 160/3 (678680) /1989/ Forearm venous tone was measured throughout pregnancy in 68 nulliparous women thought to be at high risk of the development of gestational hypertension. Normotensive pregnancy was associated with a progressive venodilatation. Gestational hypertension subsequently developed in 12 women. Before the onset of hypertension, these 12 women showed a greater degree of venodilatation, compared with women who remained normotensive throughout their pregnancies (p < 0.001). As the hypertension became manifest, the women became relatively venoconstricted (p < 0.001). Simple, noninvasive measurements of forearm venous tone provide important information about the pathophysiology of gestational hypertension and may be useful in the detection of women who are at increased risk.
Brown SA; Hay RV; Schreiber JR Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 6063 7; USA Fertility and Sterility/51/4 (639~643)1989/ Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is an important effector of plasma lipoprotein due to its interaction with cell-surface receptors. In addition, it is secreted by rat and human ovarian granulosa cells in tissue culture, and its production is hormonally modulated. Such observations indicate that apoE should be found in human follicular fluid (FF) and that its abundance therein may be subject to hormonal regulation. The authors have collected FF from seven normally cycling women by needle puncture at the time of laparoscopy and from hyperstimulated ovaries of four women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Apolipoprotein E is present in human FF. The ratio of apoE concentration in FF to that in serum, as determined by western blot analysis, ranged from 0.43 to 4.2 for the normally cycling patients and from 0.16 to 0.77 for the IVF patients. Serum estrogen levels (range, 42 to 477 pg/ml) for the cycling patients are inversely correlated with the FF-to-serum ratio of apoE (r = 0.91). The content of apoE in FF, relative to serum, thus falls dramatically as the follicle approaches ovulation. These data, plus the known ability of apoE to carry cholesterol and other lipids, suggest an important role for apoE in the ovary.
ENDOCRINOLOGY
Twenty-four-hour progesterone and luteinizing hormone profiles in the midluteal phase of the infertile patient: Correlation with other indicators of luteal phase insufficiency
Changes in peripheral venous tone before the onset hypertension in women with gestational hypertension
of
Galactose-l-phosphate uridyl transferase activity associated with age at menopause and reproductive history
Cramer DW; Harlow BL; Barbieri RL; Ng WC Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; USA Fertility and Sterility/5 l/4 (609-615)/ 1989/ Reproductive history was obtained and the activity and electrophoretic pattern of the blood enzyme galactose-l-phosphate uridyl transferase (transferase) was measured in 104 adult Caucasian women, < 70 years of age, sampled from the general population. Fifteen women were identifed as carriers for the Duarte @t(D)) or galactosemia (gt) variants of transferse - genes associated with reducted transferase activity compared with normal (Gt+). The mean age at menopause for 8 women with a natural menopause who were Gt(D)/Gt+ or gt/ Gt’ was 44.8, significantly younger (P = 0.007) than the mean age of 49.2 reported by 31 naturally postmenopausal subjects with Gt+/Gt+ genotypes and normal transferase activity. Compared with the latter group, women who were Duarte or galactosemia carriers were 13.7 times more likely to have a menopause before age 48 (with 95% confidence limits of 2.0 to 95.5). Six of 13 (46%) married women who were Gt(D)/Gt+ or gt/Gt+ reported more than 2 years’ trying to achieve a pregnancy, compared with 11 of 74 (15%) with normal genotypes and activity (P = 0.02). The authors conclude that genetic deficiency of transferase may be associated with infertility and early menopause.
Olive DL; Thomford PJ; Torres SE; Lambert TS; Rosen GF Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR; USA Fertility and Sterility/51/4 (587-592)/1989/ The authors have further analyzed women diagnosed as having luteal phase insufficiency in hope of determining the value of specific screening tests as well as determining the degree of heterogeneity of pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in the disorder. Twelve women with the disorder were identified, 6 with two consecutive midluteal serum progesterone (P) levels < 10 ng/ml (group 1) and 6 with two consecutive late luteal phase endometrial biopsies out of phase (group 2); 4 infertile women with normal serum P and late luteal biopsies also were studied (group 3). All underwent serum sampling for P and luteinizing hormone (LH) at 20-minute intervals for 24 hours, beginning at 9:00 A.M. of day 7 post-LH surge. No significant differences were noted among the three groups for LH area under the curve, pulse frequency, or pulse amplitude. Furthermore, no differences were ascertained for P area under the curve. However, individuals were identified who had one or more hormonal abnormalities but no abnormal biopsy, as well as patients with normal hormonal profiles but having abnormal endometrial development. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves demonstrated that pooled morning serum P levels provided optimal predictive ability of biopsy results. The authors conclude that luteal phase insufficiency is a heterogeneous disorder, and that neither endometrial biopsy nor serum hormonal analysis obviates the need for the other. Int J Gynecol Obstet 30