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Galbanum resin
Fragrance raw materials monographs
39S
GALBANUM RESIN Synonym: Ferula resin. CAS Registry No. 9000-24-2 Description: A semi-liquid, dark amber or brownish-golden material with an intensely rich-green, woodybalsamic odour (Arctander, 1960). Components: Components of galbanum resin include ~t-terpinyl acetate, ~t-fenchyl acetate, guaiol, bulnesol, fl-eudesmol; (Z)-dihydrofarnesol, 10-epi-elemol, cis-guai-9-en-ll-ol, (Z)-dihydrofarnesal, (E)-dihydrofarnesol, /~-dihydroagarofuran, 10-epi-junenol and epi-ligulyl oxide (Lawrence, 1983). Physical properties: Flash point Specific gravity
>200°F; CC 1.020
[FMA] [FMA]
Preparation: By extraction with a hydrocarbon solvent and subsequent removal of the solvent after filtration (Arctander, 1960). Natural occurrence: A gum-resin from Ferula galbaniflua Boiss. and Buhse and other Ferula species (Fam. Umbelliferae) (Naves, 1974).
Biological data Acute toxicity. The oral LDs0 in rats exceeded 5 g/kg based on 4/10 deaths at that dose, and the dermal LDs0 in rabbits exceeded 5 g/kg based on 1/5 deaths (McGee, 1974). Irritation. As part of a dermal LDs0 study, 5 g/kg of the undiluted material produced no irritation on rabbits after an occluded application for 24 hr (McGee, 1974). As part of a phototoxicity test, irritation was evaluated after open patch application to hairless mice and miniature swine. The undiluted material was not irritating (Urbach and Forbes, 1974). A 24-72-hr closed patch test on 118 human subjects, some with dermatoses, produced no irritation at a concentration of 0,1% (vehicle not specified), nor did 2% on 20 subjects, or 20% on 29 subjects (Fujii et al., 1972). A 48-hr closed patch test with 8% in petrolatum on the backs of five volunteers produced no irritation (Kligman, 1974). Sensitization. A 22-yr-old patient who developed contact dermatitis to benzoin tincture followed by non-eczematous exanthem was given 18 closed patch tests with various gums. A cross-sensitization reaction was produced by galbanum gum (concentration and vehicle unknown) (Spott and Shelley, 1970). A maximization test (Kligman, 1966; Kligman and Epstein, 1975) was carried out with 8% in petrolatum on 25 volunteers. No reactions were produced (Kligman, 1974). This test concentration was based on a reported maximum concentration of 0.8% in consumer products. Phototoxicity. No phototoxic effects were produced when the undiluted material was applied to the skin of hairless mice or miniature swine followed by UVA irradiation by blacklight or xenon lamp (Urbach and Forbes, 1974). Miscellaneous. Using a standard petri plate procedure, a 10% solution in ethanol did not inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans or Diphtheroid (Morris et al., 1979).
Status Galbanum resin is approved by the F D A for food use (21 C F R 172.510) and was given G R A S status as a flavour ingredient [No. 2502] by F E M A (Hall and Oser, 1965). The Council of Europe (1981) included galbanum gum in the list of plants and parts thereof, which are acceptable for use in foods.
References Arctander S. (1960) Perfume and Flavor Materials of Natural Origin. No. 258. S. Arctander, Elizabeth, NJ. Council of Europe (1981) Partial Agreement in the Social and Public Health Field. Flavouring Substances and Natural Sources of Flavourings. List N2, No. 197, p. 81. Editeur Maisonneuve S.A., Strasbourg. Fujii T., Furukawa S. and Suzuki S. (1972) Studies on compounded perfumes for toilet goods. On the non-irritative compounded perfumes for soaps. Yukagaku 21 (12), 904. Hall R. L. and Oser B. L. (1965) Recent progress in the consideration of flavoring ingredients under the food additives amendment. 3. GRAS Substances. Food Technology 19 (2), 155. Kligrnan A. M. (1966) The identification of contact allergens by human assay. III. The maximization test. A procedure for screening and rating contact sensitizers. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 47, 393-409. Kligman A. M. (1974) Report to RIFM, 18 October. Kligman A. M. and Epstein W. (1975) Updating the maximization test for identifying contact allergens. Contact Dermatitis 1, 231. Lawrence B. M. (1983) Progress in essential oils. Perfumer and Flavorist 7, 20-25. McGee G. (1974) Report to RIFM, 27 September. Morris J. A., Khettry A. and Seitz E. W. (1979) Antimicrobial activity of aroma chemicals and essential oils. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 56 (5), 595-603. Naves Y.-R. (1974) Technologie et Chimie des Parfums Naturels. p. 271. Masson & Cie, Paris. Spott D. A. and Shelley W. B. (1970) Exanthem due to contact allergen (benzoin) absorbed through skin. Journal of the American Medical Association 214 (10), 1881. Urbach F. and Forbes P. D. (1974) Report to RIFM, 18 September
39S
GALBANUM RESIN Synonym: Ferula resin. CAS Registry No. 9000-24-2 Description: A semi-liquid, dark amber or brownish-golden material with an intensely rich-green, woodybalsamic odour (Arctander, 1960). Components: Components of galbanum resin include ~t-terpinyl acetate, ~t-fenchyl acetate, guaiol, bulnesol, fl-eudesmol; (Z)-dihydrofarnesol, 10-epi-elemol, cis-guai-9-en-ll-ol, (Z)-dihydrofarnesal, (E)-dihydrofarnesol, /~-dihydroagarofuran, 10-epi-junenol and epi-ligulyl oxide (Lawrence, 1983). Physical properties: Flash point Specific gravity
>200°F; CC 1.020
[FMA] [FMA]
Preparation: By extraction with a hydrocarbon solvent and subsequent removal of the solvent after filtration (Arctander, 1960). Natural occurrence: A gum-resin from Ferula galbaniflua Boiss. and Buhse and other Ferula species (Fam. Umbelliferae) (Naves, 1974).
Biological data Acute toxicity. The oral LDs0 in rats exceeded 5 g/kg based on 4/10 deaths at that dose, and the dermal LDs0 in rabbits exceeded 5 g/kg based on 1/5 deaths (McGee, 1974). Irritation. As part of a dermal LDs0 study, 5 g/kg of the undiluted material produced no irritation on rabbits after an occluded application for 24 hr (McGee, 1974). As part of a phototoxicity test, irritation was evaluated after open patch application to hairless mice and miniature swine. The undiluted material was not irritating (Urbach and Forbes, 1974). A 24-72-hr closed patch test on 118 human subjects, some with dermatoses, produced no irritation at a concentration of 0,1% (vehicle not specified), nor did 2% on 20 subjects, or 20% on 29 subjects (Fujii et al., 1972). A 48-hr closed patch test with 8% in petrolatum on the backs of five volunteers produced no irritation (Kligman, 1974). Sensitization. A 22-yr-old patient who developed contact dermatitis to benzoin tincture followed by non-eczematous exanthem was given 18 closed patch tests with various gums. A cross-sensitization reaction was produced by galbanum gum (concentration and vehicle unknown) (Spott and Shelley, 1970). A maximization test (Kligman, 1966; Kligman and Epstein, 1975) was carried out with 8% in petrolatum on 25 volunteers. No reactions were produced (Kligman, 1974). This test concentration was based on a reported maximum concentration of 0.8% in consumer products. Phototoxicity. No phototoxic effects were produced when the undiluted material was applied to the skin of hairless mice or miniature swine followed by UVA irradiation by blacklight or xenon lamp (Urbach and Forbes, 1974). Miscellaneous. Using a standard petri plate procedure, a 10% solution in ethanol did not inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans or Diphtheroid (Morris et al., 1979).
Status Galbanum resin is approved by the F D A for food use (21 C F R 172.510) and was given G R A S status as a flavour ingredient [No. 2502] by F E M A (Hall and Oser, 1965). The Council of Europe (1981) included galbanum gum in the list of plants and parts thereof, which are acceptable for use in foods.
References Arctander S. (1960) Perfume and Flavor Materials of Natural Origin. No. 258. S. Arctander, Elizabeth, NJ. Council of Europe (1981) Partial Agreement in the Social and Public Health Field. Flavouring Substances and Natural Sources of Flavourings. List N2, No. 197, p. 81. Editeur Maisonneuve S.A., Strasbourg. Fujii T., Furukawa S. and Suzuki S. (1972) Studies on compounded perfumes for toilet goods. On the non-irritative compounded perfumes for soaps. Yukagaku 21 (12), 904. Hall R. L. and Oser B. L. (1965) Recent progress in the consideration of flavoring ingredients under the food additives amendment. 3. GRAS Substances. Food Technology 19 (2), 155. Kligrnan A. M. (1966) The identification of contact allergens by human assay. III. The maximization test. A procedure for screening and rating contact sensitizers. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 47, 393-409. Kligman A. M. (1974) Report to RIFM, 18 October. Kligman A. M. and Epstein W. (1975) Updating the maximization test for identifying contact allergens. Contact Dermatitis 1, 231. Lawrence B. M. (1983) Progress in essential oils. Perfumer and Flavorist 7, 20-25. McGee G. (1974) Report to RIFM, 27 September. Morris J. A., Khettry A. and Seitz E. W. (1979) Antimicrobial activity of aroma chemicals and essential oils. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 56 (5), 595-603. Naves Y.-R. (1974) Technologie et Chimie des Parfums Naturels. p. 271. Masson & Cie, Paris. Spott D. A. and Shelley W. B. (1970) Exanthem due to contact allergen (benzoin) absorbed through skin. Journal of the American Medical Association 214 (10), 1881. Urbach F. and Forbes P. D. (1974) Report to RIFM, 18 September