Gas concentration determination in fermentors with quadrupole mass spectrometer

Journal of Mass Spectrometry

International

Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam -

GAS

CONCENTRATION

MASS

1

Printed in The Netherlands

IN

WITH

FERMENTORS

QUADRUPOLE

SPECTROMETER

BOHATKA’

S.

DETERMINATION

277

48 (1983) 277-280

and Ion Physics.

Institute

,

G.

J.

LANGERT,

of Nuclear

Research

SZlLAGY12

of the

Hung.

and

Acad.

I.

BERECZ’

of Sci.

( ATOMKI

)

Bern 2BIOGAL

Ph armaceuticol

Works,

H-4042

Debrecen,

Pollagi

u.

H-4001

ter

13

Debrecen,

18/c

( Hungary

( Hungary

)

)

ABSTRACT In the

pharmaceutical

concentrations specific vised both and

production

of gases

or difficult

to

for

this

purpose

the

exit

gases

examples

it

involved handle

and

proved and

gases

importance

fermentation

a quadrupale

to be the

the

has a vital

in the

of mass spectrametric

means

in the

monitoring

far

and

Conventional

mass spectrometer

optimum

dissolved

to determine

process.

with

measuring broth.

of fermentation

gases

the are

a sampling

the

fermentation

control methods unit

de-

concentrations

The are

measuring

of system

presented.

INTRODUCTION The the

activity

of fermentation

production

trometers

partly

are

gas phase method

able

but

in

were

simultaneous

the

ed into

the

The

.

to reduce

medium, control

out

in the

with

cultivation

conditions

gases

the

and

aspect

the

and

other

too

of

of these

( ref.

1,

microorganisms

microorganisms.

volatile

of fermentation

its

was lasting

because

Mass

components

2,

3 ).

An

and

not

spec-

only

apparatus

in the

and

a

processes.

ultimate

0.15

pipe-line

of

the

exit

effects

break-dawn

sampling of the

of the

Volatile

probe

compounds

and

same

1 ).

The

unit

cause

diffuse

a quadrupale a sensitivity

diffusion

withstood

fermentation may

serious

a

of

response

immersrubber

the

heat

troubles

is a during

membrane

1983 Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company

with

were

Reliability

0

source

pump

silicone

into

ion

of

frequent

broth.

through

type

get

the

a

mbar.

of the

Fig.

where

was

amu

1 x 1c7

probes (see

BIOGAL

had an oil

about

gas flow This

1 - 300

quadrupole

was

of

gas analyser

of

sampling

mm thick.

plant

The

the

pressure

biochemical the

available.

difficulties and

pilot

had a mass range system

process,

0020-7381/83/000~0000/$03.00

fermentation was

it

vacuum

broth

fermentation connecting

and

calibrotian

probe

fundamental

analysis 4 )

fermentation

and

the

far

high

speed

sterilizations

o week-long

culture

carried

( ref.

of the

living

metabolic

microbiological

pumping

membrane

passing

out

were

4 x 1 OS4 A/mbar

In order

liquid

is linked

.ANALYSIS

mass spectrometer

I/s

an the

to measure

AND

Experiments

450

depends

worked

APPARATUS

industry

time

of

30 s

and or

278

more depending t

r

= 80 s ).

made

it possible

mass spectrometer

measurements exit

of the pipe

( when

This is less than any concentration

slow changes pole

on the dimensions

to analyse

alternatively

depends

a

change

g 16 mm

in the large

the dissolved

and exit

in a quasi-simultaneous

on the vacuum

gases the instrument

was tested

stirring

air

system, in each

in for

has a length

tube

industrial

gases

way.

with

cycle

by

measuring

The

the same quadrubetween

After

normal

7 m,

fermentors.

The time

in our case it was 10 min.

of

two

analysing

the

air.

cal.

\A CONTROL

record

QADRUPOLE

ANALYSER st, steel

I

capill.

VACUUM

H’

air

da’ta logger

SYSTEM

in

FERMENTOR

Fig.

The set-up

1.

Fermentation pounds.

of the measuring

broth

The industrial

to measure

in real

The sampling

perature

mentors

during

case not only analysed. water

and

( see Fig.

3 ).

were

Fig.

were

the simple

aqueous

strict

requirements

in a

14 I

with

air flow,

with

the system in

solutions

and that

of com-

is why we tried

gives

monitors

0.6

a linear

laboratory

fermentor.

stirring

velocity

02 and

and tem-

2 ).

monitored

oxytetracylin but

tested

correleation

(see

cycles

CO2

The quadrupole

and successfully

a close

medium

nebramycin, O2

than

conditions.

showed

fermentation

medium

also demands

unit and the method

of the culture

Complete

different

environment

industrial

concentrations

=O2

is quite

system.

and

%

erythromycin

propanol

response

this component

applied

against

60

I and

production. as a carbon

standard

in the fermentation

m3

In’ the source

propanol broth

1.5

and

fer-

latter

was

also

solutions the

exit

in gas

279

air

flow

Concentrations

2.

physical

parameters

a Oo Fig.

3.

Speed:

I I I 900 300 500 700 Speed [RPM 1

100

standard

aus

500

RPM

I

I

I

-

---41/s

I

10

Fig.

rate:

F?

I

I

of

of the

I

I

I

0

Quadrupofe

and

dissolved

and

1% 1

( b

in fermentation

broth

I”r:

against

I

different

pr&ess.

2

a t Ihl

mass spectrometer

solutions

CO

1

1

-1111111

24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 fermentation broth temperature

ferm%n+a+ion

Concent ration

propanol

10 t

i

readings

) during

of dissolved

erythromycin

gas components fermentation.

(a

)

against

280

The

QMS-records

gas phase readings

Braun

normalized

respectively. were

mentor

are

and

biological

controlled

with

> in the

This

gas.

analysis

decreases

5T The

02

{ see Fig.

H20

influence

with

meter

results

to the

the

simultaneously

a Magnos exit

according

an

and

achieved

of the

lngold

an are

ond

N2

instabilities

dissolved

Uras

signals

2T

in accord

with

of the

0

CO2

in the

meter these

system.

electrode

2

liquid

in the

4.

in the

QMS-responses fermentation

and

broth

fer-

and

values

and

the

4 ).

100

Fig.

QMS-

( Hartmann control

and

the

and

results

( b )

of biological

in the

exit

and specific

gas during

the

CO

02,

0

tlhl

analyses

(a)

o ? erythromycin.

fermentation

CONCLUSION The the

method

are

number

the sampling

mass spectrometer, suitable

in industrial

gases and

quadrupole

for

the

continuous,

fermentation

of the

This

than

with

simultaneous

processes.

Qases monitored

unit

the

system

silicone

and offers

conventional

fost

rubber

membrane

measurement

more

possibilities

chemical

methods.

of in

and

different the

kind

REFERENCES 1

M.

Reuss,

2

S.

Bohbtka,

H. I.

Piehl

and

of

Le Vide,

les Couches

3

J.

Srildgyi,

4

I. Berecz,

Berecz

Internal S.

BohBtka,

F.

and

Wagner, G.

Minces

Report,

J . G4I

European

Langer, 201

Proc. ( 1980

81 OGAL and

A.

J. 8th

Appl. Int.

1 ( 1975

Congress,

) 323.

Cannes,

) 243.

Pharmaceutical Pa61,

Mictobiol. Vacuum

ATOMK!

Works, Ktizl.

Debrecen, 19

( 1977

1978. ) 123.

Suppl.