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Gasification of industrial wastes
18 Energy conversion and recycling
18 ENERGY CONVERSION AND RECYCLING 03/00981 Ashes to energy: The Coleman station project Groppo, J. and Robl, T. Proceedings of the Internutionul Technical Conference on Coal Utilizution & Fuel Systems, 2002. 1, (27), 503 514. The recovery of high-quality fuel from combustion ash ponds was studied. The pond exploration activities to assess the quantity and quality of unburned C in the active ash disposal sites, and pilot-scale results of C recovery processes that will be used to design the full-scale The project entails the design, processing plant, are presented. construction and operation of a 50 tph processing facility to recover high-quality fuel and lightweight aggregate from the active ash disposal ponds. Sufficient C will be recovered to conduct a 24-h test burn of the fuel at Coleman Station as well as lightweight aggregate for test marketing. Successful demonstration of this technology will ultimately provide additional high-quality fuel for WKE and revenue from the sale of lightweight aggregate. Recovery of these products will also provide additional pond disposal volume, thereby extending the useful life of the existing disposal facilities.
03/00982 Biodegradation of wastepaper by cellulase from Trichoderma viride van Wyk, J. P. H. and Mohulatsi, M. Biorrsourcr Td~nolog~~, 2003, 86. (I), 21-23. Environmental issues such as the depletion of non-renewable energy resources and pollution are topical. The extent of solid was% of its hioenergy production is of global concern -and development potential can combine issues such as pollution control and bioproduct Variois wastepaper materials: major simultaneously. hevelopment, comnonent of solid waste, were treated with the cellulase enzyme from Trickermu viricle, thus bioconverting their cellulose component into fermentable sugars. All wastepaper materials exhibited different susceptibilities towards the celluiase as well as the production of non\imil& sugar releasing patterns when increasing amounts of paper were The hydrolysis of‘ treated with a fixed enzyme concentration. and incubation wastepaper with changing -enzyme concentrations sugar-producing tendencies. A neriods also resulted in dissimilar general decline in hydrolytic efficiency
03/00983 Biowaste recycling Vollmer, G.-R. Initiutivcn 111117 IJm11c~ltschut-_,2002. 41, 422 429. (In German) A plant for the production of biogas from biogenic wastes and results of its operation are described. The mechanical pretreated and hygienized (at 70”) substrate yields a biogas with 63-66 vol.% CH4. which is utilized by a block-type thermal power station. The solid fermentation residue is utilizable as compost and the excess water is purified together with landfill leachate. Heavy metals Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd come predominantly in metallic, particulate form into the biowaste and are enriched in the compost material.
03/00985 Collection system of edible oil wastes for fuels Matsui, S. and Okuma, 0. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2002 226,007 (Cl. B65F5/00), 14 Aug 2002, Appl. 2001121,365, 30 Jan 2001. 8. (In Japanese) The invention relates to business models for collectmg the wastes in sealed containers from consumers, wherein the consumers are identified by computer card system or must pay for opening doors of collection stands when they bring the containers Ito the stands in supermarkets, convenience stores, etc. The collected wastes may be used as fuels for air conditioning of public facilities. Since people bringing the oil wastes are selected in the system, the wastes are stably collected without polluting the location of the collection stand. 03/00986 Development of waste plastics recycling process using coke ovens Kato, K. ct al. ISlJ Internutional, 2002. 42. SlO Sl3 The coking process is considered to be a promising .area to which the thermal decomposition. of waste plastics is applic,.tble because the process involves coal carbonization at a high temperature in a reducing atmosphere. To evaluate the conversion rate of various waste plastics after carbonization using coke ovens, laboratory tests and actual coke oven tests were conducted. The yields of coke, gas, tar and light oil were 20, 40 and 4070, respectively. The 1% addition of waste plastics in raw coal did not deteriorate the coke strength. 03/00987 Evaluation of Aegean region agro-industrial wastes as potential energy source Akdeniz, R. C. ~‘t ul. Energ?, Sources, 2002. 24. I IO).949 060. Especially m the last decade, the interest in energy generation from biomass and waste materials has been increasing in Turkey. The reasons for this are mainly twofold: (1) the utilization of biomass energy creates new job possibilities on the agricultural market, and (2) biomass energy yields lower air emissions than fossil fuels. Parallel to the agro-industrial development in the country, different types of wastes have been dramatically increasing in the Aegean region. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the polential and availability of the agro-industrial wastes produced in thi\ region with This evaluation was based on a respect to energy production. previously conducted questionnaire-based survey aiming to determine the potential of these wastes in the eight cities ot this region and two neighbouring cities. The cities all had similar economical and agricultural structure, with business concentrated in nine different agro-industrial sectors. The evaluation indicates that this region has a significant potential of agro-industrial wastes for energy production, and the results obtained can assist national government for future planning studies. However, a good waste management system should be installed throughout the country for the optimum use of these wastes. 03/00988 Flow sheet calculations in Thorex method for reprocessing Th-based spent fuels Zabunolu, 0. H. rt al. Akba, T. NucJru~ E/r~r~~~r~rrl~rrtlrl lk\ign, 2003, 219. (I), 77-86. A model for flow sheet calculations of solvent extraction processes in reprocessing of Th-based spent fuels is proposed and two computer programs, one for extraction section and the other for scrubbing section calculations, are developed. Recoverie\ and decontamination factors are calculated for a standard Thorex method used for reprocessing Th-based spent fuels. Results compare well with those in literature and the model provides a \irnple means to study the Thorex method. 03/00989 Gasification of industrial wastes Weiss, E. et nl. Braz. Pedido PI BR 2000 06,245 (Cl. (.‘lOB49/10), 2 Jan 2002. De Appl. 19,962,943, 24 Dee 1999. 25. (In Portuguese) Industrial wastes, including biomass, are gasified in a two-stage apparatus. The wastes are dried and partially gasified in the first stage and the remaining waste is completely gasified and heavy hydrocarbons are cracked in the second stage. The gase\ from the cecond stage are collected, cooled, and purified. 03/00990 Geochemical and physiological evidence for mixed aerobic and anaerobic field biodegradation of coal tar waste by subsurface microbial communities Bakermans, C. et ~11. Micwhiul Ecologic, 2002, 44, (21, 107-l 17. Geochemical analyses of groundwater and laboratory-incubated microcosms examined physiological responses of n :lturally occurring microorganisms to coal tar waste constituents in a polluted aquifer. Groundwater was sampled from wells along a natural hydrolytic gradient extending from unpolluted (one well) into polluted (three wells) zones. Groundwater analyses detected concentrations of C and energy sources (pollutants or total organic C), final electron acceptors In the polluted zone, (02, NOi , S04- ), and metabolic byproducts. CH4, H, alkyl, and DIG concentrations were enhanced, while dissolved O2 and NO? were depleted. Field-initiated biodegradation assays Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 2003
193
18 ENERGY CONVERSION AND RECYCLING 03/00981 Ashes to energy: The Coleman station project Groppo, J. and Robl, T. Proceedings of the Internutionul Technical Conference on Coal Utilizution & Fuel Systems, 2002. 1, (27), 503 514. The recovery of high-quality fuel from combustion ash ponds was studied. The pond exploration activities to assess the quantity and quality of unburned C in the active ash disposal sites, and pilot-scale results of C recovery processes that will be used to design the full-scale The project entails the design, processing plant, are presented. construction and operation of a 50 tph processing facility to recover high-quality fuel and lightweight aggregate from the active ash disposal ponds. Sufficient C will be recovered to conduct a 24-h test burn of the fuel at Coleman Station as well as lightweight aggregate for test marketing. Successful demonstration of this technology will ultimately provide additional high-quality fuel for WKE and revenue from the sale of lightweight aggregate. Recovery of these products will also provide additional pond disposal volume, thereby extending the useful life of the existing disposal facilities.
03/00982 Biodegradation of wastepaper by cellulase from Trichoderma viride van Wyk, J. P. H. and Mohulatsi, M. Biorrsourcr Td~nolog~~, 2003, 86. (I), 21-23. Environmental issues such as the depletion of non-renewable energy resources and pollution are topical. The extent of solid was% of its hioenergy production is of global concern -and development potential can combine issues such as pollution control and bioproduct Variois wastepaper materials: major simultaneously. hevelopment, comnonent of solid waste, were treated with the cellulase enzyme from Trickermu viricle, thus bioconverting their cellulose component into fermentable sugars. All wastepaper materials exhibited different susceptibilities towards the celluiase as well as the production of non\imil& sugar releasing patterns when increasing amounts of paper were The hydrolysis of‘ treated with a fixed enzyme concentration. and incubation wastepaper with changing -enzyme concentrations sugar-producing tendencies. A neriods also resulted in dissimilar general decline in hydrolytic efficiency
03/00983 Biowaste recycling Vollmer, G.-R. Initiutivcn 111117 IJm11c~ltschut-_,2002. 41, 422 429. (In German) A plant for the production of biogas from biogenic wastes and results of its operation are described. The mechanical pretreated and hygienized (at 70”) substrate yields a biogas with 63-66 vol.% CH4. which is utilized by a block-type thermal power station. The solid fermentation residue is utilizable as compost and the excess water is purified together with landfill leachate. Heavy metals Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd come predominantly in metallic, particulate form into the biowaste and are enriched in the compost material.
03/00985 Collection system of edible oil wastes for fuels Matsui, S. and Okuma, 0. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2002 226,007 (Cl. B65F5/00), 14 Aug 2002, Appl. 2001121,365, 30 Jan 2001. 8. (In Japanese) The invention relates to business models for collectmg the wastes in sealed containers from consumers, wherein the consumers are identified by computer card system or must pay for opening doors of collection stands when they bring the containers Ito the stands in supermarkets, convenience stores, etc. The collected wastes may be used as fuels for air conditioning of public facilities. Since people bringing the oil wastes are selected in the system, the wastes are stably collected without polluting the location of the collection stand. 03/00986 Development of waste plastics recycling process using coke ovens Kato, K. ct al. ISlJ Internutional, 2002. 42. SlO Sl3 The coking process is considered to be a promising .area to which the thermal decomposition. of waste plastics is applic,.tble because the process involves coal carbonization at a high temperature in a reducing atmosphere. To evaluate the conversion rate of various waste plastics after carbonization using coke ovens, laboratory tests and actual coke oven tests were conducted. The yields of coke, gas, tar and light oil were 20, 40 and 4070, respectively. The 1% addition of waste plastics in raw coal did not deteriorate the coke strength. 03/00987 Evaluation of Aegean region agro-industrial wastes as potential energy source Akdeniz, R. C. ~‘t ul. Energ?, Sources, 2002. 24. I IO).949 060. Especially m the last decade, the interest in energy generation from biomass and waste materials has been increasing in Turkey. The reasons for this are mainly twofold: (1) the utilization of biomass energy creates new job possibilities on the agricultural market, and (2) biomass energy yields lower air emissions than fossil fuels. Parallel to the agro-industrial development in the country, different types of wastes have been dramatically increasing in the Aegean region. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the polential and availability of the agro-industrial wastes produced in thi\ region with This evaluation was based on a respect to energy production. previously conducted questionnaire-based survey aiming to determine the potential of these wastes in the eight cities ot this region and two neighbouring cities. The cities all had similar economical and agricultural structure, with business concentrated in nine different agro-industrial sectors. The evaluation indicates that this region has a significant potential of agro-industrial wastes for energy production, and the results obtained can assist national government for future planning studies. However, a good waste management system should be installed throughout the country for the optimum use of these wastes. 03/00988 Flow sheet calculations in Thorex method for reprocessing Th-based spent fuels Zabunolu, 0. H. rt al. Akba, T. NucJru~ E/r~r~~~r~rrl~rrtlrl lk\ign, 2003, 219. (I), 77-86. A model for flow sheet calculations of solvent extraction processes in reprocessing of Th-based spent fuels is proposed and two computer programs, one for extraction section and the other for scrubbing section calculations, are developed. Recoverie\ and decontamination factors are calculated for a standard Thorex method used for reprocessing Th-based spent fuels. Results compare well with those in literature and the model provides a \irnple means to study the Thorex method. 03/00989 Gasification of industrial wastes Weiss, E. et nl. Braz. Pedido PI BR 2000 06,245 (Cl. (.‘lOB49/10), 2 Jan 2002. De Appl. 19,962,943, 24 Dee 1999. 25. (In Portuguese) Industrial wastes, including biomass, are gasified in a two-stage apparatus. The wastes are dried and partially gasified in the first stage and the remaining waste is completely gasified and heavy hydrocarbons are cracked in the second stage. The gase\ from the cecond stage are collected, cooled, and purified. 03/00990 Geochemical and physiological evidence for mixed aerobic and anaerobic field biodegradation of coal tar waste by subsurface microbial communities Bakermans, C. et ~11. Micwhiul Ecologic, 2002, 44, (21, 107-l 17. Geochemical analyses of groundwater and laboratory-incubated microcosms examined physiological responses of n :lturally occurring microorganisms to coal tar waste constituents in a polluted aquifer. Groundwater was sampled from wells along a natural hydrolytic gradient extending from unpolluted (one well) into polluted (three wells) zones. Groundwater analyses detected concentrations of C and energy sources (pollutants or total organic C), final electron acceptors In the polluted zone, (02, NOi , S04- ), and metabolic byproducts. CH4, H, alkyl, and DIG concentrations were enhanced, while dissolved O2 and NO? were depleted. Field-initiated biodegradation assays Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 2003
193