- Email: [email protected]
Gautieria albida and Hymenogaster monosporus sp.nov.
33°
Transactions British Mycological Society EXPLANATION OF PLATE
44
Fi g. I. C olon ies of Cladosporium spp. from Cordana sp ots on banana foliage (up per left ), leafspeckle (up per right) , senescen t banana leaves (lower left ), and banana sooty mould (lower right). Grown on p ot ato dextrose agar for 8 days at 2 1- 2 4 °C . Fig. 2. Typical conidiophore of C. cladosporioides from senescent banana lea ves growing on potato d extrose agar . Conidiophores from sooty mould isolates were simila r. Fig. 3. Advanced stage of sooty mould growth showing cha ra cteristic pattern of d istr ibution on individual hand of bananas.
GA UTIERIA ALBIDA AND HYMENOGASTER MONOSPORUS SP.NOV. E. L. STEWART AND
J.
M. TRAPPE
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, and U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Pacific NorthwestForest and Range Experiment Station , Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, respectively The taxonomic history of Gautieria albida (M assee & Rodway) Cunn. began with the description of Hymenogaster albidus Massee & Rodwayapud M assce ( 190 1). The sporocarp and spores were briefly described , and Rodway 643 was cited as the type collection. Rodway (1924) later somewhat revis ed the description but retained the species in Hymenogaster. Cunningh am (1934) transferred its name to Gautieria but neither described the species nor indicated what, if any, collections he had examined. Cunningham's n ew combination appeared in September; in D ecember of the same ye ar, the combination Gautieria albida (M assee & Rodway) Zeller & Dodge apud Dodge & Zeller (1934) was issued. The species was de scribed and several collections were examined, including Rodway's type. Cunningham's con cept of G. albida subsequently emerged in a species description and spore drawing in his book, 'The Gasteromycetes of Australia and New Zealand' (Cunningh am , 1942). Although he cited 'L. Rodway, type collection of Hymenogaster albidus' with at least the implication that he had examined it, Cunningham's description does not fit Rodway 643 as examined by Dodge & Zeller (1934) nor by us. We do not know from what material Cunningham drew his data. We have studied subsequent Australian collections by]. B. Cleland labelled G. albida. These collections key out to G. albida in Cunningham (1942) but differ from his description in several important ways. G. albida (M assee & Rodway) Cunn . sensu Cunningham is some other taxon, probably a Hymenogaster. We conclude that Gautieria albida (M assee & Rodway) Cunn. sensu Zeller & Dodge is the proper binomial for the original Hymenogaster albidus (our redescription of the species will be published later in a paper on the genus Gautieria) , and that the Cleland collections labelled G. albida represent an undescribed species of Hymenogaster, for which we propose the name H. monosporus. Trans. Br, mycol. Soc. 65 (2), (1975)' Printed in Great Britain
Trans. Br. mycol. Soc.
.," '
Vol. 65.
Plate 44
... .
(Facing
p. 330)
Notes and Brief Articles
331
Colours were determined by use of Ridgway (1912) but names are cited by the Inter-Society Color Council synonyms (Kelly & Judd, 1955). Anatomical features were described from sections revived in 5 % KOH and from microtamed sections stained in saffranin and fast green in clove oil (Johansen, 1940). Macrochemical reaction of tissues to 5 % KOH and 5 % FeS04 were recorded. Arithmetical means of spore dimensions are based on measurement of 50 spores. All specimens examined are in the her-barium of the Waite Institute (ADW). Hym.enogaster Inonosporus Stewart & Trappe sp.nov. (PI. 45) Fructificationes siccae 4-7 x 6-12 mm, irregulariter subglobosae. Peridium ochraceofulvum vel brunneum; epicutis angusta, hyphis intertextis; subcutis crassa, cellulis subglobosis 15-40 pm diam. Gleba olivaceo-brunnea, friabilis, minute loculata; columella rudimentaria vel dendroidea, non gelatinosa, Basidia monospora. Sporae (16-) 18-24(-26) x (9-)10-14(-15) usn, late fusiformes vel interdum obovoideae, ovoideae vel irregulares, longistrorsum porcatae. Holotypus: ADW 6861, leg.]. B. Cleland.
Dried gastrocarps 4-7 x 6-12 mm, irregularly subglobose. Peridium yellowish brown to brown, quickly turning reddish orange to orange brown. Gleba olive brown, somewhat friable; with KOH, trama quickly dark brown, spore mass non-reactive; with FeS0 4 , trama non-reactive, spore mass quickly blackish olive. Chambers mostly 4-8 per mm, elongate to rounded, empty. Columella rudimentary to dendroid, pallid, less than 5 mm diam, rising from a basal pad; basal rhizomorphs sometimes present. Spores (16-)18-24(-26) x (9-)10-14(-15) /lm including epispore and sterigmatal appendage, (16-) 18-24(-26) x 8-12 /lm excluding epispore (means: 21'1 x 12·6 /lm with epispore, 21'1 x 10'3 /lm excluding epispore), mostly broadly fusoid with a slight to pronounced apical hump, occasional spores ovoid, obovoid, peanut-shaped, mitten-shaped, or otherwise irregular; sterigmatal appendage prominent, pedicellate, basidial fragments often remaining attached in crush mounts. Spore wall 1 '5-2 /lm thick, deep yellow. Epispore 0'1-1'5(-3) /lm thick, formed into 7-11(-13) more or less longitudinal, sinuate, rugulose-crenulate, often forking ridges 1'5-3(-5) /lm broad; ridges generally converging near the spore apex but covering neither the apical hump nor the pedicel. Spores in KOH deep yellow singly, yellowish brown in mass; in Melzer's reagent, orange yellow singly, reddish orange in mass; in FeS0 4, strongly olive singly, blackish olive in mass; in cotton blue-lactic acid, epispore strongly blue, spore wall weakly blue. Basidia (30-)40-65 x 6-8 usn, one-spored, ventricose, hyaline, thinwalled, with a basal clamp connexion, tapering or abruptly constricted to a sterigma-like tip 1'5-2'0 /lm diam.; 'brachybasidioles' similar (probably young basidia); no cystidia detected. Subhymenium of hyaline, thinwalled, frequently septate, non-gelatinous, interwoven-emergent hyphae 3/l m diam. Trama and columella 45-75/lm thick (including hymenium), of hyaline, thin-walled, non-gelatinous hyphae 1'5-3 /lm diam, occasional cells inflated up to 7/lm, inconspicuous clamp connexions present on occasional septa. Peridium 200-350 /lm thick. Epicutis 15-46 psi: thick, of Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 65 (2), (1975). Printed in Great Britain 22
x v c 65
332
Transactions British Mycological Society
yellowish) thin-walled) interwoven-appressed hyphae 2-5 /lm broad; inconspicuous clamp connexions present on occasional septa. Subcutis 175-320/lm thick) of hyaline) thin-walled, mostly inflated cells 5-25 (-40) /lm diam, abruptly differentiated from an innermost layer of tramal tissue, inconspicuous clamp connexions present on occasional septa. Collections examined. Type - south Australia, Waterfall Gully, J. B. Cleland, 28 June 1949, ADW 6861; paratypes - south Australia, National Park: J. B. Cleland, 4 July 1949, ADW 6872; J. H. Warcup - EM 198, 6 June 1970, and EM 241, 12 July 1970, ADW.
We have termed the spore-bearing cells basidia, because most are decidely basidium-like in form and all those observed have clamp connexions at the basal septum. The limitation of clamp connexions to dikaryotic hyphae supports our judgement. One-spored 'basidia' occur among multispored basidia in several other Hymenogaster spp. that we have examined; H. monosporus is the only member of the genus known to us that is exclusively one-spored. Except for this and for the strong reaction of its spore mass when a drop of FeS0 4 is applied to the gleba, the species is typical of the genus. Hymenogaster includes several other species with an epispore of longitudinally aligned ridges (Smith) 1966), a feature common to Gautieria as well. Spores of the latter genus, however, do not have an apical hump. We gratefully acknowledge loan of specimens from the Waite Institute herbarium and Dr]. H. Warcup. Mrs Sue Carpenter drew the spores and basidia. This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grant GB-27378. REFERENCES
CUNNINGHAM, G. H. (1934)' The Gasteromycetes of Australia. XVI. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society if New South Wales 59, 156-172. CUNNINGHAM, G. H. (1942). The Gasteromycetes if Australia and New Zealand. Dunedin, N.Z.: John McIndoe. DODGE, C. W. & ZELLER, S. M. (1934)' Hymenogaster and related genera. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 2:1:, 625-708. JOHANSEN, D. A. (1940). Plant microtechnique. New York: McGraw-Hill. KELLY, K. L. & JUDD, D. B. (1955). The ISCC-NBS method if designating colors and a dictionary if color names. Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Bureau of Standards Circular 553. MASSEE, J. (1901). Fungi Exotici: III. Kew Bulletin if Miscellaneous Information, 1901, no. 175-177, pp. 150-169. RIDGWAY, R. (1912). Color standards and color nomenclature. Washington, D.C. RODWAY, L. (1924). Tasmanian Hymenogastraceae. Royal Society if Tasmania Papers and Proceedings 1923, pp. 151-161. SMITH, A. H. (1966). Notes on Dendrogaster, Gymnoglossum, Protoglossum, and species of Hymenogaster. Mycologia 58, 100-124. EXPLANATION OF PLATE
Fig. Fig.
1,
2.
45
Hymenogaster monosporus Spores in optical cross-section, surface view, and end view. Spores, scan electron micrograph (2600 x).
Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 65 (2), (1975). Printed in Great Britain
Vol. 65.
Trans. Br. mycol. Soc.
Plate 45
i
i
II \
: roJ\ ' "\
.. ' ;# :" ,
.,.,
;. - ,
I
: '
\
~
I I
!
IO/lm
(Facing p. 332)
Transactions British Mycological Society EXPLANATION OF PLATE
44
Fi g. I. C olon ies of Cladosporium spp. from Cordana sp ots on banana foliage (up per left ), leafspeckle (up per right) , senescen t banana leaves (lower left ), and banana sooty mould (lower right). Grown on p ot ato dextrose agar for 8 days at 2 1- 2 4 °C . Fig. 2. Typical conidiophore of C. cladosporioides from senescent banana lea ves growing on potato d extrose agar . Conidiophores from sooty mould isolates were simila r. Fig. 3. Advanced stage of sooty mould growth showing cha ra cteristic pattern of d istr ibution on individual hand of bananas.
GA UTIERIA ALBIDA AND HYMENOGASTER MONOSPORUS SP.NOV. E. L. STEWART AND
J.
M. TRAPPE
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, and U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Pacific NorthwestForest and Range Experiment Station , Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, respectively The taxonomic history of Gautieria albida (M assee & Rodway) Cunn. began with the description of Hymenogaster albidus Massee & Rodwayapud M assce ( 190 1). The sporocarp and spores were briefly described , and Rodway 643 was cited as the type collection. Rodway (1924) later somewhat revis ed the description but retained the species in Hymenogaster. Cunningh am (1934) transferred its name to Gautieria but neither described the species nor indicated what, if any, collections he had examined. Cunningham's n ew combination appeared in September; in D ecember of the same ye ar, the combination Gautieria albida (M assee & Rodway) Zeller & Dodge apud Dodge & Zeller (1934) was issued. The species was de scribed and several collections were examined, including Rodway's type. Cunningham's con cept of G. albida subsequently emerged in a species description and spore drawing in his book, 'The Gasteromycetes of Australia and New Zealand' (Cunningh am , 1942). Although he cited 'L. Rodway, type collection of Hymenogaster albidus' with at least the implication that he had examined it, Cunningham's description does not fit Rodway 643 as examined by Dodge & Zeller (1934) nor by us. We do not know from what material Cunningham drew his data. We have studied subsequent Australian collections by]. B. Cleland labelled G. albida. These collections key out to G. albida in Cunningham (1942) but differ from his description in several important ways. G. albida (M assee & Rodway) Cunn . sensu Cunningham is some other taxon, probably a Hymenogaster. We conclude that Gautieria albida (M assee & Rodway) Cunn. sensu Zeller & Dodge is the proper binomial for the original Hymenogaster albidus (our redescription of the species will be published later in a paper on the genus Gautieria) , and that the Cleland collections labelled G. albida represent an undescribed species of Hymenogaster, for which we propose the name H. monosporus. Trans. Br, mycol. Soc. 65 (2), (1975)' Printed in Great Britain
Trans. Br. mycol. Soc.
.," '
Vol. 65.
Plate 44
... .
(Facing
p. 330)
Notes and Brief Articles
331
Colours were determined by use of Ridgway (1912) but names are cited by the Inter-Society Color Council synonyms (Kelly & Judd, 1955). Anatomical features were described from sections revived in 5 % KOH and from microtamed sections stained in saffranin and fast green in clove oil (Johansen, 1940). Macrochemical reaction of tissues to 5 % KOH and 5 % FeS04 were recorded. Arithmetical means of spore dimensions are based on measurement of 50 spores. All specimens examined are in the her-barium of the Waite Institute (ADW). Hym.enogaster Inonosporus Stewart & Trappe sp.nov. (PI. 45) Fructificationes siccae 4-7 x 6-12 mm, irregulariter subglobosae. Peridium ochraceofulvum vel brunneum; epicutis angusta, hyphis intertextis; subcutis crassa, cellulis subglobosis 15-40 pm diam. Gleba olivaceo-brunnea, friabilis, minute loculata; columella rudimentaria vel dendroidea, non gelatinosa, Basidia monospora. Sporae (16-) 18-24(-26) x (9-)10-14(-15) usn, late fusiformes vel interdum obovoideae, ovoideae vel irregulares, longistrorsum porcatae. Holotypus: ADW 6861, leg.]. B. Cleland.
Dried gastrocarps 4-7 x 6-12 mm, irregularly subglobose. Peridium yellowish brown to brown, quickly turning reddish orange to orange brown. Gleba olive brown, somewhat friable; with KOH, trama quickly dark brown, spore mass non-reactive; with FeS0 4 , trama non-reactive, spore mass quickly blackish olive. Chambers mostly 4-8 per mm, elongate to rounded, empty. Columella rudimentary to dendroid, pallid, less than 5 mm diam, rising from a basal pad; basal rhizomorphs sometimes present. Spores (16-)18-24(-26) x (9-)10-14(-15) /lm including epispore and sterigmatal appendage, (16-) 18-24(-26) x 8-12 /lm excluding epispore (means: 21'1 x 12·6 /lm with epispore, 21'1 x 10'3 /lm excluding epispore), mostly broadly fusoid with a slight to pronounced apical hump, occasional spores ovoid, obovoid, peanut-shaped, mitten-shaped, or otherwise irregular; sterigmatal appendage prominent, pedicellate, basidial fragments often remaining attached in crush mounts. Spore wall 1 '5-2 /lm thick, deep yellow. Epispore 0'1-1'5(-3) /lm thick, formed into 7-11(-13) more or less longitudinal, sinuate, rugulose-crenulate, often forking ridges 1'5-3(-5) /lm broad; ridges generally converging near the spore apex but covering neither the apical hump nor the pedicel. Spores in KOH deep yellow singly, yellowish brown in mass; in Melzer's reagent, orange yellow singly, reddish orange in mass; in FeS0 4, strongly olive singly, blackish olive in mass; in cotton blue-lactic acid, epispore strongly blue, spore wall weakly blue. Basidia (30-)40-65 x 6-8 usn, one-spored, ventricose, hyaline, thinwalled, with a basal clamp connexion, tapering or abruptly constricted to a sterigma-like tip 1'5-2'0 /lm diam.; 'brachybasidioles' similar (probably young basidia); no cystidia detected. Subhymenium of hyaline, thinwalled, frequently septate, non-gelatinous, interwoven-emergent hyphae 3/l m diam. Trama and columella 45-75/lm thick (including hymenium), of hyaline, thin-walled, non-gelatinous hyphae 1'5-3 /lm diam, occasional cells inflated up to 7/lm, inconspicuous clamp connexions present on occasional septa. Peridium 200-350 /lm thick. Epicutis 15-46 psi: thick, of Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 65 (2), (1975). Printed in Great Britain 22
x v c 65
332
Transactions British Mycological Society
yellowish) thin-walled) interwoven-appressed hyphae 2-5 /lm broad; inconspicuous clamp connexions present on occasional septa. Subcutis 175-320/lm thick) of hyaline) thin-walled, mostly inflated cells 5-25 (-40) /lm diam, abruptly differentiated from an innermost layer of tramal tissue, inconspicuous clamp connexions present on occasional septa. Collections examined. Type - south Australia, Waterfall Gully, J. B. Cleland, 28 June 1949, ADW 6861; paratypes - south Australia, National Park: J. B. Cleland, 4 July 1949, ADW 6872; J. H. Warcup - EM 198, 6 June 1970, and EM 241, 12 July 1970, ADW.
We have termed the spore-bearing cells basidia, because most are decidely basidium-like in form and all those observed have clamp connexions at the basal septum. The limitation of clamp connexions to dikaryotic hyphae supports our judgement. One-spored 'basidia' occur among multispored basidia in several other Hymenogaster spp. that we have examined; H. monosporus is the only member of the genus known to us that is exclusively one-spored. Except for this and for the strong reaction of its spore mass when a drop of FeS0 4 is applied to the gleba, the species is typical of the genus. Hymenogaster includes several other species with an epispore of longitudinally aligned ridges (Smith) 1966), a feature common to Gautieria as well. Spores of the latter genus, however, do not have an apical hump. We gratefully acknowledge loan of specimens from the Waite Institute herbarium and Dr]. H. Warcup. Mrs Sue Carpenter drew the spores and basidia. This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grant GB-27378. REFERENCES
CUNNINGHAM, G. H. (1934)' The Gasteromycetes of Australia. XVI. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society if New South Wales 59, 156-172. CUNNINGHAM, G. H. (1942). The Gasteromycetes if Australia and New Zealand. Dunedin, N.Z.: John McIndoe. DODGE, C. W. & ZELLER, S. M. (1934)' Hymenogaster and related genera. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 2:1:, 625-708. JOHANSEN, D. A. (1940). Plant microtechnique. New York: McGraw-Hill. KELLY, K. L. & JUDD, D. B. (1955). The ISCC-NBS method if designating colors and a dictionary if color names. Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Bureau of Standards Circular 553. MASSEE, J. (1901). Fungi Exotici: III. Kew Bulletin if Miscellaneous Information, 1901, no. 175-177, pp. 150-169. RIDGWAY, R. (1912). Color standards and color nomenclature. Washington, D.C. RODWAY, L. (1924). Tasmanian Hymenogastraceae. Royal Society if Tasmania Papers and Proceedings 1923, pp. 151-161. SMITH, A. H. (1966). Notes on Dendrogaster, Gymnoglossum, Protoglossum, and species of Hymenogaster. Mycologia 58, 100-124. EXPLANATION OF PLATE
Fig. Fig.
1,
2.
45
Hymenogaster monosporus Spores in optical cross-section, surface view, and end view. Spores, scan electron micrograph (2600 x).
Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 65 (2), (1975). Printed in Great Britain
Vol. 65.
Trans. Br. mycol. Soc.
Plate 45
i
i
II \
: roJ\ ' "\
.. ' ;# :" ,
.,.,
;. - ,
I
: '
\
~
I I
!
IO/lm
(Facing p. 332)