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Geochemistry of RE and trace elements in ferromanganese nodules and their genesis
OLR (1985)32 (12)
D. SubmarineGeologyand Geophysics
85:7192 Tsurusaki, Katsuya, 1984. VIII. Geotechnical properties of deep-sea sediments in the northern part of central Pacific Basin (GHS0-5 area) [with respect to nodule mining]. Geol. Surv. Japan Cruise Rept, 20:90-105. Shipboard measurements of vane shear strength, cone penetrating resistance, sediment water content, and adhesiveness between manganese nodules and sediments were made to gather fundamental mining data. The sediment geotechnical properties were influenced by lithological variations of sediments. Natl. Res. Inst. for Pollution and Res., Tsukuba, Japan. (msg) 85:7193 Usui, Akira, 1984. XIV. Mineralogy and internal structure of manganese nodules of the GH80-5 area. Geol. Surv. Japan Cruise Rept, 20:227-241. X-ray powder diffraction, microscopic and chemical analyses coupled with megascopic and microscopic observations on polished sections were undertaken to establish the relationship between mineral composition and external and internal morphology and chemical composition. Manganese nodule formation was initiated by the extensive deposition of 8MnO 2 and zeolitic claystones. Following fragmentation, deposition of 8MnO 2 and 10A manganate took place on fragmented nodules or other nuclei. Deposition of the two phases is thought to be simultaneous; differences of nodule surfaces with mineral composition appear tied to local sedimentary conditions. Geol. Surv. of Japan, Ibaraki-ken, Japan. (hbf) 85:7194 Usui, Akira and Tsunekazu Mochizuki, 1984. XV. Local variability of manganese nodule chemistry and its relationship to mineralogy in the GH80-5 area [central Pacific]. Geol. Surv. Japan Cruise Rept, 20:242-262. Quantitative analysis of 145 samples from defined parts of manganese nodules was undertaken to demonstrate the relationship of chemical composition to mineral composition and microstructure. Bulk chemistry variability was determined principally by the variability of relative mineral abundances within nodules. Local variability in morphology and chemical composition was due to depositional conditions. Geol. Surv. of Japan, Ibaraki-ken, Japan. (msg) 85:7195 Usui, Akira and Seizo Nakao, 1984. IX. Local variability of manganese nodule deposits in the
1035
GH80-5 area [central Pacificl. Geol. Surv. Japan Cruise Rept, 20:106-164. Small scale grid and line surveys in the central Pacific Basin revealed significant local variations in manganese nodule abundance and type. Surface features range from rough to smooth; nodules with different top and bottom features are common in transition zones. Thirty-four pages of black and white photographs of nodules from various sites are included. Geol. Surv. of Japan, Ibaraki-ken, Japan. (msg) 85:7196 Wang, Xianjue, Yuwei Chen and Mingqing Wu, 1984. Geochemistry of RE and trace elements in ferromanganese nodules and their genesis. Oceanologia Limnol. sin., 15(6):501-514. (In Chinese, English abstract.) Analysis of Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian ocean sedimentary nodules showed REE's, Mn and Fe (mostly high valency forms), Cu, Co, and Ni to be important components. Ocean floor basalts, rather than Foraminifera, apparently gave rise to all but the REE which may be of polygenic origin. Inst. of Geochem., Acad. Sin., Guiyang, People's Republic of China. (gsb)
D360. Books, collections (general) 85:7197 Husebye, E.S., G.L. Johnson and Y. Kristoffersen (eds.), 1985. Geophysics of the polar regions. Selected papers from the Symposium on Geophysics of the Polar Regions, I.U.G.G. 18th General Assembly, Hamburg, 23-24 August 1983. Special issue. Tectonophysics, 114(1-4):1470; 23 papers. Marine and terrestrial topics covering both poles are presented here. The first major subject--geology and geophysics of the Arctic Basin and adjacent seas-treats the origin of the Arctic, the Nares Strait suture zone, implications of the evolution of the Eurasian Basin for motion of Greenland along Nares Strait, Quaternary sedimentation of the Alaskan Beaufort Shelf, seismic data from the Arctic Ocean, and seaward dipping reflectors and the continent-ocean boundary at passive margins. Four papers in the second major heading consider the geology and crustal structure of Svalbard and the Barents Sea. Geophysics of the southern oceans, the third subject, treats Mesozoic and Cenozoic reconstructions for the South Atlantic, the Australia/Antarctica breakup, and upper mantle structure in the SE Indian Ocean. The final section on geology and potential resources of the Antarctic margin discusses seismic
D. SubmarineGeologyand Geophysics
85:7192 Tsurusaki, Katsuya, 1984. VIII. Geotechnical properties of deep-sea sediments in the northern part of central Pacific Basin (GHS0-5 area) [with respect to nodule mining]. Geol. Surv. Japan Cruise Rept, 20:90-105. Shipboard measurements of vane shear strength, cone penetrating resistance, sediment water content, and adhesiveness between manganese nodules and sediments were made to gather fundamental mining data. The sediment geotechnical properties were influenced by lithological variations of sediments. Natl. Res. Inst. for Pollution and Res., Tsukuba, Japan. (msg) 85:7193 Usui, Akira, 1984. XIV. Mineralogy and internal structure of manganese nodules of the GH80-5 area. Geol. Surv. Japan Cruise Rept, 20:227-241. X-ray powder diffraction, microscopic and chemical analyses coupled with megascopic and microscopic observations on polished sections were undertaken to establish the relationship between mineral composition and external and internal morphology and chemical composition. Manganese nodule formation was initiated by the extensive deposition of 8MnO 2 and zeolitic claystones. Following fragmentation, deposition of 8MnO 2 and 10A manganate took place on fragmented nodules or other nuclei. Deposition of the two phases is thought to be simultaneous; differences of nodule surfaces with mineral composition appear tied to local sedimentary conditions. Geol. Surv. of Japan, Ibaraki-ken, Japan. (hbf) 85:7194 Usui, Akira and Tsunekazu Mochizuki, 1984. XV. Local variability of manganese nodule chemistry and its relationship to mineralogy in the GH80-5 area [central Pacific]. Geol. Surv. Japan Cruise Rept, 20:242-262. Quantitative analysis of 145 samples from defined parts of manganese nodules was undertaken to demonstrate the relationship of chemical composition to mineral composition and microstructure. Bulk chemistry variability was determined principally by the variability of relative mineral abundances within nodules. Local variability in morphology and chemical composition was due to depositional conditions. Geol. Surv. of Japan, Ibaraki-ken, Japan. (msg) 85:7195 Usui, Akira and Seizo Nakao, 1984. IX. Local variability of manganese nodule deposits in the
1035
GH80-5 area [central Pacificl. Geol. Surv. Japan Cruise Rept, 20:106-164. Small scale grid and line surveys in the central Pacific Basin revealed significant local variations in manganese nodule abundance and type. Surface features range from rough to smooth; nodules with different top and bottom features are common in transition zones. Thirty-four pages of black and white photographs of nodules from various sites are included. Geol. Surv. of Japan, Ibaraki-ken, Japan. (msg) 85:7196 Wang, Xianjue, Yuwei Chen and Mingqing Wu, 1984. Geochemistry of RE and trace elements in ferromanganese nodules and their genesis. Oceanologia Limnol. sin., 15(6):501-514. (In Chinese, English abstract.) Analysis of Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian ocean sedimentary nodules showed REE's, Mn and Fe (mostly high valency forms), Cu, Co, and Ni to be important components. Ocean floor basalts, rather than Foraminifera, apparently gave rise to all but the REE which may be of polygenic origin. Inst. of Geochem., Acad. Sin., Guiyang, People's Republic of China. (gsb)
D360. Books, collections (general) 85:7197 Husebye, E.S., G.L. Johnson and Y. Kristoffersen (eds.), 1985. Geophysics of the polar regions. Selected papers from the Symposium on Geophysics of the Polar Regions, I.U.G.G. 18th General Assembly, Hamburg, 23-24 August 1983. Special issue. Tectonophysics, 114(1-4):1470; 23 papers. Marine and terrestrial topics covering both poles are presented here. The first major subject--geology and geophysics of the Arctic Basin and adjacent seas-treats the origin of the Arctic, the Nares Strait suture zone, implications of the evolution of the Eurasian Basin for motion of Greenland along Nares Strait, Quaternary sedimentation of the Alaskan Beaufort Shelf, seismic data from the Arctic Ocean, and seaward dipping reflectors and the continent-ocean boundary at passive margins. Four papers in the second major heading consider the geology and crustal structure of Svalbard and the Barents Sea. Geophysics of the southern oceans, the third subject, treats Mesozoic and Cenozoic reconstructions for the South Atlantic, the Australia/Antarctica breakup, and upper mantle structure in the SE Indian Ocean. The final section on geology and potential resources of the Antarctic margin discusses seismic