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Glass fiber-reinforced elastomers
resistant material, in flat form disposed parallel to the director plane and flakes or bands of substantially fiat form, constituted of or comprising a material with high modulus, said flakes or bands also being disposed parallel to the director plane.
Composite load bearing panels Ransome, F. F. (Gordon T. Kinder)
US Pat 3 759 009 (18 Sep 1973) Composite load bearing panels comprising two thin metal sheets, preferably mild steel, having a low density cementatious core material therebetween. Disc brake containing reinforced
carbon bodies Marin, G. R. (The Carborundum Company) USPat 3 759 353
(18 Sep 19 73) Brake discs, containing keyways or other indentations for bearing circumferential stress on their perimeters, are constructed, using a special technique, with circumferentially-wound carbon fibre reinforcement. The technique involves loosely winding the fibres to a width greater than the axial thickness of the desired (carbon) body, and then axially compressing them to cause radial overlapping of the fibres. With discs having irregular perimeters, the use of such a technique means that the fibres adjacent to the stressbearing perimeter can be made to confirm substantially to the shape of both the perimeter and the indentations.
Steel wire for reinforcing glass and method of production Nagano, K. and Saoyama, Y. (Asahi Glass Co Ltd) US Pat 3 759 754
(18 Sep 1973) Steel wire-reinforced glass, free from bubbles and cracks around the wire reinforcement embedded in the glass, is produced with steel wire heated in a water vapour-containing reducing atmosphere, the dew point of which is at least 20°C before it is embedded in the glass.
the alumina matrix phase being prestressed in compression by the ordered phase of stabilized zirconia.
Fibre-glass moulding process Newlove, B. US Pat 3 761 560 (25 Sep 1973) A process for making glass fibre reinforced mouldings, in which the moulding resin is injected into the space between a pair of dies defining between them the shape to be moulded.
Helicopter rotors comprising a reinforced plastics hub Bourquardez, G., Gouzien, M. J. Y. andMercier, R. (Societe Nationale Industrielle Aerospatiale) US Pat
3 762 834 (2 Oct 1973) A helicopter rotor has a reinforced plastics hub. Arms extend radially outwardly from the hub each arm carrying through, the intermediary of a sleeve, a blade~ The arms are reinforced with fibres.
Composite high-strength machine element and method of making the same
Dunn, W. M. (Federal-Mogul Corp)
US Pat 3 762 881 (2 Oct 1973) This composite high-strength bushing consists of a heavy-load-bearing sleeve of sintered powdered high-performance alloy and a lesser load-bearing support sleeve of sintered base metal such as sintered powdered iron.
Izawa, S. and Toyama, K. (Asahi-Dow Ltd) USPat 3 763 088 (2 Oct 1973) A novel glass fibre reinforced thermoplastic resinous composition is preoared by adding glass fibres to a resinous composition made of 99.5 to 55 weight percent noncrystalline thermoplastic resins, such as styrene type resins, polyphenylene ether resins, aromatic polycarbonate resins, aromatic polysulphone resins, and the like, and 0.5 to 45 weight percent uncured epoxy resins in an amount of 5 to 50 percent by weight based on the total weight of said resinous composition. This glass fibre reinforced thermoplastic resinous composition is suitable for making a large scale shaped article or a shaped article having a complicated structure.
Composite material having cementitious properties
A process is provided for modifying the surface characteristics of a carbonaceous fibrous material (ie either amorphous carbon or graphitic carbon) and to thereby facilitate enhanced adhesion between the carbonaceous fibrous material and a matrix material. Composite articles of enhanced interlaminar shear strength may be formed by incorporating the fibres modified in accordance with the present process in a resinous matrix material.
A composite material, useful as a surgical, medical or orthopaedic wrapping, is provided which will adhere or cohere to another surface, or to itself by the application of moderate pressure either at room temperature or an elevated temperature and will be substantially non-tacky to the touch until the application of such moderate pressure. The composite material comprises a cementitious core having bonded thereto a flexible, open cullular, resilient polymeric protective covering.
Hulse, C. O. and Batt, J. A. (United Aircraft Corp) US Pat 3 761 295
(25 Sep 1973) The eutectic composition existing between alumina and zirconia modified with a stabilizing agent such as yttria is directionally cast to provide a ceramic body of a very high useful strength
Process for making composite structures formed of reinforcement strands em, bedded in a metal matrix in which essentially cylindrical continuous filaments having a diameter within the range of 5 - 2 0 0 lam are wound in
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Glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic resinous composition
Modification of carbon fiber surface characteristics Hou, K. C. (Celanese Corp) US Pat 3 762 941 f2 Oct 1973)
Method of making reinforced composite structures Withers, J. C. US Pat 3 763 001 (2 Oct 1973)
Direetionally solidified refractory oxide eutectic
layers around a form while the matrix metal is substantially simultaneously deposited between successive layers and between adjacent strands in a given layer. The filaments are guided to the form at a rate sufficient to give a clearance between adjacent filaments equal to at least one-half the filament diameter. The amounts of matrix between layers are sufficient to give a similar clearance between successive layers equal to at least one-half the filament diameter,
Buese, G. J. (Johnson & Johnson)
US Pat 3 763 858(9 Oct 1973)
Glass fiber-reinforced elastomers Marzochi, A. (Owens-Coming Fiberglas Corp) US Pat 3 764 452 (9 Oct 1973) The improvement in the bonding relationship between glass fibres and elastomeric materials in the manufacture of glass fibre-reinforced elasto-
COMPOSITES. NOVEMBER 1974
meric products wherein bundles of glass fibres are first coated with an elastomer compatible material and then are coated with a cellulose xanthate which prevents the elastomer compatible material from being disIodgedfrom the glass fibre surfaces, which can either be removed or chemically modified to aid in the integration of the glass"fibre bundles with the elasomeric material with which it is combined.
Polymeric high performance composites Woodhams, R. T. (Canadian Patents and Development Ltd) US Pat 3 764 456 (9 Oct 1973) A high performance composite of polymer and platelet reinforcing material, the platelets being of mica and having an aspect ratio of at least about 30. The platelets are of diameter within the range 1 to 1000/am and 0.001 to 100/am thickness, and constitute about 10 up to about 75% by volume of the composite. The mica platelets are prepared and selected to be of high aspect ratio and strength. Techniques for separating into placelets, encapsulating the platelets with polymer and for aligning the platelets in the matrix are described. Stress-strain properties of the composite are very good (particularly in the plane of alignment) indicating application as a structural material.
Reinforced mast construction Platt Monfort, R. F. D. US Pat 3 765 360 (16 Oct 1973) Mast construction for sailboat spars, flagpoles and the like, and a method of making the same. The mast includes an inner wood core generally cruciform in shape, and low density, rigid thermoplastic foam material positioned in the open areas of the core, with the exposed surface of the thermoplastic material being shaped to provide the desired mast contour. A plurality of reinforcing wires is secured around the foam material, and a resinous material is trowelled around the foam material and the cruciform core, with the resinous material when set embedding the reinforcing wires and providing a smooth outer contour.
Reinforced high pressure test vessel Giwer, M. M. USPat 3 765 557 (16 Oct 1973) Stress relief is provided in a high
COMPOSITES. NOVEMBER 1974
pressure test vessel by wrapping a pre-stressed, braided multifilament of interwoven fibre glass filaments coated externally with an epoxy resin about the pressure vessel to reduce the possibility of vessel fatigue under cyclic operation.
Filament reinforced rotor assembly Stargardter, H., Satter, S. A. and Pilpel, W. (United Aircraft Corp) US Pat 3 765 796 (16 Oct 1973) This invention relates to a rotor assembly reinforced with a filament wound composite ring. The rotor assembly comprises a rotatable member having an annular cavity, concentric to the member's axis. The composite ring is positioned within the cavity and has an inner diameter somewhat larger than the diameter of the rotor surface about which the ring is disposed. During rotor operation the rotor surface diameter increases and comes into centrifugal load bearing relationship to the composite ring, whereupon the ring carries a portion of the centrifugal loads thus reducing the strength requirement of the rotatable member. Glass fiber reinforced elastomers Marzocchi, A. (Owens-Coming Fiberglas) US Pat 3 765 927 (16 Oct 1973) Glass fibres for use in glass fibrereinforcing elastomeric products are produced by impregnating a bundle of previously sized glass fibres with a composition containing a high surface tension elastomer latex, then passing the impregnated bundle into a region of reduced pressure which contains a blend of an elasomer compatible material and an elastomer, and finally applying a top coating of the elastomer compatible material.
Unidirectional tensile test speciment incorporating integrated load pads Munyon, H. L. (Whittaker Corp) US Pat 3 765 996 (16 Oct 19 73) A test specimen which is particularly suitable for testing the tensile strength of high strength but brittle fibres incorporated in a resin matrix in unidirectional laminates. Each test speciment comprises a flat, unidirectional laminate with integrated loading pads at each end of the unidirectional laminate. The loading pads are made integral with the unidirectional laminate by: (1) employing substantially the same resin in the pads as is present in the flat laminate; (2) employ-
ing different reinforcing within each pad with the fibres on the inner side of each pad being the same as those present in the unidirectional laminate and with the fibres on the outer side of each pad being formed from generally high strength, non-brittle material to withstand the crUshing action of test machine jaws; and (3) by assembling the uncured components of the specimen and curing them in a single curing step without an additional adhesive.
Shapable fiber-reinforced low molecular weight polyethylene terephthalate Oswald, H. J. et al (Allied Chemical Corp) US Pat 3 765 998 (16 Oct 1973) Glass fibre-reinforced thermoplastic polymer composite sheets are formed using semicrystalline polymers that have their glass transition temperature above room temperature and may be cold formed i.e. shaped in a cold mould when preheated outside the mould. Glass-reinforced low molecular weight polyethylene terephthalate, or blends thereof, may be shaped in a cold mould, and exhibit excellent performance.
Friction lining composition containing fluorocarbon particles Johnson, H. R. (Kelsey-Hayes Co) USPat 3 766 130 (16 Oct 1973) An improved friction lining composition for vehicle brakes and the like possessing controlled dynamic friction properties and comprising a reinforced material, conventional fillers and/or friction-modifying additives, a bonding agent and a controlled amount of a particulated fluorocarbon plastic dispersed throughout the lining.
Glass reinforced thermoplastic compositions with metallocene coupling agents Arkles, B. C. (Liquid Nitrogen Processing Corp) US Pat 3 766 131 (16 Oct 1973) Thermoplastic resin composites reinforced with glass fibres and having improved mechanical and high temperature properties may be made by incorporating a small percentage of a metallocene coupling agent in the composite. Suitable metallocenes include titanocene, hafnocene and zirconocene dihalifes; titanocene disulfonates; and stable derivatives thereof, any of which may be used with or without a conventional silane coupling agent. Stable ferrocene derivatives may also be used in combination with a reactive silane.
277
Composite load bearing panels Ransome, F. F. (Gordon T. Kinder)
US Pat 3 759 009 (18 Sep 1973) Composite load bearing panels comprising two thin metal sheets, preferably mild steel, having a low density cementatious core material therebetween. Disc brake containing reinforced
carbon bodies Marin, G. R. (The Carborundum Company) USPat 3 759 353
(18 Sep 19 73) Brake discs, containing keyways or other indentations for bearing circumferential stress on their perimeters, are constructed, using a special technique, with circumferentially-wound carbon fibre reinforcement. The technique involves loosely winding the fibres to a width greater than the axial thickness of the desired (carbon) body, and then axially compressing them to cause radial overlapping of the fibres. With discs having irregular perimeters, the use of such a technique means that the fibres adjacent to the stressbearing perimeter can be made to confirm substantially to the shape of both the perimeter and the indentations.
Steel wire for reinforcing glass and method of production Nagano, K. and Saoyama, Y. (Asahi Glass Co Ltd) US Pat 3 759 754
(18 Sep 1973) Steel wire-reinforced glass, free from bubbles and cracks around the wire reinforcement embedded in the glass, is produced with steel wire heated in a water vapour-containing reducing atmosphere, the dew point of which is at least 20°C before it is embedded in the glass.
the alumina matrix phase being prestressed in compression by the ordered phase of stabilized zirconia.
Fibre-glass moulding process Newlove, B. US Pat 3 761 560 (25 Sep 1973) A process for making glass fibre reinforced mouldings, in which the moulding resin is injected into the space between a pair of dies defining between them the shape to be moulded.
Helicopter rotors comprising a reinforced plastics hub Bourquardez, G., Gouzien, M. J. Y. andMercier, R. (Societe Nationale Industrielle Aerospatiale) US Pat
3 762 834 (2 Oct 1973) A helicopter rotor has a reinforced plastics hub. Arms extend radially outwardly from the hub each arm carrying through, the intermediary of a sleeve, a blade~ The arms are reinforced with fibres.
Composite high-strength machine element and method of making the same
Dunn, W. M. (Federal-Mogul Corp)
US Pat 3 762 881 (2 Oct 1973) This composite high-strength bushing consists of a heavy-load-bearing sleeve of sintered powdered high-performance alloy and a lesser load-bearing support sleeve of sintered base metal such as sintered powdered iron.
Izawa, S. and Toyama, K. (Asahi-Dow Ltd) USPat 3 763 088 (2 Oct 1973) A novel glass fibre reinforced thermoplastic resinous composition is preoared by adding glass fibres to a resinous composition made of 99.5 to 55 weight percent noncrystalline thermoplastic resins, such as styrene type resins, polyphenylene ether resins, aromatic polycarbonate resins, aromatic polysulphone resins, and the like, and 0.5 to 45 weight percent uncured epoxy resins in an amount of 5 to 50 percent by weight based on the total weight of said resinous composition. This glass fibre reinforced thermoplastic resinous composition is suitable for making a large scale shaped article or a shaped article having a complicated structure.
Composite material having cementitious properties
A process is provided for modifying the surface characteristics of a carbonaceous fibrous material (ie either amorphous carbon or graphitic carbon) and to thereby facilitate enhanced adhesion between the carbonaceous fibrous material and a matrix material. Composite articles of enhanced interlaminar shear strength may be formed by incorporating the fibres modified in accordance with the present process in a resinous matrix material.
A composite material, useful as a surgical, medical or orthopaedic wrapping, is provided which will adhere or cohere to another surface, or to itself by the application of moderate pressure either at room temperature or an elevated temperature and will be substantially non-tacky to the touch until the application of such moderate pressure. The composite material comprises a cementitious core having bonded thereto a flexible, open cullular, resilient polymeric protective covering.
Hulse, C. O. and Batt, J. A. (United Aircraft Corp) US Pat 3 761 295
(25 Sep 1973) The eutectic composition existing between alumina and zirconia modified with a stabilizing agent such as yttria is directionally cast to provide a ceramic body of a very high useful strength
Process for making composite structures formed of reinforcement strands em, bedded in a metal matrix in which essentially cylindrical continuous filaments having a diameter within the range of 5 - 2 0 0 lam are wound in
276
Glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic resinous composition
Modification of carbon fiber surface characteristics Hou, K. C. (Celanese Corp) US Pat 3 762 941 f2 Oct 1973)
Method of making reinforced composite structures Withers, J. C. US Pat 3 763 001 (2 Oct 1973)
Direetionally solidified refractory oxide eutectic
layers around a form while the matrix metal is substantially simultaneously deposited between successive layers and between adjacent strands in a given layer. The filaments are guided to the form at a rate sufficient to give a clearance between adjacent filaments equal to at least one-half the filament diameter. The amounts of matrix between layers are sufficient to give a similar clearance between successive layers equal to at least one-half the filament diameter,
Buese, G. J. (Johnson & Johnson)
US Pat 3 763 858(9 Oct 1973)
Glass fiber-reinforced elastomers Marzochi, A. (Owens-Coming Fiberglas Corp) US Pat 3 764 452 (9 Oct 1973) The improvement in the bonding relationship between glass fibres and elastomeric materials in the manufacture of glass fibre-reinforced elasto-
COMPOSITES. NOVEMBER 1974
meric products wherein bundles of glass fibres are first coated with an elastomer compatible material and then are coated with a cellulose xanthate which prevents the elastomer compatible material from being disIodgedfrom the glass fibre surfaces, which can either be removed or chemically modified to aid in the integration of the glass"fibre bundles with the elasomeric material with which it is combined.
Polymeric high performance composites Woodhams, R. T. (Canadian Patents and Development Ltd) US Pat 3 764 456 (9 Oct 1973) A high performance composite of polymer and platelet reinforcing material, the platelets being of mica and having an aspect ratio of at least about 30. The platelets are of diameter within the range 1 to 1000/am and 0.001 to 100/am thickness, and constitute about 10 up to about 75% by volume of the composite. The mica platelets are prepared and selected to be of high aspect ratio and strength. Techniques for separating into placelets, encapsulating the platelets with polymer and for aligning the platelets in the matrix are described. Stress-strain properties of the composite are very good (particularly in the plane of alignment) indicating application as a structural material.
Reinforced mast construction Platt Monfort, R. F. D. US Pat 3 765 360 (16 Oct 1973) Mast construction for sailboat spars, flagpoles and the like, and a method of making the same. The mast includes an inner wood core generally cruciform in shape, and low density, rigid thermoplastic foam material positioned in the open areas of the core, with the exposed surface of the thermoplastic material being shaped to provide the desired mast contour. A plurality of reinforcing wires is secured around the foam material, and a resinous material is trowelled around the foam material and the cruciform core, with the resinous material when set embedding the reinforcing wires and providing a smooth outer contour.
Reinforced high pressure test vessel Giwer, M. M. USPat 3 765 557 (16 Oct 1973) Stress relief is provided in a high
COMPOSITES. NOVEMBER 1974
pressure test vessel by wrapping a pre-stressed, braided multifilament of interwoven fibre glass filaments coated externally with an epoxy resin about the pressure vessel to reduce the possibility of vessel fatigue under cyclic operation.
Filament reinforced rotor assembly Stargardter, H., Satter, S. A. and Pilpel, W. (United Aircraft Corp) US Pat 3 765 796 (16 Oct 1973) This invention relates to a rotor assembly reinforced with a filament wound composite ring. The rotor assembly comprises a rotatable member having an annular cavity, concentric to the member's axis. The composite ring is positioned within the cavity and has an inner diameter somewhat larger than the diameter of the rotor surface about which the ring is disposed. During rotor operation the rotor surface diameter increases and comes into centrifugal load bearing relationship to the composite ring, whereupon the ring carries a portion of the centrifugal loads thus reducing the strength requirement of the rotatable member. Glass fiber reinforced elastomers Marzocchi, A. (Owens-Coming Fiberglas) US Pat 3 765 927 (16 Oct 1973) Glass fibres for use in glass fibrereinforcing elastomeric products are produced by impregnating a bundle of previously sized glass fibres with a composition containing a high surface tension elastomer latex, then passing the impregnated bundle into a region of reduced pressure which contains a blend of an elasomer compatible material and an elastomer, and finally applying a top coating of the elastomer compatible material.
Unidirectional tensile test speciment incorporating integrated load pads Munyon, H. L. (Whittaker Corp) US Pat 3 765 996 (16 Oct 19 73) A test specimen which is particularly suitable for testing the tensile strength of high strength but brittle fibres incorporated in a resin matrix in unidirectional laminates. Each test speciment comprises a flat, unidirectional laminate with integrated loading pads at each end of the unidirectional laminate. The loading pads are made integral with the unidirectional laminate by: (1) employing substantially the same resin in the pads as is present in the flat laminate; (2) employ-
ing different reinforcing within each pad with the fibres on the inner side of each pad being the same as those present in the unidirectional laminate and with the fibres on the outer side of each pad being formed from generally high strength, non-brittle material to withstand the crUshing action of test machine jaws; and (3) by assembling the uncured components of the specimen and curing them in a single curing step without an additional adhesive.
Shapable fiber-reinforced low molecular weight polyethylene terephthalate Oswald, H. J. et al (Allied Chemical Corp) US Pat 3 765 998 (16 Oct 1973) Glass fibre-reinforced thermoplastic polymer composite sheets are formed using semicrystalline polymers that have their glass transition temperature above room temperature and may be cold formed i.e. shaped in a cold mould when preheated outside the mould. Glass-reinforced low molecular weight polyethylene terephthalate, or blends thereof, may be shaped in a cold mould, and exhibit excellent performance.
Friction lining composition containing fluorocarbon particles Johnson, H. R. (Kelsey-Hayes Co) USPat 3 766 130 (16 Oct 1973) An improved friction lining composition for vehicle brakes and the like possessing controlled dynamic friction properties and comprising a reinforced material, conventional fillers and/or friction-modifying additives, a bonding agent and a controlled amount of a particulated fluorocarbon plastic dispersed throughout the lining.
Glass reinforced thermoplastic compositions with metallocene coupling agents Arkles, B. C. (Liquid Nitrogen Processing Corp) US Pat 3 766 131 (16 Oct 1973) Thermoplastic resin composites reinforced with glass fibres and having improved mechanical and high temperature properties may be made by incorporating a small percentage of a metallocene coupling agent in the composite. Suitable metallocenes include titanocene, hafnocene and zirconocene dihalifes; titanocene disulfonates; and stable derivatives thereof, any of which may be used with or without a conventional silane coupling agent. Stable ferrocene derivatives may also be used in combination with a reactive silane.
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