- Email: [email protected]
GLC and HPLC determination of therapeutic agents
194
Reviews of recent publications-Fd
Cosmef. Toxicol. Vol. 18. no. 2
manufacturers or importers. All the substances in the inventory have been manufactured, imported or processed for commercial purposes in the USA since 1 January 1975. The list is in no way related to the possible toxicity of any of the chemicals, but merely indicates their commercial manufacture or use. The chemicals are identified in the ‘Initial Inventory’ by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number and by a preferred name. which identifies the composition of the substance or category of substance. They are listed in order of CAS number. This volume also includes two appendices, the first providing further definitions to assist in the identification of some of the substances in the main list and the second giving generic names for substances requiring confidential treatment. Three of the supporting volumes are designed to facilitate use of the Initial Inventory: the Substance Name Index (Volumes II and III) provides an alphabetical list of the preferred names of all substances in the inventory of their synonyms, while in Volume IV the substances appear again, either in the Molecular Formula Index or in the ‘UVCB Index’. The latter covers substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products and biological materials, a heterogeneous group which accounts for about one third of the substances included in the Initial Inventory. Chemical substances that are not in the Initial Inventory but have been processed, or imported as part of mixtures or articles, since 1 January 1975 may be added during a 210-day reporting period that began in May 1979. These, together with some substances reported too late for the current publication will be included in a Revised TSCA Chemical Substance Inventory, likely to be published during 1980. Subsequently, supplements will be published at intervals to incorporate substances for which premanufacture review has been completed and commercial handling is beginning. Two further volumes have been issued with the Initial Inventory to assist those who have to determine whether to report substances for the Revised Inventory. Together these volumes form the Trademark and Product Name List, which is designed to function solely in connection with the current 210-day reporting period and therefore will not be updated. The first part of this list presents a list of reporting companies together with their tradeToxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substance marks or product names, while in the second, the Inventory. Initial Inventory. Vol. I. US Environmental reporting company is identified for each trademark or Protection Agency. Published with accompanying product name in an alphabetically arranged list. Substance Name Index (Vols II and III), Molecular Formula and UVCB Indices (Vol. IV) and Trademark and Product Name List. EPA, Washington, DC, May GLC and HPLC Determination of Therapeutic 1979. Agents. Part 1. Edited by K. Tsuji and W. Morozowith. pp. xiv + 415. Sw.fr. 98.00. Part 2. Edited by K. The initial inventory of chemical substances required by the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Tsuji. pp. xiv + 519. Sw.fr. 95.00. Marcel Dekker, Inc., and based on information requested in 1977 (Federal New York, 1978. Register 1977, 42, 64572) has been published by the EPA. The inventory, which with its subsidiary parts The first two volumes of this three-volume work occupies six large volumes, lists more than 44,000 are advertised as comprehensive with respect to both materials covered by the TSCA definition of a chemithe theory and methodology of gas and highcal substance. While ‘naturally occurring substances’, performance liquid chromatography. They are again as defined by the TSCA, have been auto- nothing less. Both volumes provide an extremely wellmatically included, all other substances have been written account of these two related and axial fields of identified from reports submitted to the EPA by modern chromatographic science; the illustrations are
re-entry problem from which Florida escapes.) This comprehensive report is backed by numerous graphs and tables and an impressive.hst of references. The next volume of Residue Reoiews is one of the more conventional collections of unrelated papers. Two of these continue the organophosphate theme. The first presents a considerable amount of information on the toxicity of fenitrothion, as part of an assessment of the ecological hazards of spray programmes aimed against the spruce budworm in Canada and parts of the USA. A later chapter reviews some aspects of the persistence of parathion. While orgaftophosphorus pesticides are generally accepted as being less persistent than organochlorine compounds and are rapidly metabolized in plant and animal tissues, relatively little has been known about their fate in soils and water. Now, however, it appears that the widely-used parathion is stable enough for some accumulation to be possible in soil and water in areas of intensive cultivation. Microbial degradation is more effective than chemical detoxication in removing parathion from the environment, and flooding is apparently another, if drastic, means of speeding its breakdown. A review of the literature on lindane metabolism concentrates on the identification of its metabolites and on the distribution of radioactivity from labelled lindane in mammals, mainly the rat. In the light of this information, possible degradation pathways are discussed with the aid of numerous diagrams. The remaining contributions deal with two widespread contaminants of food-fluorine and arsenic. In the latter case, the approach is analytical, and the author deals methodically with the determination of arsenic in foods and other biological materials, moving from the principles of representative sampling, through sample preparation to the identification and estimation of specific arsenic compounds. In contrast, the fluorine review considers in some detail the levels of fluorine found in different types of food and the environmental and social factors liable to affect the fluorine intake of individuals. The general impression is of a complex and variable situation, but one that needs to be taken into account in any locality where water fluoridation is under discussion.
Reviews
of recent publications-Fd
numerous, mformative and superbly presented and the references cited are relevant and up-to-date. Part 1 covers the theory of chromatography and the instrumentation used for the separation and detection of substances, column selection, sample derivatization and isolation, mass spectrometer combination (both with gas-liquid chromatography and with high-performance liquid chromatography), quality control, and computer interfacing and data handling. Part 2 serves as a detailed laboratory handbook and reference guide to the chromatographic analysis of a variety of drugs in pharmaceutical formulations or biological samples. Although Part 2 refers to specific drug analyses, the wealth of experimental detail will provide useful comparative information for analysts developing methods for a wide variety of compounds. It is unlikely that any serious chromatographer will wish to be without at least part 1 of this series. BOOKS
RECEIVED
FOR
REVIEW
Mass Spectrometry. Vol. 5. A Review of the Recent Literature Published between July 1976 and June 1978. Senior Reporter R. A. W. Johnstone. The Chemical Society, London, 1979. pp. xii + 450. f25.00.
Cosmer.
Toxicol.
Vol.
18. no. 2
195
DDT and its Derivatives. Environmental Health Criteria 9. Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Health Organization. WHO. Geneva. 1979. pp. 194. Sw.fr. 16.~(available in the UK through HMS@. Residue Reviews. Residues of Pesticides and Other Contaminants in the Total Environment. Edited by F. A. Gunther. Springer-Verlag. New York, 1979. pp. viii + 144. DM 39.50. New Concepts in Safety Evaluation. Part 2. Advances in Modem Toxicology. Vol. I. Edited bv M. A. Mehlman. R. E. Shapiro and-H. Blumenthal. John Wiley & Sons: Chichester, 1979. pp. xiii + 191. f16.30. Progress in Drug Metabolism. Vol. 3. Edited by J. W. Bridges and L. F. Chasseaud. John Wiley & Sons, ChiChester, 1979. pp. ix + 372. f19.25. Chlorine Dioxide. Chemistry and Environmental Impact of Oxychlorine Compounds By W. J. Masschelein. Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc.. Ann Arbor, 1979. pp. ix + 190. f14.85. The Biochemistry of Atherosclerosis Edited by A. M. Scanu. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. 1979. pp. xx + 548. Sw.fr. 112.00. The Alkaloids: The Fundamental Chemistry-A Biogenetic Approach. By D. R. Dalton. Marcel Dekker, Inct New York. 1979. DD. x + 789. Sw.fr. 110.00. Pharmacologieai Methods in Toxicology. Edited by G. Zbinden and F. Gross. Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford, 1979. pp. xi + 612. f57.50.
Reviews of recent publications-Fd
Cosmef. Toxicol. Vol. 18. no. 2
manufacturers or importers. All the substances in the inventory have been manufactured, imported or processed for commercial purposes in the USA since 1 January 1975. The list is in no way related to the possible toxicity of any of the chemicals, but merely indicates their commercial manufacture or use. The chemicals are identified in the ‘Initial Inventory’ by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number and by a preferred name. which identifies the composition of the substance or category of substance. They are listed in order of CAS number. This volume also includes two appendices, the first providing further definitions to assist in the identification of some of the substances in the main list and the second giving generic names for substances requiring confidential treatment. Three of the supporting volumes are designed to facilitate use of the Initial Inventory: the Substance Name Index (Volumes II and III) provides an alphabetical list of the preferred names of all substances in the inventory of their synonyms, while in Volume IV the substances appear again, either in the Molecular Formula Index or in the ‘UVCB Index’. The latter covers substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products and biological materials, a heterogeneous group which accounts for about one third of the substances included in the Initial Inventory. Chemical substances that are not in the Initial Inventory but have been processed, or imported as part of mixtures or articles, since 1 January 1975 may be added during a 210-day reporting period that began in May 1979. These, together with some substances reported too late for the current publication will be included in a Revised TSCA Chemical Substance Inventory, likely to be published during 1980. Subsequently, supplements will be published at intervals to incorporate substances for which premanufacture review has been completed and commercial handling is beginning. Two further volumes have been issued with the Initial Inventory to assist those who have to determine whether to report substances for the Revised Inventory. Together these volumes form the Trademark and Product Name List, which is designed to function solely in connection with the current 210-day reporting period and therefore will not be updated. The first part of this list presents a list of reporting companies together with their tradeToxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substance marks or product names, while in the second, the Inventory. Initial Inventory. Vol. I. US Environmental reporting company is identified for each trademark or Protection Agency. Published with accompanying product name in an alphabetically arranged list. Substance Name Index (Vols II and III), Molecular Formula and UVCB Indices (Vol. IV) and Trademark and Product Name List. EPA, Washington, DC, May GLC and HPLC Determination of Therapeutic 1979. Agents. Part 1. Edited by K. Tsuji and W. Morozowith. pp. xiv + 415. Sw.fr. 98.00. Part 2. Edited by K. The initial inventory of chemical substances required by the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Tsuji. pp. xiv + 519. Sw.fr. 95.00. Marcel Dekker, Inc., and based on information requested in 1977 (Federal New York, 1978. Register 1977, 42, 64572) has been published by the EPA. The inventory, which with its subsidiary parts The first two volumes of this three-volume work occupies six large volumes, lists more than 44,000 are advertised as comprehensive with respect to both materials covered by the TSCA definition of a chemithe theory and methodology of gas and highcal substance. While ‘naturally occurring substances’, performance liquid chromatography. They are again as defined by the TSCA, have been auto- nothing less. Both volumes provide an extremely wellmatically included, all other substances have been written account of these two related and axial fields of identified from reports submitted to the EPA by modern chromatographic science; the illustrations are
re-entry problem from which Florida escapes.) This comprehensive report is backed by numerous graphs and tables and an impressive.hst of references. The next volume of Residue Reoiews is one of the more conventional collections of unrelated papers. Two of these continue the organophosphate theme. The first presents a considerable amount of information on the toxicity of fenitrothion, as part of an assessment of the ecological hazards of spray programmes aimed against the spruce budworm in Canada and parts of the USA. A later chapter reviews some aspects of the persistence of parathion. While orgaftophosphorus pesticides are generally accepted as being less persistent than organochlorine compounds and are rapidly metabolized in plant and animal tissues, relatively little has been known about their fate in soils and water. Now, however, it appears that the widely-used parathion is stable enough for some accumulation to be possible in soil and water in areas of intensive cultivation. Microbial degradation is more effective than chemical detoxication in removing parathion from the environment, and flooding is apparently another, if drastic, means of speeding its breakdown. A review of the literature on lindane metabolism concentrates on the identification of its metabolites and on the distribution of radioactivity from labelled lindane in mammals, mainly the rat. In the light of this information, possible degradation pathways are discussed with the aid of numerous diagrams. The remaining contributions deal with two widespread contaminants of food-fluorine and arsenic. In the latter case, the approach is analytical, and the author deals methodically with the determination of arsenic in foods and other biological materials, moving from the principles of representative sampling, through sample preparation to the identification and estimation of specific arsenic compounds. In contrast, the fluorine review considers in some detail the levels of fluorine found in different types of food and the environmental and social factors liable to affect the fluorine intake of individuals. The general impression is of a complex and variable situation, but one that needs to be taken into account in any locality where water fluoridation is under discussion.
Reviews
of recent publications-Fd
numerous, mformative and superbly presented and the references cited are relevant and up-to-date. Part 1 covers the theory of chromatography and the instrumentation used for the separation and detection of substances, column selection, sample derivatization and isolation, mass spectrometer combination (both with gas-liquid chromatography and with high-performance liquid chromatography), quality control, and computer interfacing and data handling. Part 2 serves as a detailed laboratory handbook and reference guide to the chromatographic analysis of a variety of drugs in pharmaceutical formulations or biological samples. Although Part 2 refers to specific drug analyses, the wealth of experimental detail will provide useful comparative information for analysts developing methods for a wide variety of compounds. It is unlikely that any serious chromatographer will wish to be without at least part 1 of this series. BOOKS
RECEIVED
FOR
REVIEW
Mass Spectrometry. Vol. 5. A Review of the Recent Literature Published between July 1976 and June 1978. Senior Reporter R. A. W. Johnstone. The Chemical Society, London, 1979. pp. xii + 450. f25.00.
Cosmer.
Toxicol.
Vol.
18. no. 2
195
DDT and its Derivatives. Environmental Health Criteria 9. Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Health Organization. WHO. Geneva. 1979. pp. 194. Sw.fr. 16.~(available in the UK through HMS@. Residue Reviews. Residues of Pesticides and Other Contaminants in the Total Environment. Edited by F. A. Gunther. Springer-Verlag. New York, 1979. pp. viii + 144. DM 39.50. New Concepts in Safety Evaluation. Part 2. Advances in Modem Toxicology. Vol. I. Edited bv M. A. Mehlman. R. E. Shapiro and-H. Blumenthal. John Wiley & Sons: Chichester, 1979. pp. xiii + 191. f16.30. Progress in Drug Metabolism. Vol. 3. Edited by J. W. Bridges and L. F. Chasseaud. John Wiley & Sons, ChiChester, 1979. pp. ix + 372. f19.25. Chlorine Dioxide. Chemistry and Environmental Impact of Oxychlorine Compounds By W. J. Masschelein. Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc.. Ann Arbor, 1979. pp. ix + 190. f14.85. The Biochemistry of Atherosclerosis Edited by A. M. Scanu. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. 1979. pp. xx + 548. Sw.fr. 112.00. The Alkaloids: The Fundamental Chemistry-A Biogenetic Approach. By D. R. Dalton. Marcel Dekker, Inct New York. 1979. DD. x + 789. Sw.fr. 110.00. Pharmacologieai Methods in Toxicology. Edited by G. Zbinden and F. Gross. Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford, 1979. pp. xi + 612. f57.50.