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Glossary of terms
GLOSSARY OF TERMS This glossary has been revised from that given in Part 1 to include the terminology adopted by ICRP in its 1990 recommendations (ICRP, 1991). Absorbed Dose the physical dose quantity defined as the quotient of the energy absorbed in an organ ortissueTbyitsmass(lJkg-‘=lGy). Absorbed Fraction (AF(T- S)i) the fraction of energy emitted as a specified radiation region S which is absorbed in a specified target tissue T.
type i in a specified
source
Becquerel (Bq) the name for the SI unit of activity, 1 Bq = 1 s-‘. Cells Near Bone Surfaces those tissues which lie within 10 ,um of endosteal surfaces and bone surfaces lined with epithelium. Committed Effective Dose the sum of the products of the committed organ or tissue equivalent appropriate organ or tissue weighting factors ( wT).
doses and the
Committed Equivalent Dose the time integral of the equivalent dose rate in a particular tissue or organ that will be received by an individual following intake of radioactive material into the body. The integration time is 50 years for the adults. For children and young persons, doses are calculated to age 70 years. Cortical Bone equivalent to “Compact Bone” in ICRP Publication 20 (ICRP, 1973), i.e. any bone with a surface/volume ratio less than 60 cm2 cm-3; in Reference Man it has a mass of 4000 g. Dose Coefficient committed tissue equivalent dose per unit intake or committed intake (Sv Bq-I). Effective Dose the effective dose is the sum of the weighted equivalent organs of the body.
effective dose per unit
doses in all the tissues and
Equivalent Dose the tissue or organ absorbed dose (Gy or J kg-‘) multiplied by the radiation weighting factor ( wR). vii
...
Vlll
REPORT OF A TASK GROUP OF COMMITTEE
Fractional Absorption in the Gastrointestinal Tract the fraction of an element entering the gastrointestinal is termed the f, value.
2
tract which reaches body fluids
Prompt Excretion removal of activity directly from blood to urinary bladder or to the gastrointestinal tract with the clearance half-time assigned to blood. Radiation Weighting Factor ( wR) the radiation weighting factor is a dimensionless factor to derive the equivalent dose from the absorbed dose averaged over a tissue or organ and is based on the quality of radiation. Red Bone Marrow (active) the component of marrow which contains the bulk of the haematopoietic Reference Man a person with the anatomical and physiological characteristics the ICRP Task Group on Reference Man (ICRP, 1975).
stem cells.
defined in the report of
Sievert (Sv) the name for the SI unit of equivalent dose and effective dose: 1 Sv=l Jkg-‘. Source Region (S) region within the body containing the radionuclide. The region may be an organ, a tissue, or the contents of the gastrointestinal tract or urinary bladder. Specific Effective Energy (SEE(T+S),) the energy (MeV), suitably modified for radiation weighting factor, imparted per gram of a target tissue T as a consequence of the emission of a specified radiation (i) from a transformation occurring in source region S. Target Tissue tissue or organ in which radiation is absorbed. Tissue Weighting Factor ( wT) the tissue weighting factors are dimensionless factors to derive the effective dose from the equivalent dose. They are based on the different sensitivities of tissues to radiation. Trabecular Bone equivalent to “Cancellous Bone” in ZCRP Publication 20 (ICRP, 1973), i.e. any bone with a surface/volume ratio greater than 60 cm2 cm- 3; in Reference Man it has a mass of 1000 g. References ICRP (1973) Alkaline Earth Metabolism in Adult Man, ICRP Publication 20. Pergamon Press, Oxford. ICRP (1975) Report ofrhe Task Group on Reference Man, ICRP Publication 23, pp. 390-391. Pergamon Press, Oxford. ICRP (1991) 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 6f?.AnnalsoftheICRP21(1-3), 1991.
type i in a specified
source
Becquerel (Bq) the name for the SI unit of activity, 1 Bq = 1 s-‘. Cells Near Bone Surfaces those tissues which lie within 10 ,um of endosteal surfaces and bone surfaces lined with epithelium. Committed Effective Dose the sum of the products of the committed organ or tissue equivalent appropriate organ or tissue weighting factors ( wT).
doses and the
Committed Equivalent Dose the time integral of the equivalent dose rate in a particular tissue or organ that will be received by an individual following intake of radioactive material into the body. The integration time is 50 years for the adults. For children and young persons, doses are calculated to age 70 years. Cortical Bone equivalent to “Compact Bone” in ICRP Publication 20 (ICRP, 1973), i.e. any bone with a surface/volume ratio less than 60 cm2 cm-3; in Reference Man it has a mass of 4000 g. Dose Coefficient committed tissue equivalent dose per unit intake or committed intake (Sv Bq-I). Effective Dose the effective dose is the sum of the weighted equivalent organs of the body.
effective dose per unit
doses in all the tissues and
Equivalent Dose the tissue or organ absorbed dose (Gy or J kg-‘) multiplied by the radiation weighting factor ( wR). vii
...
Vlll
REPORT OF A TASK GROUP OF COMMITTEE
Fractional Absorption in the Gastrointestinal Tract the fraction of an element entering the gastrointestinal is termed the f, value.
2
tract which reaches body fluids
Prompt Excretion removal of activity directly from blood to urinary bladder or to the gastrointestinal tract with the clearance half-time assigned to blood. Radiation Weighting Factor ( wR) the radiation weighting factor is a dimensionless factor to derive the equivalent dose from the absorbed dose averaged over a tissue or organ and is based on the quality of radiation. Red Bone Marrow (active) the component of marrow which contains the bulk of the haematopoietic Reference Man a person with the anatomical and physiological characteristics the ICRP Task Group on Reference Man (ICRP, 1975).
stem cells.
defined in the report of
Sievert (Sv) the name for the SI unit of equivalent dose and effective dose: 1 Sv=l Jkg-‘. Source Region (S) region within the body containing the radionuclide. The region may be an organ, a tissue, or the contents of the gastrointestinal tract or urinary bladder. Specific Effective Energy (SEE(T+S),) the energy (MeV), suitably modified for radiation weighting factor, imparted per gram of a target tissue T as a consequence of the emission of a specified radiation (i) from a transformation occurring in source region S. Target Tissue tissue or organ in which radiation is absorbed. Tissue Weighting Factor ( wT) the tissue weighting factors are dimensionless factors to derive the effective dose from the equivalent dose. They are based on the different sensitivities of tissues to radiation. Trabecular Bone equivalent to “Cancellous Bone” in ZCRP Publication 20 (ICRP, 1973), i.e. any bone with a surface/volume ratio greater than 60 cm2 cm- 3; in Reference Man it has a mass of 1000 g. References ICRP (1973) Alkaline Earth Metabolism in Adult Man, ICRP Publication 20. Pergamon Press, Oxford. ICRP (1975) Report ofrhe Task Group on Reference Man, ICRP Publication 23, pp. 390-391. Pergamon Press, Oxford. ICRP (1991) 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 6f?.AnnalsoftheICRP21(1-3), 1991.