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Glutathione S-transferases and drug resistance
Inr. J. Biochem. Vol. 23, No. I, pp. 129-130, 1991 Pergamon Press pk. Printed in Great Britain
BOOK REVIEWS
Essays in Biochemistry, Vol. 2sEdited by K. F. TIPTON. 250 pp. 1990. Academic Press, New York. f18.50 paperback.
Glutnthiow S-Tramferases and Drug Reslatanee-Edited by J. D. HAYED,C. B. PICKETTand T. J. MANTLE.459 pp. 1990. Taylor & Francis, London. s47.
The essays in this volume are: Regulation of intracellular calcium by A. P. Dawson; Intracellular protein degradation by A. J. Rivett; Metabolic heterogeneity of liver parenchymal cells by B. Quistorff; Ethanol metabolism and alcoholic liver disease by N. P. Kennedy and K. F. Tipton; Biochemistry and Neurochemistry in the 1800’s, their origins in comparative animal chemistry by H. A. McIlwain. They provide an interesting and informative biochemical read.
There are at least ten different isozymes of GST (this book compares them and their different nomenclatures) and they can react with: xenobiotics by increased drug detoxification (thioether formation; peroxide activity); drug sequestration by ligand activity; formation of reactive conjugates and hence reduced drug activity; DNA repair enzymes; stress response proteins. This symposium volume describes the action of GSTs in drug detoxication; oxidative stress; regulation of GST induction; models of drug resistance; GSTs in cancer therapy.
Molecular Medical Biochemistry-J. P. LUZIO and R. J. THOMPSON.264 pp. 1990. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. $69.50 hardback. $24.95 paperback.
G-proteins as Mediators of Cellular SignaIling FWcesses-
Edited by M. D. HOUSLAY and G. MILLIGAN.232 pp. 1990. Wiley, Chichester. E35.
This book is aimed at the preclinical medical student and shows the future clinicians that modern biochemistry plays a key role in rational diagnosis and therapy. The chapters are on: proteins in medicine; antibodies in medicine; tissue specific proteins; the plasma membrane; hormone action; secretion; the genome. The student will learn a reasonable amount of biochemistry from this book and it might stimulate him to read further. A substantial hors-d’oeuvre more than a main course.
The Biology and Chemistry of PolyaminesEdited by S. H. GOLDEMBERG and I. D. ALGRANATI.244 pp. 1990. IRL/Oxford University Press, Oxford. $60 paperback. Omithine, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are the key characters. DNA methylation regulates transcription of the human ODC gene. Induction of ODC in lymphocytes involves protein kinase C and calcium ions which induce interleukin-2, which in turn mediates an enhancement of ODC activity through an increase in mRNA. The main sections of this book are on: polyamines (P) in the synthesis of macromolecules and in metabolic regulation; enzymes and regulation of P metabolism; P in microorganisms and viruses; P in plants and parasites; P in cell growth and differentiation; synthetic P derivatives and antimetabolites.
Transmembraw SignaIling; Intracellular Messengers and Implications for Drug Development-Edited by S. R. NAHORSKI. 248 pp. 1990. Wiley, Chichester. E39.50.
Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, 2nd Edn-B. HALLIWELLand J. M. C. GUTTERIDGE.543 pp. 1989. Oxford University Press, Oxford. f50 hardback. f22 paperback. Free radicals can damage biological tissues. The toxicity of oxygen is partly due to its formation of free radicals that are not quickly converted (by catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbic acid, glutathione, uric acid, metallothioneins) to a safer form. The chapter headings in this book are on: oxygen toxicity; hydroxyl radicals; superoxides; lipid peroxidation; free radicals in chloroplasts; diabetic cataract; free radicals and disease; useful free radicals; ageing. The material has been brought up to date and the text has been rewritten to take into account the tremendous increase in the literature on free radicals since the last edition in 1985.
G-proteins (G)-guanine nucleotide binding proteins-are the flavour of the year. This volume surveys: the dual control of adenylate cyclase; isolation and purification of G; immunological probes and identification of G; molecular biology of G; receptor stimulated GTPase activity of G; specificity of interactions between receptors; signal transducing G of photoreceptors; G mediated signalling in olfaction; G and regulation of ion channels; IP3 and G; Ras and Ras related G; G in growth, differentiation and disease. Increased knowledge of the 3D structure of G and the changes in G function in transformed states has lead to understanding of the domains in G that are functional.
The identification and cloning of different second messenger systems at specific receptor sites in the body should allow the development of drugs specific for that site. This book looks at the role of second messengers at alpha and beta adrenoreceptors; muscarinic receptors; ionic channels; calcium currents; calcium pump; phospholipase C regulation; cell growth; IP3. The information about the 2nd messengers is reviewed here and shows how transmitters and hormones can act at these sites.
Mycotoxins; Chemical, Biological and Environmental Aspeets--V. BETINA.438 pp. 1989. Elsevier, Amsterdam. D.Fl. 295. $155. There are about 300 species of fungi that produce known mycotoxins. The most widely known toxins are the aflatoxins but this book surveys the range of mycotoxins produced by fungal infection of foods and other hosts. After an initial survey of mycotoxin producing fungi, secondary metabolites; biological effects; biochemical mode of action; structure-activity relationships; there are chapters on each of the important groups of toxins; aflatoxins, sterigmatocystins 129
BOOK REVIEWS
Essays in Biochemistry, Vol. 2sEdited by K. F. TIPTON. 250 pp. 1990. Academic Press, New York. f18.50 paperback.
Glutnthiow S-Tramferases and Drug Reslatanee-Edited by J. D. HAYED,C. B. PICKETTand T. J. MANTLE.459 pp. 1990. Taylor & Francis, London. s47.
The essays in this volume are: Regulation of intracellular calcium by A. P. Dawson; Intracellular protein degradation by A. J. Rivett; Metabolic heterogeneity of liver parenchymal cells by B. Quistorff; Ethanol metabolism and alcoholic liver disease by N. P. Kennedy and K. F. Tipton; Biochemistry and Neurochemistry in the 1800’s, their origins in comparative animal chemistry by H. A. McIlwain. They provide an interesting and informative biochemical read.
There are at least ten different isozymes of GST (this book compares them and their different nomenclatures) and they can react with: xenobiotics by increased drug detoxification (thioether formation; peroxide activity); drug sequestration by ligand activity; formation of reactive conjugates and hence reduced drug activity; DNA repair enzymes; stress response proteins. This symposium volume describes the action of GSTs in drug detoxication; oxidative stress; regulation of GST induction; models of drug resistance; GSTs in cancer therapy.
Molecular Medical Biochemistry-J. P. LUZIO and R. J. THOMPSON.264 pp. 1990. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. $69.50 hardback. $24.95 paperback.
G-proteins as Mediators of Cellular SignaIling FWcesses-
Edited by M. D. HOUSLAY and G. MILLIGAN.232 pp. 1990. Wiley, Chichester. E35.
This book is aimed at the preclinical medical student and shows the future clinicians that modern biochemistry plays a key role in rational diagnosis and therapy. The chapters are on: proteins in medicine; antibodies in medicine; tissue specific proteins; the plasma membrane; hormone action; secretion; the genome. The student will learn a reasonable amount of biochemistry from this book and it might stimulate him to read further. A substantial hors-d’oeuvre more than a main course.
The Biology and Chemistry of PolyaminesEdited by S. H. GOLDEMBERG and I. D. ALGRANATI.244 pp. 1990. IRL/Oxford University Press, Oxford. $60 paperback. Omithine, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are the key characters. DNA methylation regulates transcription of the human ODC gene. Induction of ODC in lymphocytes involves protein kinase C and calcium ions which induce interleukin-2, which in turn mediates an enhancement of ODC activity through an increase in mRNA. The main sections of this book are on: polyamines (P) in the synthesis of macromolecules and in metabolic regulation; enzymes and regulation of P metabolism; P in microorganisms and viruses; P in plants and parasites; P in cell growth and differentiation; synthetic P derivatives and antimetabolites.
Transmembraw SignaIling; Intracellular Messengers and Implications for Drug Development-Edited by S. R. NAHORSKI. 248 pp. 1990. Wiley, Chichester. E39.50.
Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, 2nd Edn-B. HALLIWELLand J. M. C. GUTTERIDGE.543 pp. 1989. Oxford University Press, Oxford. f50 hardback. f22 paperback. Free radicals can damage biological tissues. The toxicity of oxygen is partly due to its formation of free radicals that are not quickly converted (by catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbic acid, glutathione, uric acid, metallothioneins) to a safer form. The chapter headings in this book are on: oxygen toxicity; hydroxyl radicals; superoxides; lipid peroxidation; free radicals in chloroplasts; diabetic cataract; free radicals and disease; useful free radicals; ageing. The material has been brought up to date and the text has been rewritten to take into account the tremendous increase in the literature on free radicals since the last edition in 1985.
G-proteins (G)-guanine nucleotide binding proteins-are the flavour of the year. This volume surveys: the dual control of adenylate cyclase; isolation and purification of G; immunological probes and identification of G; molecular biology of G; receptor stimulated GTPase activity of G; specificity of interactions between receptors; signal transducing G of photoreceptors; G mediated signalling in olfaction; G and regulation of ion channels; IP3 and G; Ras and Ras related G; G in growth, differentiation and disease. Increased knowledge of the 3D structure of G and the changes in G function in transformed states has lead to understanding of the domains in G that are functional.
The identification and cloning of different second messenger systems at specific receptor sites in the body should allow the development of drugs specific for that site. This book looks at the role of second messengers at alpha and beta adrenoreceptors; muscarinic receptors; ionic channels; calcium currents; calcium pump; phospholipase C regulation; cell growth; IP3. The information about the 2nd messengers is reviewed here and shows how transmitters and hormones can act at these sites.
Mycotoxins; Chemical, Biological and Environmental Aspeets--V. BETINA.438 pp. 1989. Elsevier, Amsterdam. D.Fl. 295. $155. There are about 300 species of fungi that produce known mycotoxins. The most widely known toxins are the aflatoxins but this book surveys the range of mycotoxins produced by fungal infection of foods and other hosts. After an initial survey of mycotoxin producing fungi, secondary metabolites; biological effects; biochemical mode of action; structure-activity relationships; there are chapters on each of the important groups of toxins; aflatoxins, sterigmatocystins 129