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Glycyrrhiza glabra protects the liver hepatocytes from the volatile organic compounds
S180
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 258S (2016) S62–S324
ical parameters (water content, dry matter, pH, conductivity, ash content, density and acidity) showed that our samples meet international quality standards according to the Alimentairus Codex and EU. The qualitative pollen analysis showed that almost all honey samples are monofloral type with dominance of a few species in the region such as Eucalyptus sp. and Daucus Carota. The estimate of the antibacterial effect revealed that all samples have a significant antibacterial effect with the concentration 100% with different test strains: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Knowing that the most resistant strain is Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus and E. coli are more susceptible. This opens an interesting perspective in the therapeutic and pharmaceutical field where antibiotics are important in the fight against infections and food poisoning. Also marketing of an Algerian honey of quality requires to develop its technology, follow good hygiene behaviors to provide a safe and suitable for consumption and conservation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1667 P10 – General toxicology P10-001 Glycyrrhiza glabra protects the liver hepatocytes from the volatile organic compounds Z. Erdo˘gan 1,∗ , S. Erdo˘gan 2 , Z.B. Do˘ganlar 2 , O. Do˘ganlar 2 , S. Cano˘gulları 3 1 Department of Food Processing, Vocational College of Arda Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey 2 Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey 3 Department of Animal Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde University, Ni˘gde, Turkey
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are found widely in the environment, and have toxic and hazardous effects. We aimed to investigate a possible hepatoprotective role of the root extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG) (Licorice) which is a plant used as traditional medicine, against VOC exposure. LC–MS/MS analyzes revealed that GG rich of flavonoids abscisic, syringic, 2,5-dihydroxy benzoic, trans ferrulic, salicyclic and abscisic acids. The mRNA expression analyzed was performed using by RT-qPCR. Human hepatoma HepG2 cells were exposed to the permissible maximumcontamination level of VOC (100 ppb) mixture with or without low level of GG extract for 48 h. The exposure of cells to VOCs significantly increased in antioxidant catalase, SOD and Mn-SOD expressions. VOCs treatment caused to up-regulate inflammatory cytokines TNF-␣ and IL-1. In contrary, VOC-induced oxidative stress and inflammation was remarkably reversed by the administration of low doses of GG. Altered expressions of Bax, Bcl-xL, Apaf-1, SMUG-1, XRCC and p53 genes by VOCs treatment were significantly reversed by GG. VOCs also induced livin gene expression depleted by VOCs. GG treatment protected the cells from VOCs damage by decreasing the expressions of Hsp-27, -60 and -90 demonstrating that GG has the key role to modulate apoptosis, folding and translocation of proteins, and attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production under stressed conditions. In addition, RAPD assay exhibited that GG protects hepatoma cells from the genotoxic damaging effects of VOCs. These results suggest that GG could protect the liver cells via modulating the oxidative stress, inflammation and reversing the genotoxic effects of VOCs. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1668
P10-002 The in vitro percutaneous absorption and metabolism of bisphenol A (BPA) through fresh human skin F. Toner 1 , G. Allan 1 , D. Beyer 2,∗ , S.S. Dimond 3 , N. Aygun Kocabas 3,4 1
Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd., UK Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft (on behalf of COVESTRO), Wuppertal, Germany 3 SABIC, Pittsfield, MA, USA 4 SABIC, Sittard, Netherlands 2
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production volume compound. It is mainly used as a monomer to make polymers for various applications including food-contact materials. The primary route of exposure to BPA in the general population is through oral intake. However, other potential sources of exposure have also been identified, such as dermal contact. As part of a substance evaluation process (CoRAP) by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), a study was required to assess the rate and extent of absorption and metabolism of BPA following topical application to human skin. In order to fulfil this requirement, an in vitro dermal penetration study according to OECD TG 428 (Skin absorption: In Vitro Method) was conducted. To investigate potential dermal BPA metabolism, fresh human skin samples from 4 different donors were used. Test preparations using concentrations of 2.4, 12, 60 and 300 mg/L of radiolabelled BPA were applied. The mean total absorbed dose (receptor fluid + receptor chamber wash + receptor rinse) ranged from 1.68 to 3.62% of the applied dose. The dermal delivery (epidermis + dermis + absorbed dose) was 16–20% of the applied dose, with the majority of the radioactivity associated with epidermis compared to dermis and receptor fluid. The dose–response relationships observed were linear. No metabolism was observed in any of the epidermis samples, however metabolism was observed in dermis and receptor fluid samples (0–14%) with formation of BPA-glucuronide and BPA-sulfate, and some polar metabolites. Study sponsor: REACHCENTRUM (on behalf of Bisphenol-A REACH Consortium), Brussels, Belgium. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1669 P10-003 Development and evaluation of a novel subject “Drug Addiction Prevention” in the Degree of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Spain 1 , C. Mateos-Vega 2 , M. Lobo-Bedmar 3 , M. ˜ A. Pena-Fernández ˜ 2,∗ González-Munoz 1
School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE19BH, UK 2 Unidad de Toxicología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Crta. Madrid-Barcelona Km, 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain 3 Departamento de Investigación Agroambiental, IMIDRA, Finca el Encín, Crta. Madrid-Barcelona Km, 38.2, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain Consumption of drugs of abuse has a dramatic impact on morbidity and mortality as well as produce significant social and health costs. Our young population is exposed to new substances every day such as the recent phenomenon of “legal highs”. Thus, a clear understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological effects
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 258S (2016) S62–S324
ical parameters (water content, dry matter, pH, conductivity, ash content, density and acidity) showed that our samples meet international quality standards according to the Alimentairus Codex and EU. The qualitative pollen analysis showed that almost all honey samples are monofloral type with dominance of a few species in the region such as Eucalyptus sp. and Daucus Carota. The estimate of the antibacterial effect revealed that all samples have a significant antibacterial effect with the concentration 100% with different test strains: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Knowing that the most resistant strain is Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus and E. coli are more susceptible. This opens an interesting perspective in the therapeutic and pharmaceutical field where antibiotics are important in the fight against infections and food poisoning. Also marketing of an Algerian honey of quality requires to develop its technology, follow good hygiene behaviors to provide a safe and suitable for consumption and conservation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1667 P10 – General toxicology P10-001 Glycyrrhiza glabra protects the liver hepatocytes from the volatile organic compounds Z. Erdo˘gan 1,∗ , S. Erdo˘gan 2 , Z.B. Do˘ganlar 2 , O. Do˘ganlar 2 , S. Cano˘gulları 3 1 Department of Food Processing, Vocational College of Arda Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey 2 Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey 3 Department of Animal Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde University, Ni˘gde, Turkey
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are found widely in the environment, and have toxic and hazardous effects. We aimed to investigate a possible hepatoprotective role of the root extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG) (Licorice) which is a plant used as traditional medicine, against VOC exposure. LC–MS/MS analyzes revealed that GG rich of flavonoids abscisic, syringic, 2,5-dihydroxy benzoic, trans ferrulic, salicyclic and abscisic acids. The mRNA expression analyzed was performed using by RT-qPCR. Human hepatoma HepG2 cells were exposed to the permissible maximumcontamination level of VOC (100 ppb) mixture with or without low level of GG extract for 48 h. The exposure of cells to VOCs significantly increased in antioxidant catalase, SOD and Mn-SOD expressions. VOCs treatment caused to up-regulate inflammatory cytokines TNF-␣ and IL-1. In contrary, VOC-induced oxidative stress and inflammation was remarkably reversed by the administration of low doses of GG. Altered expressions of Bax, Bcl-xL, Apaf-1, SMUG-1, XRCC and p53 genes by VOCs treatment were significantly reversed by GG. VOCs also induced livin gene expression depleted by VOCs. GG treatment protected the cells from VOCs damage by decreasing the expressions of Hsp-27, -60 and -90 demonstrating that GG has the key role to modulate apoptosis, folding and translocation of proteins, and attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production under stressed conditions. In addition, RAPD assay exhibited that GG protects hepatoma cells from the genotoxic damaging effects of VOCs. These results suggest that GG could protect the liver cells via modulating the oxidative stress, inflammation and reversing the genotoxic effects of VOCs. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1668
P10-002 The in vitro percutaneous absorption and metabolism of bisphenol A (BPA) through fresh human skin F. Toner 1 , G. Allan 1 , D. Beyer 2,∗ , S.S. Dimond 3 , N. Aygun Kocabas 3,4 1
Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd., UK Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft (on behalf of COVESTRO), Wuppertal, Germany 3 SABIC, Pittsfield, MA, USA 4 SABIC, Sittard, Netherlands 2
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production volume compound. It is mainly used as a monomer to make polymers for various applications including food-contact materials. The primary route of exposure to BPA in the general population is through oral intake. However, other potential sources of exposure have also been identified, such as dermal contact. As part of a substance evaluation process (CoRAP) by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), a study was required to assess the rate and extent of absorption and metabolism of BPA following topical application to human skin. In order to fulfil this requirement, an in vitro dermal penetration study according to OECD TG 428 (Skin absorption: In Vitro Method) was conducted. To investigate potential dermal BPA metabolism, fresh human skin samples from 4 different donors were used. Test preparations using concentrations of 2.4, 12, 60 and 300 mg/L of radiolabelled BPA were applied. The mean total absorbed dose (receptor fluid + receptor chamber wash + receptor rinse) ranged from 1.68 to 3.62% of the applied dose. The dermal delivery (epidermis + dermis + absorbed dose) was 16–20% of the applied dose, with the majority of the radioactivity associated with epidermis compared to dermis and receptor fluid. The dose–response relationships observed were linear. No metabolism was observed in any of the epidermis samples, however metabolism was observed in dermis and receptor fluid samples (0–14%) with formation of BPA-glucuronide and BPA-sulfate, and some polar metabolites. Study sponsor: REACHCENTRUM (on behalf of Bisphenol-A REACH Consortium), Brussels, Belgium. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1669 P10-003 Development and evaluation of a novel subject “Drug Addiction Prevention” in the Degree of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Spain 1 , C. Mateos-Vega 2 , M. Lobo-Bedmar 3 , M. ˜ A. Pena-Fernández ˜ 2,∗ González-Munoz 1
School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE19BH, UK 2 Unidad de Toxicología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Crta. Madrid-Barcelona Km, 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain 3 Departamento de Investigación Agroambiental, IMIDRA, Finca el Encín, Crta. Madrid-Barcelona Km, 38.2, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain Consumption of drugs of abuse has a dramatic impact on morbidity and mortality as well as produce significant social and health costs. Our young population is exposed to new substances every day such as the recent phenomenon of “legal highs”. Thus, a clear understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological effects