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Graph theory in modern engineering
Books and Publications Computer programs in environmental design Ix" Lee Enwronmental Design and Research Centre, 938 Park Square Buddzng, Boston, Masg 02116, USA (1974) $210 (5 volume set) This masswe publication is the result of Mr Lee's vast enthusiasm for p r o m o t i n g the use of the c o m p u t e r in design. He is the co-ordinator for the A R K - 2 c o m p u ter-aided design system in the architectural firm of Perry Dean and Stewart and the Director of the E n v i r o n m e n t a l Design and Research Centre The five, large volumes contain 452 abstracts of c o m p u t e r programs covering the following aspects of environmental design_ Feasibility study Architectural p r o g r a m m i n g Relational planning Site planning 2-D graphics 3-D graphics Cost control E n v i r o n m e n t a l control Circulation analysis T e x t manipulation ProJect control Office m a n a g e m e n t Evaluation The programs are arranged in alphabetical order b u t there is a k e y w o r d search based on these categories as well as indexes by author and title. An i n t r o d u c t i o n covers the developm e n t of the c o m p u t e r and the principles by which it works, and briefly descrlbes m e t h o d s o f ' i n p u t and languages and provides a necessary glossary. Most of the publication is, however, devoted to the abstracts and the several pages of o u t p u t used to Illustrate each program and to capture the reader's imagination. The abstracts are held on magnetic tape and printed from a, s o m e t i m e s faint, upper case, hne-prmter o u t p u t The intention is to revise the publication at intervals and the a u t h o r is pleased to receive details of programs not yet included As might be expected, the maJority of programs are A m e r i c a n although the UK is well-represented and there are examples f r o m Canada, Germany,
Volume 7
Number 2
Aprd 1975
Australia, Argentina, Switzerland, France, T u r k e y and Israel Many of the programs are academic and d e m o n strate the high level of research interest m a u t o m a t i c design, but the author's stated aim is to provide i n f o r m a t i o n and to help avoid the 're-invention of the wheel'_ This he will surely help to do if the b o o k ' s price allows it to be accessible to the m a n y people working m this field It will allow a research worker to gain an idea of related w o r k and make c o n t a c t with fellow researchers Others who might wish to use such a p u b h c a t l o n are practising planners and architects. Their additional need is to k n o w the rehabllity and readiness of a program_ The category 'Status' in each abstract gives some help on this p o i n t the author providing the date of completion or, in some cases, admitting that the program is d l s c o n n n u e d or still In the research phase One suspects, however, that there is still a vast variation in the usefulness of these programs and that is n o t entirely related to the subjects covered.
Taking a broader view and looking at the various indexes in existence, one is struck by the proliferation of programs ' C o m p u t e r Programs for the Building Industry 1974' has abstracts of some 750 programs, mostly Brttish m this case, and the degree of overlap with ' C o m p u t e r Programs in Environmental Design' is slight This Is because a rather different field is covered. Indexes operated by organizations such as the Design Office Consortium, the National C o m p u t i n g Centre, the Dep a r t m e n t of the E n v i r o n m e n t and various professional bodies and journals all specialize to some extent. The i m p o r t a n t m a t t e r is that these are wellorganized, clear a b o u t the subjects they cover and h o w their contents are gathered The plpedream of a world-wide collection of c o m p u t e r program details with an Indication of their quality is only slightly closer, but this valuable contribution to knowledge provides wellorgamzed coverage of American programs for architects and planners_ It is to be hoped that it will be readily available in libraries even If the cost deters the mdwldual buyer
R Howard Deszgn OJfzce Consortmm Cambridge, UK
Graph theory in modern engineering E J. Henley and R A Wilharns Acadermc Press, New York and London, 303 pp (1973) £7.50 The authors of this b o o k claim to demonstrate the versatility and p o w e r of signal-flow-graph t e c h m q u e s by applying them to static and d y n a m i c engineering problems in control, heat exchanger design, distillation c o l u m n design, and flowsheet and n e t w o r k analysis. The expectations aroused in the reader's mind by this attractive prospect are soon damped on examining the t e x t in detail It is certainly the case that feedback systems, heat exchanger systems, d~stlllatxon columns, linear and nonlinear programming and other areas of application are treated, but there is little obvious a t t e m p t to do this in terms of any new overall systematic m e t h o d o l o g y Much of the matehal in the relevant chapters consists of
the repetition of standard and widelyavailable material of little relevance to graph m e t h o d s as such. The worst example of this is Chapter 4 on f r e q u e n c y response analysis This results in some confusion and ~rritatlon, to say nothing of its probable effect on the size and expense of the book_ A similar criticism can be levelled at the t r e a t m e n t of hnear and n o n h n e a r programming problems where much of the t r e a t m e n t consists of material already widely available_ The only parts of the t e x t likely to be of interest to those speciahzing in graph m e t h o d s are Chapter 11 on branch and bound, search tree methods, and Chapter 12 on the analysis of process reliability There are 10 ap-
123
p e n d l c e s w h i c h , again, largely consist of the r e p e t i t i o n of s t a n d a r d m a t e r i a l Hope flickers again in t h e c o m p u t e r user's b r e a s t o n seeing t h a t a p p e n d i c e s I and J deal w i t h c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m s for t h e m a t e r i a l in C h a p t e r s 1 - 6 a n d C h a p t e r 7 respectively_ This IS shortlived, h o w e v e r , b e c a u s e these a p p e n dices are of only a few pages length, c o n t a i n n o detailed listings, a n d h t t l e detailed discussion of p r o g r a m structure or c o n t e n t This is justified b y the offer in the t e x t t h a t the a u t h o r s are p r e p a r e d to s u p p l y fully d o c u m e n ted p r o g r a m i n f o r m a t i o n o n r e q u e s t
One Is led irresistibly to w o n d e r w h y m o s t of t h e t e x t was n o t d e v o t e d to a full t r e a t m e n t a n d d e s c r i p t i o n of these p r o g r a m s instead of the masses of standard m a t e r i a l of w h i c h the b o o k is largely c o m p o s e d A t least in this way it m i g h t have h a d s o m e claim to the a t t e n t i o n of t h o s e i n t e r e s t e d in t h e role of graph t h e o r y In c o m p u t e r - a i d e d design
t G J_ ,~lacFarlane Univers,ty Eng, neemng Department, Cambrzdgc, UK
Programming techniques in computer-aided design Natmnal Computing Centre Ltd, Manchester, UK 316 pp (1974) £9 O0 T h e b o o k c o n t a i n s papers a n d discusslon material of t w o c o n f e r e n c e s organized b y t h e CAD Specialist G r o u p of the B r m s h C o m p u t e r S o c i e t y A claim Is m a d e in the first p a r t of th~s p u b h c a t a o n t h a t t h e c o n t e n t s are the recordings of a c o n f e r e n c e o n language processing A f t e r reading t h e first 95 pages t h e d i s a p p o i n t m e n t of t h e reviewer was a l m o s t c o m p l e t e E i t h e r the papers h a d b e e n c u r t a i l e d in order to fill a p r e d e t e r m i n e d n u m ber of pages or the CAD Specialist G r o u p consists of individuals t h a t are specialists in m a n y m o r e areas t h a n c a d alone. This was m o s t impressively displayed In t h e ( t o o ) s h o r t summarles o n languages a n d its processors like t h o s e of Proflledata, Genesys, A P T a n d A E D R e f e r e n c e s to user m a n u a l s and t h e like are very difficult to digest, especially w h e n t h e reader is o n l y interested in t h e basics of these languages T h e e x c e p t i o n in the first p a r t of the b o o k is to be f o u n d in C h a p t e r 2, in which the COMET system of computer p r o g r a m s Is d e s c r i b e d H o w e v e r this c h a p t e r misses t h e p o i n t t h e reader will m o s t likely look for, n a m e l y , a description o f h o w a language is being processed, and w h a t p r o g r a m m i n g t e c h n i q u e s are used to m a k e such a processing possible F o r t u n a t e l y , C h a p t e r 13 (did the e d i t o r arrange the c h a p t e r s in this o r d e r d e h b e r a t e l y ~ ) c o n t a i n e d a charmingly written and interesting h a n d f u l of pages on an i n t e r a c t i o n processor package This p e n u l t i m a t e c h a p t e r o n language processors i n t r o d u c e d the really m t e r e s t m g part of the b o o k T h e r e m a m d e r of it is c o m p l e t e l y d e v o t e d to the p r o c e e d i n g s of a n o t h e r c o n f e r e n c e of this CAD Specialist G r o u p , o n datastructures, in w h i c h b o t h p a p e r s and
124
discussions are of a good quality N o t all t h e material IS In the p r o v i n c e o f c a d , b u t a lot of i n t e r e s t i n g inform a t i o n is available for a n y s y s t e m - p r o g r a m m e r or system-designer w h o finds himself c o n f r o n t e d w i t h d a t a - s t r u c t u ring t e c h n i q u e s A n I n t r o d u c t i o n to such t e c h n i q u e s is described in C h a p t e r 16 and e l a b o r a t e s t h e possibilities of using (virtual) p o i n t e r s in F o r t r a n to construct appropriate data-structures in this language A n y F o r t r a n p r o g r a m m e r will u n d o u b t e d l y find this c h a p t e r very valuable in t h a t it deals with t h e m a n , p u l a n o n o f data as If one h a d c o m p l e t e c o n t r o l over free storage a n d high level language r e d i r e c t addressing. T h e tone set in this c h a p t e r IS very h k e l y to e n c o u r a g e a n y reader to e x p l o r e the r e m a i n i n g c h a p t e r s A f t e r a s h o r t b u t clear expos~ on s o m e basic fnnd a m e n t a l s of d a t a - s t r u c t u r e s a n u m b e r of e x a m p l e s are given_ T h e first e x a m p l e deals with t h e c o n c e p t of using a ring o r i e n t e d datas t r u c t u r e for t h e l a y o u t of i n t e g r a t e d circuits, especially MOST circuits_ This is f o l l o w e d b y a c o n t r i b u t i o n o n the d a t a - s t r u c t u r e used in drawing electrical diagrams o n a v_d u T h e last ot this series of a p p l i c a t i o n e x a m p l e s deals w i t h a well-written e x a m p l e o f a graphical n c p r o c e s s o r T h e datas t r u c t u r e described in this last processor is simple b u t very s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d and easy to c a p t u r e Next, a concise survey of c u r r e n t l y available techniques in d a t a - s t r u c t u r e s ( n o t limited to just c a_d ) is p r e s e n t e d T h e reader is c o n f r o n t e d by a set of d a t a - s t r u c t u r e d e c l a r a t i o n s a n d m a n l p u l a n o n s in STDS, a h y p o t h e t i c a l STDS, POP-2, BCPL, Algol 68 a n d L* language These e x a m p l e s are a d d e d In the appendix, an a p p e n d i x t h a t also c o n t a i n s
a set of F o r t r a n s u b r o u t i n e s for h a n d ling a l l o c a t i o n in free storage Meanwhile, t h e reader has arrived at page 219 and b y t h e n the disapp o i n t m e n t of t h e first p a r t of the col lectlon of papers s h o u l d have v a m s h e d A survey o n file s t r u c t u r e s is f o l l o w e d by t w o examples, t h e first one on fthng all data relating to the des,gn and m a n u facture of any aircraft for t h e British A i r c r a f t C o r p o r a t i o n , and the s e c o n d on the filing s y s t e m of t h e G E O R G E ? o p e r a t i n g s y s t e m for the ICL 1900 series H a n d l i n g a very large a m o u n t of d a t a IS described in the last three c h a p t e r s of the book_ These c h a p t e r s cover t h e use of s e c o n d a r y storage, s e g m e n t a t i o n of data, paging ~ystelns and virtual m e m o r y , e x p e r i m e n t s ()11 the wastage of storage, the h n k m g or data, and successful and efficient rctrleval of I n f o r m a t i o n t h a t is s t o r e d m large quantltmS as is t h e case in an air flight r e s e r v a t i o n s y s t e m T h e p a r t o n d a t a - s t r u c t u r e s is d e h m t e l y w o r t h t h e price of this p u b h c a tion a l t h o u g h the reader m u s t have suf t l c m n t k n o w l e d g e ot d a t a - s t r u c t u r i n g techniques S o m e errors do o c c u r tn the various e x a m p l e s used to illustrate t h e techtuques e m p l o y e d b u t t h e y are obviou~ and can b e d e t e c t e d easily Wath resp e c t to t h e discussions, It has to be m e n t i o n e d t h a t t h e e d i t o r did a solid j o b while t h e l a y o u t of t e x t a n d figures m a k e s reading this b o o k an easy exercise
J Vhetstra N V Phffzps Gloetlampenfabneken Emdboven Holland
Electronic Display and data systems (constructional
practice) C J Rzcbards (edztor), McGraw-llffl Ma2denhead, UK 459 pp (1973) £9 O0 T h e b o o k deals w i t h c o n s t r u c t i o n a l prayrice for e l e c t r o n i c systems It is written for electronic, m e c h a n i c a l and installation engineers engaged in the design a n d d e v e l o p m e n t of c o m p l e x systems for radar and c o m m u n i c a t i o n s The e l e c t r o n i c e n g m e e r will find it r a t h e r t a m e a l t h o u g h there are some useful r e f e r e n c e sections a n d t h e environm e n t a l and m e c h a n i c a l h a n d l i n g aspects m a y be new to h i m T h e reader of a b o o k e n t i t l e d d e c t r o m c display systems w o u l d be justiffed in e x p e c t i n g some d e s c r i p t i o n ol t h e extensive activity in c o m p u t e r
COMPUTER AIDED DI~SIGN
Volume 7
Number 2
Aprd 1975
Australia, Argentina, Switzerland, France, T u r k e y and Israel Many of the programs are academic and d e m o n strate the high level of research interest m a u t o m a t i c design, but the author's stated aim is to provide i n f o r m a t i o n and to help avoid the 're-invention of the wheel'_ This he will surely help to do if the b o o k ' s price allows it to be accessible to the m a n y people working m this field It will allow a research worker to gain an idea of related w o r k and make c o n t a c t with fellow researchers Others who might wish to use such a p u b h c a t l o n are practising planners and architects. Their additional need is to k n o w the rehabllity and readiness of a program_ The category 'Status' in each abstract gives some help on this p o i n t the author providing the date of completion or, in some cases, admitting that the program is d l s c o n n n u e d or still In the research phase One suspects, however, that there is still a vast variation in the usefulness of these programs and that is n o t entirely related to the subjects covered.
Taking a broader view and looking at the various indexes in existence, one is struck by the proliferation of programs ' C o m p u t e r Programs for the Building Industry 1974' has abstracts of some 750 programs, mostly Brttish m this case, and the degree of overlap with ' C o m p u t e r Programs in Environmental Design' is slight This Is because a rather different field is covered. Indexes operated by organizations such as the Design Office Consortium, the National C o m p u t i n g Centre, the Dep a r t m e n t of the E n v i r o n m e n t and various professional bodies and journals all specialize to some extent. The i m p o r t a n t m a t t e r is that these are wellorganized, clear a b o u t the subjects they cover and h o w their contents are gathered The plpedream of a world-wide collection of c o m p u t e r program details with an Indication of their quality is only slightly closer, but this valuable contribution to knowledge provides wellorgamzed coverage of American programs for architects and planners_ It is to be hoped that it will be readily available in libraries even If the cost deters the mdwldual buyer
R Howard Deszgn OJfzce Consortmm Cambridge, UK
Graph theory in modern engineering E J. Henley and R A Wilharns Acadermc Press, New York and London, 303 pp (1973) £7.50 The authors of this b o o k claim to demonstrate the versatility and p o w e r of signal-flow-graph t e c h m q u e s by applying them to static and d y n a m i c engineering problems in control, heat exchanger design, distillation c o l u m n design, and flowsheet and n e t w o r k analysis. The expectations aroused in the reader's mind by this attractive prospect are soon damped on examining the t e x t in detail It is certainly the case that feedback systems, heat exchanger systems, d~stlllatxon columns, linear and nonlinear programming and other areas of application are treated, but there is little obvious a t t e m p t to do this in terms of any new overall systematic m e t h o d o l o g y Much of the matehal in the relevant chapters consists of
the repetition of standard and widelyavailable material of little relevance to graph m e t h o d s as such. The worst example of this is Chapter 4 on f r e q u e n c y response analysis This results in some confusion and ~rritatlon, to say nothing of its probable effect on the size and expense of the book_ A similar criticism can be levelled at the t r e a t m e n t of hnear and n o n h n e a r programming problems where much of the t r e a t m e n t consists of material already widely available_ The only parts of the t e x t likely to be of interest to those speciahzing in graph m e t h o d s are Chapter 11 on branch and bound, search tree methods, and Chapter 12 on the analysis of process reliability There are 10 ap-
123
p e n d l c e s w h i c h , again, largely consist of the r e p e t i t i o n of s t a n d a r d m a t e r i a l Hope flickers again in t h e c o m p u t e r user's b r e a s t o n seeing t h a t a p p e n d i c e s I and J deal w i t h c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m s for t h e m a t e r i a l in C h a p t e r s 1 - 6 a n d C h a p t e r 7 respectively_ This IS shortlived, h o w e v e r , b e c a u s e these a p p e n dices are of only a few pages length, c o n t a i n n o detailed listings, a n d h t t l e detailed discussion of p r o g r a m structure or c o n t e n t This is justified b y the offer in the t e x t t h a t the a u t h o r s are p r e p a r e d to s u p p l y fully d o c u m e n ted p r o g r a m i n f o r m a t i o n o n r e q u e s t
One Is led irresistibly to w o n d e r w h y m o s t of t h e t e x t was n o t d e v o t e d to a full t r e a t m e n t a n d d e s c r i p t i o n of these p r o g r a m s instead of the masses of standard m a t e r i a l of w h i c h the b o o k is largely c o m p o s e d A t least in this way it m i g h t have h a d s o m e claim to the a t t e n t i o n of t h o s e i n t e r e s t e d in t h e role of graph t h e o r y In c o m p u t e r - a i d e d design
t G J_ ,~lacFarlane Univers,ty Eng, neemng Department, Cambrzdgc, UK
Programming techniques in computer-aided design Natmnal Computing Centre Ltd, Manchester, UK 316 pp (1974) £9 O0 T h e b o o k c o n t a i n s papers a n d discusslon material of t w o c o n f e r e n c e s organized b y t h e CAD Specialist G r o u p of the B r m s h C o m p u t e r S o c i e t y A claim Is m a d e in the first p a r t of th~s p u b h c a t a o n t h a t t h e c o n t e n t s are the recordings of a c o n f e r e n c e o n language processing A f t e r reading t h e first 95 pages t h e d i s a p p o i n t m e n t of t h e reviewer was a l m o s t c o m p l e t e E i t h e r the papers h a d b e e n c u r t a i l e d in order to fill a p r e d e t e r m i n e d n u m ber of pages or the CAD Specialist G r o u p consists of individuals t h a t are specialists in m a n y m o r e areas t h a n c a d alone. This was m o s t impressively displayed In t h e ( t o o ) s h o r t summarles o n languages a n d its processors like t h o s e of Proflledata, Genesys, A P T a n d A E D R e f e r e n c e s to user m a n u a l s and t h e like are very difficult to digest, especially w h e n t h e reader is o n l y interested in t h e basics of these languages T h e e x c e p t i o n in the first p a r t of the b o o k is to be f o u n d in C h a p t e r 2, in which the COMET system of computer p r o g r a m s Is d e s c r i b e d H o w e v e r this c h a p t e r misses t h e p o i n t t h e reader will m o s t likely look for, n a m e l y , a description o f h o w a language is being processed, and w h a t p r o g r a m m i n g t e c h n i q u e s are used to m a k e such a processing possible F o r t u n a t e l y , C h a p t e r 13 (did the e d i t o r arrange the c h a p t e r s in this o r d e r d e h b e r a t e l y ~ ) c o n t a i n e d a charmingly written and interesting h a n d f u l of pages on an i n t e r a c t i o n processor package This p e n u l t i m a t e c h a p t e r o n language processors i n t r o d u c e d the really m t e r e s t m g part of the b o o k T h e r e m a m d e r of it is c o m p l e t e l y d e v o t e d to the p r o c e e d i n g s of a n o t h e r c o n f e r e n c e of this CAD Specialist G r o u p , o n datastructures, in w h i c h b o t h p a p e r s and
124
discussions are of a good quality N o t all t h e material IS In the p r o v i n c e o f c a d , b u t a lot of i n t e r e s t i n g inform a t i o n is available for a n y s y s t e m - p r o g r a m m e r or system-designer w h o finds himself c o n f r o n t e d w i t h d a t a - s t r u c t u ring t e c h n i q u e s A n I n t r o d u c t i o n to such t e c h n i q u e s is described in C h a p t e r 16 and e l a b o r a t e s t h e possibilities of using (virtual) p o i n t e r s in F o r t r a n to construct appropriate data-structures in this language A n y F o r t r a n p r o g r a m m e r will u n d o u b t e d l y find this c h a p t e r very valuable in t h a t it deals with t h e m a n , p u l a n o n o f data as If one h a d c o m p l e t e c o n t r o l over free storage a n d high level language r e d i r e c t addressing. T h e tone set in this c h a p t e r IS very h k e l y to e n c o u r a g e a n y reader to e x p l o r e the r e m a i n i n g c h a p t e r s A f t e r a s h o r t b u t clear expos~ on s o m e basic fnnd a m e n t a l s of d a t a - s t r u c t u r e s a n u m b e r of e x a m p l e s are given_ T h e first e x a m p l e deals with t h e c o n c e p t of using a ring o r i e n t e d datas t r u c t u r e for t h e l a y o u t of i n t e g r a t e d circuits, especially MOST circuits_ This is f o l l o w e d b y a c o n t r i b u t i o n o n the d a t a - s t r u c t u r e used in drawing electrical diagrams o n a v_d u T h e last ot this series of a p p l i c a t i o n e x a m p l e s deals w i t h a well-written e x a m p l e o f a graphical n c p r o c e s s o r T h e datas t r u c t u r e described in this last processor is simple b u t very s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d and easy to c a p t u r e Next, a concise survey of c u r r e n t l y available techniques in d a t a - s t r u c t u r e s ( n o t limited to just c a_d ) is p r e s e n t e d T h e reader is c o n f r o n t e d by a set of d a t a - s t r u c t u r e d e c l a r a t i o n s a n d m a n l p u l a n o n s in STDS, a h y p o t h e t i c a l STDS, POP-2, BCPL, Algol 68 a n d L* language These e x a m p l e s are a d d e d In the appendix, an a p p e n d i x t h a t also c o n t a i n s
a set of F o r t r a n s u b r o u t i n e s for h a n d ling a l l o c a t i o n in free storage Meanwhile, t h e reader has arrived at page 219 and b y t h e n the disapp o i n t m e n t of t h e first p a r t of the col lectlon of papers s h o u l d have v a m s h e d A survey o n file s t r u c t u r e s is f o l l o w e d by t w o examples, t h e first one on fthng all data relating to the des,gn and m a n u facture of any aircraft for t h e British A i r c r a f t C o r p o r a t i o n , and the s e c o n d on the filing s y s t e m of t h e G E O R G E ? o p e r a t i n g s y s t e m for the ICL 1900 series H a n d l i n g a very large a m o u n t of d a t a IS described in the last three c h a p t e r s of the book_ These c h a p t e r s cover t h e use of s e c o n d a r y storage, s e g m e n t a t i o n of data, paging ~ystelns and virtual m e m o r y , e x p e r i m e n t s ()11 the wastage of storage, the h n k m g or data, and successful and efficient rctrleval of I n f o r m a t i o n t h a t is s t o r e d m large quantltmS as is t h e case in an air flight r e s e r v a t i o n s y s t e m T h e p a r t o n d a t a - s t r u c t u r e s is d e h m t e l y w o r t h t h e price of this p u b h c a tion a l t h o u g h the reader m u s t have suf t l c m n t k n o w l e d g e ot d a t a - s t r u c t u r i n g techniques S o m e errors do o c c u r tn the various e x a m p l e s used to illustrate t h e techtuques e m p l o y e d b u t t h e y are obviou~ and can b e d e t e c t e d easily Wath resp e c t to t h e discussions, It has to be m e n t i o n e d t h a t t h e e d i t o r did a solid j o b while t h e l a y o u t of t e x t a n d figures m a k e s reading this b o o k an easy exercise
J Vhetstra N V Phffzps Gloetlampenfabneken Emdboven Holland
Electronic Display and data systems (constructional
practice) C J Rzcbards (edztor), McGraw-llffl Ma2denhead, UK 459 pp (1973) £9 O0 T h e b o o k deals w i t h c o n s t r u c t i o n a l prayrice for e l e c t r o n i c systems It is written for electronic, m e c h a n i c a l and installation engineers engaged in the design a n d d e v e l o p m e n t of c o m p l e x systems for radar and c o m m u n i c a t i o n s The e l e c t r o n i c e n g m e e r will find it r a t h e r t a m e a l t h o u g h there are some useful r e f e r e n c e sections a n d t h e environm e n t a l and m e c h a n i c a l h a n d l i n g aspects m a y be new to h i m T h e reader of a b o o k e n t i t l e d d e c t r o m c display systems w o u l d be justiffed in e x p e c t i n g some d e s c r i p t i o n ol t h e extensive activity in c o m p u t e r
COMPUTER AIDED DI~SIGN