- Email: [email protected]
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Givotia moluccana leaf extract and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity
Accepted Manuscript Green synthesis of Silver nanoparticles using Givotia moluccana leaf extract and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity Siva Sankar Sana, Lakshman Kumar Dogiparthi PII: DOI: Reference:
S0167-577X(18)30758-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2018.05.009 MLBLUE 24309
To appear in:
Materials Letters
Received Date: Revised Date: Accepted Date:
12 September 2017 27 March 2018 1 May 2018
Please cite this article as: S.S. Sana, L.K. Dogiparthi, Green synthesis of Silver nanoparticles using Givotia moluccana leaf extract and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity, Materials Letters (2018), doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.matlet.2018.05.009
This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Green synthesis of Silver nanoparticles using Givotia moluccana leaf extract and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity Siva Sankar Sanaa* , Lakshman Kumar Dogiparthib a
Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea.
b
Department of Pharmacognosy, PRRM College of Pharmacy, Kadapa, A.P, India.
*Corresponding author: [email protected], mobile: +91-8099734612. ABSTRACT Present study reported a simple and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized via rapid bio-reduction method. An aqueous extract of Givotia moluccana (G.moluccana) plant was serving as reducing and stabilizing agent. An aqueous extract was found to comprise significantly high amounts of secondary metabolites like phenolics, flavonoids, proteins and reducing sugarsetc., which are responsible for reducing and capping agents. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, FESEM and HRTEM with SAED pattern. Particle size distribution was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Further, thermal analysis of nanoparticles were studied using TGA. Synthesized AgNPs exhibited antimicrobial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Key Words: Biomaterials, Nanoparticles, Silver, Givotia moluccana,Antimicrobial activity. 1. Introduction Plant extract mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles is a rapid, economicaland flexible method,which is suitable for large scale production. In recent years, synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been attracted considerable significant attention by many researchers, due to their remarkable applications in various fields such as batteries [1], catalysts [2] and cancer therapy etc., [3]. Particularly, AgNPs are essential for potential applications in bio-medical, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-viral field. AgNPs inhibit the cell division resulting in damage to cell envelope and cellular contents of the organism [4]. Preparation of AgNPs can be done through variousmethods which includethermal decomposition [5], laser ablation [6], electrochemical [7] and chemical reduction etc., [8]. Most of these methods are costlier and also involve the use of toxic chemicals which lead to environmental and biological risks andrequiredhigh energy during the synthesis process.Synthesis of nanoparticles through employing the bio-resources like plant materials, microorganisms proves to be very possible, cost-effective and eco-friendly alternate. Synthesis of AgNPs have also been reported by using extracts of plants such as Euphorbia helioscopia
Linn [9], Terminaliachebula [10], Ziziphusjujuba [11], Grewia flaviscences[12], Syzygiumcuminifruit [13] and Abutilon indicum [14]. G. moluccana (White camaran tree) belongs to the family Euphorbiaceous. Leaves and roots possess medicinal activity [15]. Part of the plant and it uses are;Bark-Rheumatism, Fruit-skin diseases, Seeddandruff, and Psoriasis. In the present study, green synthesis of AgNPs were characterized and also evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against both gram positive and negative bacteria. 2. Materials and methods The young leaves of G. moluccana were collected during flowering season from S. V. University, Tirupathi, India. 10 gm of dried leaf powder was added to 100 mL of distilled water and boiled at 70oC for 30 min. The extract solution was filtered with Whatman No. 1 filter paper. Collected extract was stored at -20 oC till use. At different pH (pH = 4, 6, 7, 9 and 11) values the effect of AgNPs colloidal suspension were studied. Concentration of silver nitrate (AgNO3) (Himedia) solution, varied from 1-5mM and also 0.0001M or 0.1mM to 0.01M or 0.10mM were studied. Various amounts of leaf extract (1, 2 and 3mL) added to 1mM AgNO3. The UV-Visible absorbance of the resulting colloidal solutions was measured spectrophotometrically. 3. Characterization AgNPs Bio-reduction of AgNPs was observed visually and by using UV–visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) (SHIMADZU MODELUV1800, Japan) in the range of 300-600nm. Phyotchemicals which are involved in the formation of AgNPs were analyzed using Fourier transform Infra red (FTIR) (Perkin- Elmer, Two) spectrometer with the resolution of 2 cm-1 in the range from 4000 to 400 cm-1by KBr pellet method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study was carried out with RIGAKU, SMARTLAB at 30 kV and 100 mA. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis was done on SUPRATM55 with co-relatively microscope SEM machine. The particle size and morphology of AgNPs were taken using a JEOL 3010 at 20 kV microscopy (High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM with SAED). Particle size distribution of AgNPs was carried out by DLS with polydispersity index less than one (PDI :0.592), Malvern, UK. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out on TGA instrument (Mettler Toledo). Antimicrobial activity: Antimicrobial activity testing was carried out by disc diffusion method [16]. AgNPs were screened for their antibacterial activities against three gram negative bacteria E.coli, P. vulgaris, K. pneumonia and gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). A set of three concentrations (10, 20, and 30 μL) of AgNPs colloidal
solution in disc were prepared and used in study. At four corners of the petriplates, three different concentrations of the AgNPs in respected discs were placed over the lawn of bacterial culture along with drug 1% streptomycin (s) 30 μL. Plates ware incubated at 37°C for overnight. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) around the discs were measured after 24 hr and results were expressed as ZOI in mm and displayed in table 1 and images were placed in Fig .3(d). 3. Results and discussion Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) of AgNPs at 435 nm due to reduction of pure Ag + ions was monitored by UV-Vis spectra of the solution after diluting a small aliquot of the sample in distilled water [11]. The color of AgNPs colloidal solution was turned from colorless to dark brown after addition of extract into the silver salt solution. SPR intensity of AgNPs increases with time and saturates within 5hr as shown in Fig .1(a). At acidic pH 4 to 6, peak red shift was observed due to increase in particle size. In basic condition at pH 8 and 11, bands were narrow and display blue shift due to decrease in particle size [10]. At neutral, basic medium the formation of AgNPs occurs rapidly due to the ionization of the phenolic groups present in the leaf extract as is shown in Fig.1 (b) [11]. At 0.0001 M or 0.1mM AgNO3, wide band occurred at 425 nm that is a characteristic band of AgNPs with large size. At 0.001 M or 1mM AgNO3, the SPR narrow band at 435 nm indicates smaller size of AgNPs. For 0.01 M or 0.10 mM AgNO3, wider SPR band obtained at 446 nm which is red shift and that indicates thelarge size distribution of AgNPs Fig.1(d). From the above results, it was clear that the optimum concentration of AgNO3 for the synthesized AgNPs was found to be 1mM AgNO3. The obtained result was well-coincided with previous report result, which is presented in Fig.1(c) [11]. As the quantity of leaf extract increases, the intensity band of the AgNPs also increases with blue shift wave length as shown in Fig. 2(a) [11]. In Fig.2(b) bands at 3423cm-1 and 2929 cm-1correspond to hydroxyl (-OH) group of polyphenols and methylene stretching vibration [14]. Bands at 1615 cm-1 1384 cm-1 and 1079 cm-1are due to amide proteins, aromatic and aliphatic amines, respectively [14]. Water soluble Plant metabolites like polyphenols, flavonoids, quinones and organic acids were possibly responsible for the bio-reduction of silver ions into AgNPs [10]. But the exact mechanism in this bio-reduction is not yet known [14]. The 2θ values at 37.78, 44.09, 64.21 and 77.13o positions in the XRD pattern corresponding to the (111), (200), (220) and (311) planes of the face centered cubic (fcc) structure of silver (Fig.2 (c)), which confirmed the crystalline nature of synthesized AgNPs [12]. FESEM and HRTEM were confirmed the size and shape of the synthesized AgNPs shown in Fig. 2(d). From the Fig. 3(a), AgNPs were largely uniform with a narrow-size distribution at about 30nm. SAED pattern displayed in the inset of TEM image confirms the crystallinity of AgNPs. Particle size distribution result was
displayed in Fig.3 (b). However majority of particles are distributed in the range of 30-40 nm. The first weight loss at 100oC was due to the loss of water shown in Fig.3(c). The remaining weight loss was observed due to surface desorption of bioorganic compounds. At above 900 oC phase transition was seen which was also close to the melting point of silver [17]. Antimicrobial activity: Synthesized AgNPs tested against bacteria also revealed effective suppressive activity. It can be assumed that the surface area to volume ratio of nanoparticles is playing a vital role in furnishing antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. The mechanism involved in the antibacterial nature of the AgNPs is mainly due to the alteration of membrane permeability, respiration and modification of intracellular ATP levels, uncontrolled cellular transport, loss of ATP synthesis and DNA replication ability [12]. Silver have soft acidic nature and which acts upon the sulphur and phosphorus bases of DNA and inactivates its replication thus disabling the nuclear machinery of the cell [4, 5]. On the whole effect comes out due to interaction between the silver ions with that of ribosome and suppression or expression ofdifferent enzymes and proteins taking part essential roles in cell maintenance and metabolism. 4. Conclusion In the present study, we report were bio-reduction of silver ions into AgNPs with extract of G. Moluccana by simple, rapid, efficient and eco-friendly approach. This method is also useful for large scale production of nanoparticles and could result in economic viability, as well as being eco-friendly for cancer treatment, drug delivery, sensors and commercial appliances and other medical and electronic applications. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, FESEM, HRTEM with SAED, DLS and TGA. The green synthesized AgNPs exhibited good anti microbial activity against both gram positive and negative bacteria. References [1]
Yang B, Yang Z, Wang R, Feng Z. J Mater Chem A 2014; 2:785–791.
[2]
Bastus NG, Merkoci F, Piella J, Puntes V. Chem Mater 2014; 26: 2836–2846.
[3]
Boca SC, Potara M, Ana-Maria G, Juhem A, Baldeck PL, Astilean S. Cancer Lett 2011; 311: 131–140.
[4]
Sondi I, Salopek-Sondi B. J Colloid Interf Sci 2004; 275: 177–182.
[5]
Navaladian S, Viswanathan B , Viswanath RP, Varadarajan TK. Nano scale Res Lett 2007; 2:44–48.
[6]
Mafune F, Kohno J, Takeda Y, Kondow T, Sawabe H. J Phys Chem B 2000; 104: 8333–8337.
[7]
Khaydarov RA, Khaydarov RR, Gapurova O, Estrin Y, Scheper T. J Nanopart Res 2009; 11:1193–1200.
[8]
Wang H, Qiao X, Chena J, Ding S. Colloids Surf A 2005; 256:111–115.
[9]
Nasrollahzadeh M, Sajadi SM, Babaei F, Maham M. J Colloid Interf Sci2015; 450:374–380.
[10] Jebakumar T, Immanuel E, Sethuraman MG. Process Biochem 2012; 47: 1351–1357. [11] Gavadea NL, Kadama AN, Suwarnkara MB, Ghodakeb VP, Garadkar KM. Spectrochim Acta A 2015; 136: 953–60 . [12] Sana SS, Badineni VR, Arla SK, Boya VKN. Mater Lett 2015; 145:347–350. [13] Mittal K, Bhaumik J, Kumar S, Banerjee UC. J Colloid Interf Sci 2014; 415: 39–47. [14] Ashok KS, Ravi S, Kathiravan V, Velmurugan S. Spectro chim Acta A 2015; 134:34–39. [15] Sateesh BD, Yanadaiah JP, Lakshmank D, Siva Sankar PK, Siva SS. JGTPS 2014; 5(3):1864–1868. [16] Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sherris JC, Turck M. Ame J Clin Pathol 1966; 36: 493– 6. [17] Morones JR, Elechiguerra JL, Camacho A, Holt K, Kouri JB, Ramirez JT, Yacaman M. J Nanotech. 2005; 16: 2346–2353. Table and figure captions Table.1. Results of antimicrobial activity. Fig. 1 UV-visible spectroscopy of silver nanoparticles, (a) Effect of time (b) Effect of pH (c) Effect of different concentrations of AgNO3 and (d) Effect of different molar concentrations of AgNO3 synthesized AgNPs from G. mulaccana leaf extract. Fig.2.(a) UV- visible absorption spectra of effect of leaf extract, (b) FTIR spectrum of synthesized AgNPs, (c) XRD pattern of AgNPs and (d) FESEM AgNPs. Fig.3.(a). HRTEM with SAED pattern, (b) particle size distribution of synthesized AgNPs, (c) TGA analysis of synthesized AgNPs using G. mulaccana leaf extract and (d) antimicrobial resuts of AgNPs.
Fig.(1).
Fig.(2).
Fig.(3).
S. No.
Tested pathogen
Zone of inhibition (ZOI) (mm) Volume of AgNPs suspension
Streptomycin
10µL
20 µL
30 µL
30µL
E.coli
9 ± 0.22
12±0.03
14±0.98
16 ± 1.67
2
P. vulgaris
8±1.22
13±1.02
15±1.06
18 ± 1.43
3
K. pneumoniae
10 ± 0.38
14 ± 0.54
16 ± 0.45
20 ± 1.2
4
S. aureus
11 ± 0.29
14 ± 0.42
16 ± 0.32
21 ± 0.91
1
Table .1
Highlights
Silver nanoparticles were prepared successfully using Givotia moluccana leaf extract. This method was rapid, simple and eco-friendly in nature. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized for their size and morphology and with average size of 55 nm. Silver nanoparticles showed good inhibition of both gram positive and negative bacteria.
S0167-577X(18)30758-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2018.05.009 MLBLUE 24309
To appear in:
Materials Letters
Received Date: Revised Date: Accepted Date:
12 September 2017 27 March 2018 1 May 2018
Please cite this article as: S.S. Sana, L.K. Dogiparthi, Green synthesis of Silver nanoparticles using Givotia moluccana leaf extract and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity, Materials Letters (2018), doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.matlet.2018.05.009
This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Green synthesis of Silver nanoparticles using Givotia moluccana leaf extract and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity Siva Sankar Sanaa* , Lakshman Kumar Dogiparthib a
Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea.
b
Department of Pharmacognosy, PRRM College of Pharmacy, Kadapa, A.P, India.
*Corresponding author: [email protected], mobile: +91-8099734612. ABSTRACT Present study reported a simple and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized via rapid bio-reduction method. An aqueous extract of Givotia moluccana (G.moluccana) plant was serving as reducing and stabilizing agent. An aqueous extract was found to comprise significantly high amounts of secondary metabolites like phenolics, flavonoids, proteins and reducing sugarsetc., which are responsible for reducing and capping agents. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, FESEM and HRTEM with SAED pattern. Particle size distribution was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Further, thermal analysis of nanoparticles were studied using TGA. Synthesized AgNPs exhibited antimicrobial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Key Words: Biomaterials, Nanoparticles, Silver, Givotia moluccana,Antimicrobial activity. 1. Introduction Plant extract mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles is a rapid, economicaland flexible method,which is suitable for large scale production. In recent years, synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been attracted considerable significant attention by many researchers, due to their remarkable applications in various fields such as batteries [1], catalysts [2] and cancer therapy etc., [3]. Particularly, AgNPs are essential for potential applications in bio-medical, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-viral field. AgNPs inhibit the cell division resulting in damage to cell envelope and cellular contents of the organism [4]. Preparation of AgNPs can be done through variousmethods which includethermal decomposition [5], laser ablation [6], electrochemical [7] and chemical reduction etc., [8]. Most of these methods are costlier and also involve the use of toxic chemicals which lead to environmental and biological risks andrequiredhigh energy during the synthesis process.Synthesis of nanoparticles through employing the bio-resources like plant materials, microorganisms proves to be very possible, cost-effective and eco-friendly alternate. Synthesis of AgNPs have also been reported by using extracts of plants such as Euphorbia helioscopia
Linn [9], Terminaliachebula [10], Ziziphusjujuba [11], Grewia flaviscences[12], Syzygiumcuminifruit [13] and Abutilon indicum [14]. G. moluccana (White camaran tree) belongs to the family Euphorbiaceous. Leaves and roots possess medicinal activity [15]. Part of the plant and it uses are;Bark-Rheumatism, Fruit-skin diseases, Seeddandruff, and Psoriasis. In the present study, green synthesis of AgNPs were characterized and also evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against both gram positive and negative bacteria. 2. Materials and methods The young leaves of G. moluccana were collected during flowering season from S. V. University, Tirupathi, India. 10 gm of dried leaf powder was added to 100 mL of distilled water and boiled at 70oC for 30 min. The extract solution was filtered with Whatman No. 1 filter paper. Collected extract was stored at -20 oC till use. At different pH (pH = 4, 6, 7, 9 and 11) values the effect of AgNPs colloidal suspension were studied. Concentration of silver nitrate (AgNO3) (Himedia) solution, varied from 1-5mM and also 0.0001M or 0.1mM to 0.01M or 0.10mM were studied. Various amounts of leaf extract (1, 2 and 3mL) added to 1mM AgNO3. The UV-Visible absorbance of the resulting colloidal solutions was measured spectrophotometrically. 3. Characterization AgNPs Bio-reduction of AgNPs was observed visually and by using UV–visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) (SHIMADZU MODELUV1800, Japan) in the range of 300-600nm. Phyotchemicals which are involved in the formation of AgNPs were analyzed using Fourier transform Infra red (FTIR) (Perkin- Elmer, Two) spectrometer with the resolution of 2 cm-1 in the range from 4000 to 400 cm-1by KBr pellet method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study was carried out with RIGAKU, SMARTLAB at 30 kV and 100 mA. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis was done on SUPRATM55 with co-relatively microscope SEM machine. The particle size and morphology of AgNPs were taken using a JEOL 3010 at 20 kV microscopy (High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM with SAED). Particle size distribution of AgNPs was carried out by DLS with polydispersity index less than one (PDI :0.592), Malvern, UK. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out on TGA instrument (Mettler Toledo). Antimicrobial activity: Antimicrobial activity testing was carried out by disc diffusion method [16]. AgNPs were screened for their antibacterial activities against three gram negative bacteria E.coli, P. vulgaris, K. pneumonia and gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). A set of three concentrations (10, 20, and 30 μL) of AgNPs colloidal
solution in disc were prepared and used in study. At four corners of the petriplates, three different concentrations of the AgNPs in respected discs were placed over the lawn of bacterial culture along with drug 1% streptomycin (s) 30 μL. Plates ware incubated at 37°C for overnight. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) around the discs were measured after 24 hr and results were expressed as ZOI in mm and displayed in table 1 and images were placed in Fig .3(d). 3. Results and discussion Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) of AgNPs at 435 nm due to reduction of pure Ag + ions was monitored by UV-Vis spectra of the solution after diluting a small aliquot of the sample in distilled water [11]. The color of AgNPs colloidal solution was turned from colorless to dark brown after addition of extract into the silver salt solution. SPR intensity of AgNPs increases with time and saturates within 5hr as shown in Fig .1(a). At acidic pH 4 to 6, peak red shift was observed due to increase in particle size. In basic condition at pH 8 and 11, bands were narrow and display blue shift due to decrease in particle size [10]. At neutral, basic medium the formation of AgNPs occurs rapidly due to the ionization of the phenolic groups present in the leaf extract as is shown in Fig.1 (b) [11]. At 0.0001 M or 0.1mM AgNO3, wide band occurred at 425 nm that is a characteristic band of AgNPs with large size. At 0.001 M or 1mM AgNO3, the SPR narrow band at 435 nm indicates smaller size of AgNPs. For 0.01 M or 0.10 mM AgNO3, wider SPR band obtained at 446 nm which is red shift and that indicates thelarge size distribution of AgNPs Fig.1(d). From the above results, it was clear that the optimum concentration of AgNO3 for the synthesized AgNPs was found to be 1mM AgNO3. The obtained result was well-coincided with previous report result, which is presented in Fig.1(c) [11]. As the quantity of leaf extract increases, the intensity band of the AgNPs also increases with blue shift wave length as shown in Fig. 2(a) [11]. In Fig.2(b) bands at 3423cm-1 and 2929 cm-1correspond to hydroxyl (-OH) group of polyphenols and methylene stretching vibration [14]. Bands at 1615 cm-1 1384 cm-1 and 1079 cm-1are due to amide proteins, aromatic and aliphatic amines, respectively [14]. Water soluble Plant metabolites like polyphenols, flavonoids, quinones and organic acids were possibly responsible for the bio-reduction of silver ions into AgNPs [10]. But the exact mechanism in this bio-reduction is not yet known [14]. The 2θ values at 37.78, 44.09, 64.21 and 77.13o positions in the XRD pattern corresponding to the (111), (200), (220) and (311) planes of the face centered cubic (fcc) structure of silver (Fig.2 (c)), which confirmed the crystalline nature of synthesized AgNPs [12]. FESEM and HRTEM were confirmed the size and shape of the synthesized AgNPs shown in Fig. 2(d). From the Fig. 3(a), AgNPs were largely uniform with a narrow-size distribution at about 30nm. SAED pattern displayed in the inset of TEM image confirms the crystallinity of AgNPs. Particle size distribution result was
displayed in Fig.3 (b). However majority of particles are distributed in the range of 30-40 nm. The first weight loss at 100oC was due to the loss of water shown in Fig.3(c). The remaining weight loss was observed due to surface desorption of bioorganic compounds. At above 900 oC phase transition was seen which was also close to the melting point of silver [17]. Antimicrobial activity: Synthesized AgNPs tested against bacteria also revealed effective suppressive activity. It can be assumed that the surface area to volume ratio of nanoparticles is playing a vital role in furnishing antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. The mechanism involved in the antibacterial nature of the AgNPs is mainly due to the alteration of membrane permeability, respiration and modification of intracellular ATP levels, uncontrolled cellular transport, loss of ATP synthesis and DNA replication ability [12]. Silver have soft acidic nature and which acts upon the sulphur and phosphorus bases of DNA and inactivates its replication thus disabling the nuclear machinery of the cell [4, 5]. On the whole effect comes out due to interaction between the silver ions with that of ribosome and suppression or expression ofdifferent enzymes and proteins taking part essential roles in cell maintenance and metabolism. 4. Conclusion In the present study, we report were bio-reduction of silver ions into AgNPs with extract of G. Moluccana by simple, rapid, efficient and eco-friendly approach. This method is also useful for large scale production of nanoparticles and could result in economic viability, as well as being eco-friendly for cancer treatment, drug delivery, sensors and commercial appliances and other medical and electronic applications. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, FESEM, HRTEM with SAED, DLS and TGA. The green synthesized AgNPs exhibited good anti microbial activity against both gram positive and negative bacteria. References [1]
Yang B, Yang Z, Wang R, Feng Z. J Mater Chem A 2014; 2:785–791.
[2]
Bastus NG, Merkoci F, Piella J, Puntes V. Chem Mater 2014; 26: 2836–2846.
[3]
Boca SC, Potara M, Ana-Maria G, Juhem A, Baldeck PL, Astilean S. Cancer Lett 2011; 311: 131–140.
[4]
Sondi I, Salopek-Sondi B. J Colloid Interf Sci 2004; 275: 177–182.
[5]
Navaladian S, Viswanathan B , Viswanath RP, Varadarajan TK. Nano scale Res Lett 2007; 2:44–48.
[6]
Mafune F, Kohno J, Takeda Y, Kondow T, Sawabe H. J Phys Chem B 2000; 104: 8333–8337.
[7]
Khaydarov RA, Khaydarov RR, Gapurova O, Estrin Y, Scheper T. J Nanopart Res 2009; 11:1193–1200.
[8]
Wang H, Qiao X, Chena J, Ding S. Colloids Surf A 2005; 256:111–115.
[9]
Nasrollahzadeh M, Sajadi SM, Babaei F, Maham M. J Colloid Interf Sci2015; 450:374–380.
[10] Jebakumar T, Immanuel E, Sethuraman MG. Process Biochem 2012; 47: 1351–1357. [11] Gavadea NL, Kadama AN, Suwarnkara MB, Ghodakeb VP, Garadkar KM. Spectrochim Acta A 2015; 136: 953–60 . [12] Sana SS, Badineni VR, Arla SK, Boya VKN. Mater Lett 2015; 145:347–350. [13] Mittal K, Bhaumik J, Kumar S, Banerjee UC. J Colloid Interf Sci 2014; 415: 39–47. [14] Ashok KS, Ravi S, Kathiravan V, Velmurugan S. Spectro chim Acta A 2015; 134:34–39. [15] Sateesh BD, Yanadaiah JP, Lakshmank D, Siva Sankar PK, Siva SS. JGTPS 2014; 5(3):1864–1868. [16] Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sherris JC, Turck M. Ame J Clin Pathol 1966; 36: 493– 6. [17] Morones JR, Elechiguerra JL, Camacho A, Holt K, Kouri JB, Ramirez JT, Yacaman M. J Nanotech. 2005; 16: 2346–2353. Table and figure captions Table.1. Results of antimicrobial activity. Fig. 1 UV-visible spectroscopy of silver nanoparticles, (a) Effect of time (b) Effect of pH (c) Effect of different concentrations of AgNO3 and (d) Effect of different molar concentrations of AgNO3 synthesized AgNPs from G. mulaccana leaf extract. Fig.2.(a) UV- visible absorption spectra of effect of leaf extract, (b) FTIR spectrum of synthesized AgNPs, (c) XRD pattern of AgNPs and (d) FESEM AgNPs. Fig.3.(a). HRTEM with SAED pattern, (b) particle size distribution of synthesized AgNPs, (c) TGA analysis of synthesized AgNPs using G. mulaccana leaf extract and (d) antimicrobial resuts of AgNPs.
Fig.(1).
Fig.(2).
Fig.(3).
S. No.
Tested pathogen
Zone of inhibition (ZOI) (mm) Volume of AgNPs suspension
Streptomycin
10µL
20 µL
30 µL
30µL
E.coli
9 ± 0.22
12±0.03
14±0.98
16 ± 1.67
2
P. vulgaris
8±1.22
13±1.02
15±1.06
18 ± 1.43
3
K. pneumoniae
10 ± 0.38
14 ± 0.54
16 ± 0.45
20 ± 1.2
4
S. aureus
11 ± 0.29
14 ± 0.42
16 ± 0.32
21 ± 0.91
1
Table .1
Highlights
Silver nanoparticles were prepared successfully using Givotia moluccana leaf extract. This method was rapid, simple and eco-friendly in nature. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized for their size and morphology and with average size of 55 nm. Silver nanoparticles showed good inhibition of both gram positive and negative bacteria.