- Email: [email protected]
Grid connected solar PV system using carbon material based DYE sensitized solar cells
Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Materials Today: Proceedings journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr
Grid connected solar PV system using carbon material based DYE sensitized solar cells Gunjan Varshney a,b,⇑, D.S. Chauhan c, M.P. Dave d a
UTU, Dehradun, India JSS Academy of Technical Education, Noida, India c GLA University, Mathura, India d Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, India b
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history: Received 26 November 2019 Received in revised form 8 January 2020 Accepted 11 January 2020 Available online xxxx Keywords: DYE sensitized solar cell (DSSC) Nanostructured carbon Grid connected PV system Maximum Power Point tracking (MPPT) Perturb and Observe
a b s t r a c t In recent time, third generation solar cells have been developed and become very popular as DYE sensitized solar cells (DSSC). These carbons based DSSC are eco-friendly, having less carbon credit and low in manufacturing cost as compare to second generation thin film solar cells. Overall performance of grid connected PV based electrical systems are affected by the selection of the solar cells and modules. In this work, carbon-based DYE sensitized solar cells have been used for the grid connected PV systems. Here, performance of DSSC based grid connected system is presented in result section. DC link voltage and bidirectional power flow have been shown here to validate the performance of grid connected solar PV system. Simulation work has been done on MATLAB software and different results have been shown in graphical form. Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 3rd International Conference on Science and Engineering of Materials.
1. Introduction Solar energy is the most available renewable energy source and its participation in power industry is growing day by day, as it is most abundant energy source to convert the photonics into electrical energy. Current lifestyle is totally dependent upon electricity, without electricity no one can survive. To meet the peak load demand, renewable energy resources are coming into picture up to a great extent. After the first-generation solar cell (Crystalline solar cells), second generation (Thin film) solar cell come up for increasing their efficiency. Now, Dye Sensitized solar cells (DSSC) came into the world of solar energy as third generation solar cell [1,2]. These are low cost and efficient solar cells. It has sandwich like structure that made up of electrodes, sensitizer and electrolyte. Grid integrated solar PV systems are in practice to use solar energy along with the grid supply. The efficiency of solar PV systems is dependent upon the solar materials also. The impact of using DSSC in grid integrated PV based systems is in the form of better efficiency, power quality and less cost. There are many types of DSSC are available as ZnO based, Carbon based, Nano structure ⇑ Corresponding author at: JSS Academy of Technical Education, Noida, India. E-mail address: [email protected] (G. Varshney).
based. Carbon is known to be among the few elements that are known to, holds significant potential as a one of the good materials for solar cells. It is found in sufficient amount in the outer surface of earth (approx. 0.2 wt%) carbon occurs in nature as organic compounds or as inorganic compound. It is found in amorphous form as graphite and in crystalline form as diamond. One major form in which carbon is found is coal, it is broadly in technical areas with a significant production as compared to alternate elements. Its productions are 9.1 Giga ton per year. Nanostructures of material such as C12 allotropes have been comprehensively checked in the twenty years, including fullerenes, SWCNT (Single –walled carbon nanotubes) [1], and graphine [2]. Their chemical derivatives also have been checked. These materials keep noted values for mechanical properties very much significant for Photovoltaic such as thermal conductivity, optical absorption, carrier mobility and mechanical strength. Aforesaid material are very much important in manufacturing of Photovoltaic as they could be fluidities in organic solvents to get deposited on to the thin solar cell active layers from the solution. In this paper performance of DSSSC based grid connected solar PV system has been investigated. Modelling of solar PV systems have been done in Matlab software [3–8]. For the Maximum power point tracking, Perturb and Observe method has been used [9–12]. Various stages have been modelled in
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.265 2214-7853/Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 3rd International Conference on Science and Engineering of Materials.
Please cite this article as: G. Varshney, D. S. Chauhan and M. P. Dave, Grid connected solar PV system using carbon material based DYE sensitized solar cells, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.265
2
G. Varshney et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
ter. Maximum Power Point tracking (MPPT) is compulsory to take out the maximum power from solar PV array at particular moment. Along the extraction of maximum power, DC output voltage is also regularized. As the output voltage is in DC form that is received from solar PV array, it requires to be converted into AC form with the use DC-AC inverter for the integration with AC grid. Solar PV module is integrated with three phase grid through DC-DC converter and DC-AC inverter. Control of both converters is very important in complete system. With the help of PWM current controller, switching of DC-AC inverter has been done. Here in this paper, DQ based current controller has been used for switching control of inverter and Perturb and Observe method has been used for MPPT control.
Matlab and controllers for grid connected are also used here to control the bidirectional power flow and DC bus voltage [13–22]. Various results have been shown in the forms of solar output voltage, DC bus voltage, grid voltage and grid current for constant and variable solar irradiation. 2. Circuit arrangement The circuit configuration that has been used for DSSC based grid integrated photovoltaic systems is presented in Fig. 1. It is made up of three major subparts, first one is carbon based DSSC, second necessary subpart is DC - DC boost converter and third component that is mandatory for grid integration is DC-AC bidirectional inver-
Fig. 1. System configuration.
START
Inputs V(T), I(T), V(T-1)and I(T-1) from PV module and P(T) and P(T-1) are calculated
ΔP=P(T)-P(T-1) ΔV=V(T)-V(T-1)
NO
YES ΔP>0
YES
Di = Di+ΔDi
ΔV < 0
NO
YES
NO
ΔV < 0
Di = Di - ΔDi
Di = Di - ΔDi
Di = Di+ΔDi
RETURN (T=T+1)
Fig. 2. Flowchart of Perturb and Observe Method.
Please cite this article as: G. Varshney, D. S. Chauhan and M. P. Dave, Grid connected solar PV system using carbon material based DYE sensitized solar cells, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.265
G. Varshney et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
3. Designing parameters of boost converter PV array gives low voltage, so to increase the output voltage of the panel along with the regularization of DC output voltage power electronic based DC-DC boost converter is used. Following mathematical relations have been used for designing the parameters of boost converter [22].
Vo 1 ¼ V i 1 Di
ð1Þ
ð1 Di Þ2 Di R 2f
ð2Þ
Mv ¼
Lb ¼
C min ¼
Di V r Rf
3
where all the parameters have their usual meanings in terms of duty cycle, required inductance and capacitance and frequency of the system. With the help of above equations, inductors and capacitors have been designed. Here, in the presented work the P&O method have been implemented to receive the maximum power from solar array. The flow chart is presented in Fig. 2. Duty cycle is controlled by taking perturbation into account. According to flow chart, algorithm has been designed and modelling is done for tracking the maximum power. Switching of power electronic based boost converter is controlled through the above said method for maximum power extraction. 4. Inverter control
ð3Þ In DSSC based grid integrated system, the use of power electronic based bidirectional inverter is important to get AC voltage
Fig. 3. Current controller of grid integrated DSSC system.
Fig. 4. Current controller of grid integrated DSSC system.
Please cite this article as: G. Varshney, D. S. Chauhan and M. P. Dave, Grid connected solar PV system using carbon material based DYE sensitized solar cells, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.265
4
G. Varshney et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
Fig. 5. Results of DSSC based grid connected solar PV systems.
after converting from DC output voltage to integrate with AC grid because the inherent nature of current grid is AC. In this research paper, D-Q based current control has been used for switching control of power electronic based inverter as shown in Fig. 3. In this control, three phase variables are converted into D-Q variables. Reference values and actual sensed values are compared, and error signal is generated and based on this error signal, switching action is send to PWM generator. DC link voltage control is also done with the help of this control technique of inverter. Apart from all these power qualities is also controlled in the presented work related to power factor and wave shape improvement of grid voltage and currents along with DC link voltage regulation.
5. Simulation model of DSSC based grid integrated system Fig. 4 shows the Simulation model of the DSSC based grid connected PV systems. It has mainly three components viz. DSSC based solar PV array, DC-DC boost converter and bidirectional inverter that is connected to AC grid. Various toolboxes have been used for the modelling in Matlab. 6. Result and discussion Fig. 5 shows the output waveforms of DSSC based grid integrated systems. The results include the output voltage of DSSC based solar
Please cite this article as: G. Varshney, D. S. Chauhan and M. P. Dave, Grid connected solar PV system using carbon material based DYE sensitized solar cells, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.265
G. Varshney et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
5
Fig. 5 (continued)
system, output voltage waveform of DC-DC boost converter and grid related voltage, current power and DC link voltage. Fig. 5(a) & (b) shows the output voltage waveform at constant and variable irradiation level of solar PV module. Fig. 5(c) includes the variation in duty cycle for maximum power tracking from solar PV module. Fig. 5(d)
shows the output waveform of DC bus voltage that is constant at all the instants. Fig. 5(e) has the waveform of grid related parameters. It can be observed in the results grid connected PV system works satisfactorily and able to transfer the power to the grid and satisfying all IEEE standards of power quality.
Please cite this article as: G. Varshney, D. S. Chauhan and M. P. Dave, Grid connected solar PV system using carbon material based DYE sensitized solar cells, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.265
6
G. Varshney et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
Fig. 5 (continued)
7. Conclusion Graphene, fullerness and Single-walled Nanotubes have been researched in last twenty years but still the opportunities are opened in this area. For making PV researchers have tried to develop other methods as well. They have accumulated amorphous carbon, grapheme and nanodiamonds on thin substrates using vapour deposition technique. Nanomaterials are being used broadly in areas such as photonics and electronics, the potential of carbon and derivatives as the active layer element in photovoltaic is still untouched. One Major benefit of using Carbon based DSSC is low material and manufacturing cost and hence increasing final efficiency of power system. In this work carbon material based DSSC solar cell based PV modules have been used and related results are shown. Results related to grid voltage, current and power shows their effectiveness in the proposed system. Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. References [1] H. Zhu, J. Wei, K. Wang, D. Wu, Applications of carbon materials in photovoltaic solar cells, Sol. Energy. Mater. Sol. C 93 (2009) 1461–1470. [2] P.A. Cox, The elements: ‘‘Their Origin, Abundance, and Distribution”, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 1989. [3] M. Arunbhaskar et al., A Simple PV Array modelling using MATLAB, Proc. ICETECT (2011). [4] Kumari, J. Surya, ChSai Babu, Mathematical modeling and simulation of photovoltaic cell using Matlab-Simulink environment, Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng. 2 (1) (2012) 26. [5] Tarak Salmi et al., MATLAB/Simulink based modelling of solar photovoltaic cell, Int. J. Renew. Energy Res. 2 (2) (2012).
[6] Sangita R. Nandurkar et al., Modeling simulation & design of photovoltaic array with MPPT control techniques, Int. J. Appl. Power Eng. 3 (1) (2014) 41–50. [7] R. Krishan,‘‘ The simulation and design for analysis of photovoltaic system based on MATLAB” ICEETS, 2013, Nagarcoil [8] F.M. González-Longatt: Model of photovoltaic module in Matlab. In 2do congresoiberoamericano de estudiantes de ingenierıacute;aeléctrica, electrónica y computación, ii cibelec, 2005, pp. 1–5. [9] T. Esram, P.L. Chapman, Comparison of photovoltaic array maximum power point tracking technologies, IEEE Trans. Energy Conv. 22 (2) (2007) 439–449. [10] Nithin T. Abraham et al., Literature survey of SAR algorithm in photovoltaic system, Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng. 4 (2) (2014) 155. [11] Fangrui Liu, Yog Kang, ‘‘Comparison of P&O and hill climbing MPPT methods for grid-connected PV converter”, Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2008, Singapore. [12] V. Salas, E. Olias, A. Barrado, A. Lazaro, Review of the maximum power point tracking algorithms for stand-alone photovoltaic systems in Sol, Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 90 (11) (Jul. 2006) 1555–1578. [13] Zhou Dejia, et al, ‘‘Design and Control of Three phase grid connected Photovoltaic System with developed Maximum Power point tracking”, APEC 2008, Austin, TX. [14] BoucettaAbdou Abdallah, Labed Djamel, Control of power and voltage of solar grid connected IJECE Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng. (2015) 6.1. [15] Srete N. Nikolovski, Predrag Z. Maric, Ljubomir V. Majdandzic, Integration of solar power plant in distribution network, Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng. 5 (4) (2015) 656. [16] , IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 18 (3) (2003) 888–895, https://doi.org/10.1109/ TPEL.6310.1109/TPEL.2003.810838. [17] Ma Liang, Trillion Q. Zheng, ‘‘Synchronous PI Control for three-phase grid connected Photovoltaic Inverter”, Chinese Control and Design Conf., 2010. [18] David M. Brod, Donald W. Donald, Novotny, Current control of VSI-PWM inverters, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 21 (4) (1995), pp. 562–570, May/june. [19] B. Singh, K. Al-haddad, A. Chandra, A new control approach to three phase active filter for harmonics and reactive power compensation, IEEE trans. Power system 13 (1) (1998) 133–138. [20] M.M. Amin, et al.,‘‘DC bus voltage control for PV sources in a DC Distribution System Infrastructure”, Power and Energy society general Meeting, 25-29 july2010, Minneapolis, MN. [21] R.N. Tripathi, A. Singh, SRF theory based grid interconnected Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) system with improved power quality, International IEEE Conference on Emerging Trends in Communication, Control, Signal Processing & Computing Applications (C2SPCA), 2013, Banglore, India. [22] Varshney Gunjan, D.S. Chauhan, M.P. Dave, Evaluation of power quality issues in grid connected PV systems, Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng. 6 (4) (2016) 1412.
Please cite this article as: G. Varshney, D. S. Chauhan and M. P. Dave, Grid connected solar PV system using carbon material based DYE sensitized solar cells, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.265
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Materials Today: Proceedings journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr
Grid connected solar PV system using carbon material based DYE sensitized solar cells Gunjan Varshney a,b,⇑, D.S. Chauhan c, M.P. Dave d a
UTU, Dehradun, India JSS Academy of Technical Education, Noida, India c GLA University, Mathura, India d Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, India b
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history: Received 26 November 2019 Received in revised form 8 January 2020 Accepted 11 January 2020 Available online xxxx Keywords: DYE sensitized solar cell (DSSC) Nanostructured carbon Grid connected PV system Maximum Power Point tracking (MPPT) Perturb and Observe
a b s t r a c t In recent time, third generation solar cells have been developed and become very popular as DYE sensitized solar cells (DSSC). These carbons based DSSC are eco-friendly, having less carbon credit and low in manufacturing cost as compare to second generation thin film solar cells. Overall performance of grid connected PV based electrical systems are affected by the selection of the solar cells and modules. In this work, carbon-based DYE sensitized solar cells have been used for the grid connected PV systems. Here, performance of DSSC based grid connected system is presented in result section. DC link voltage and bidirectional power flow have been shown here to validate the performance of grid connected solar PV system. Simulation work has been done on MATLAB software and different results have been shown in graphical form. Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 3rd International Conference on Science and Engineering of Materials.
1. Introduction Solar energy is the most available renewable energy source and its participation in power industry is growing day by day, as it is most abundant energy source to convert the photonics into electrical energy. Current lifestyle is totally dependent upon electricity, without electricity no one can survive. To meet the peak load demand, renewable energy resources are coming into picture up to a great extent. After the first-generation solar cell (Crystalline solar cells), second generation (Thin film) solar cell come up for increasing their efficiency. Now, Dye Sensitized solar cells (DSSC) came into the world of solar energy as third generation solar cell [1,2]. These are low cost and efficient solar cells. It has sandwich like structure that made up of electrodes, sensitizer and electrolyte. Grid integrated solar PV systems are in practice to use solar energy along with the grid supply. The efficiency of solar PV systems is dependent upon the solar materials also. The impact of using DSSC in grid integrated PV based systems is in the form of better efficiency, power quality and less cost. There are many types of DSSC are available as ZnO based, Carbon based, Nano structure ⇑ Corresponding author at: JSS Academy of Technical Education, Noida, India. E-mail address: [email protected] (G. Varshney).
based. Carbon is known to be among the few elements that are known to, holds significant potential as a one of the good materials for solar cells. It is found in sufficient amount in the outer surface of earth (approx. 0.2 wt%) carbon occurs in nature as organic compounds or as inorganic compound. It is found in amorphous form as graphite and in crystalline form as diamond. One major form in which carbon is found is coal, it is broadly in technical areas with a significant production as compared to alternate elements. Its productions are 9.1 Giga ton per year. Nanostructures of material such as C12 allotropes have been comprehensively checked in the twenty years, including fullerenes, SWCNT (Single –walled carbon nanotubes) [1], and graphine [2]. Their chemical derivatives also have been checked. These materials keep noted values for mechanical properties very much significant for Photovoltaic such as thermal conductivity, optical absorption, carrier mobility and mechanical strength. Aforesaid material are very much important in manufacturing of Photovoltaic as they could be fluidities in organic solvents to get deposited on to the thin solar cell active layers from the solution. In this paper performance of DSSSC based grid connected solar PV system has been investigated. Modelling of solar PV systems have been done in Matlab software [3–8]. For the Maximum power point tracking, Perturb and Observe method has been used [9–12]. Various stages have been modelled in
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.265 2214-7853/Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 3rd International Conference on Science and Engineering of Materials.
Please cite this article as: G. Varshney, D. S. Chauhan and M. P. Dave, Grid connected solar PV system using carbon material based DYE sensitized solar cells, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.265
2
G. Varshney et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
ter. Maximum Power Point tracking (MPPT) is compulsory to take out the maximum power from solar PV array at particular moment. Along the extraction of maximum power, DC output voltage is also regularized. As the output voltage is in DC form that is received from solar PV array, it requires to be converted into AC form with the use DC-AC inverter for the integration with AC grid. Solar PV module is integrated with three phase grid through DC-DC converter and DC-AC inverter. Control of both converters is very important in complete system. With the help of PWM current controller, switching of DC-AC inverter has been done. Here in this paper, DQ based current controller has been used for switching control of inverter and Perturb and Observe method has been used for MPPT control.
Matlab and controllers for grid connected are also used here to control the bidirectional power flow and DC bus voltage [13–22]. Various results have been shown in the forms of solar output voltage, DC bus voltage, grid voltage and grid current for constant and variable solar irradiation. 2. Circuit arrangement The circuit configuration that has been used for DSSC based grid integrated photovoltaic systems is presented in Fig. 1. It is made up of three major subparts, first one is carbon based DSSC, second necessary subpart is DC - DC boost converter and third component that is mandatory for grid integration is DC-AC bidirectional inver-
Fig. 1. System configuration.
START
Inputs V(T), I(T), V(T-1)and I(T-1) from PV module and P(T) and P(T-1) are calculated
ΔP=P(T)-P(T-1) ΔV=V(T)-V(T-1)
NO
YES ΔP>0
YES
Di = Di+ΔDi
ΔV < 0
NO
YES
NO
ΔV < 0
Di = Di - ΔDi
Di = Di - ΔDi
Di = Di+ΔDi
RETURN (T=T+1)
Fig. 2. Flowchart of Perturb and Observe Method.
Please cite this article as: G. Varshney, D. S. Chauhan and M. P. Dave, Grid connected solar PV system using carbon material based DYE sensitized solar cells, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.265
G. Varshney et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
3. Designing parameters of boost converter PV array gives low voltage, so to increase the output voltage of the panel along with the regularization of DC output voltage power electronic based DC-DC boost converter is used. Following mathematical relations have been used for designing the parameters of boost converter [22].
Vo 1 ¼ V i 1 Di
ð1Þ
ð1 Di Þ2 Di R 2f
ð2Þ
Mv ¼
Lb ¼
C min ¼
Di V r Rf
3
where all the parameters have their usual meanings in terms of duty cycle, required inductance and capacitance and frequency of the system. With the help of above equations, inductors and capacitors have been designed. Here, in the presented work the P&O method have been implemented to receive the maximum power from solar array. The flow chart is presented in Fig. 2. Duty cycle is controlled by taking perturbation into account. According to flow chart, algorithm has been designed and modelling is done for tracking the maximum power. Switching of power electronic based boost converter is controlled through the above said method for maximum power extraction. 4. Inverter control
ð3Þ In DSSC based grid integrated system, the use of power electronic based bidirectional inverter is important to get AC voltage
Fig. 3. Current controller of grid integrated DSSC system.
Fig. 4. Current controller of grid integrated DSSC system.
Please cite this article as: G. Varshney, D. S. Chauhan and M. P. Dave, Grid connected solar PV system using carbon material based DYE sensitized solar cells, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.265
4
G. Varshney et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
Fig. 5. Results of DSSC based grid connected solar PV systems.
after converting from DC output voltage to integrate with AC grid because the inherent nature of current grid is AC. In this research paper, D-Q based current control has been used for switching control of power electronic based inverter as shown in Fig. 3. In this control, three phase variables are converted into D-Q variables. Reference values and actual sensed values are compared, and error signal is generated and based on this error signal, switching action is send to PWM generator. DC link voltage control is also done with the help of this control technique of inverter. Apart from all these power qualities is also controlled in the presented work related to power factor and wave shape improvement of grid voltage and currents along with DC link voltage regulation.
5. Simulation model of DSSC based grid integrated system Fig. 4 shows the Simulation model of the DSSC based grid connected PV systems. It has mainly three components viz. DSSC based solar PV array, DC-DC boost converter and bidirectional inverter that is connected to AC grid. Various toolboxes have been used for the modelling in Matlab. 6. Result and discussion Fig. 5 shows the output waveforms of DSSC based grid integrated systems. The results include the output voltage of DSSC based solar
Please cite this article as: G. Varshney, D. S. Chauhan and M. P. Dave, Grid connected solar PV system using carbon material based DYE sensitized solar cells, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.265
G. Varshney et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
5
Fig. 5 (continued)
system, output voltage waveform of DC-DC boost converter and grid related voltage, current power and DC link voltage. Fig. 5(a) & (b) shows the output voltage waveform at constant and variable irradiation level of solar PV module. Fig. 5(c) includes the variation in duty cycle for maximum power tracking from solar PV module. Fig. 5(d)
shows the output waveform of DC bus voltage that is constant at all the instants. Fig. 5(e) has the waveform of grid related parameters. It can be observed in the results grid connected PV system works satisfactorily and able to transfer the power to the grid and satisfying all IEEE standards of power quality.
Please cite this article as: G. Varshney, D. S. Chauhan and M. P. Dave, Grid connected solar PV system using carbon material based DYE sensitized solar cells, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.265
6
G. Varshney et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
Fig. 5 (continued)
7. Conclusion Graphene, fullerness and Single-walled Nanotubes have been researched in last twenty years but still the opportunities are opened in this area. For making PV researchers have tried to develop other methods as well. They have accumulated amorphous carbon, grapheme and nanodiamonds on thin substrates using vapour deposition technique. Nanomaterials are being used broadly in areas such as photonics and electronics, the potential of carbon and derivatives as the active layer element in photovoltaic is still untouched. One Major benefit of using Carbon based DSSC is low material and manufacturing cost and hence increasing final efficiency of power system. In this work carbon material based DSSC solar cell based PV modules have been used and related results are shown. Results related to grid voltage, current and power shows their effectiveness in the proposed system. Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. References [1] H. Zhu, J. Wei, K. Wang, D. Wu, Applications of carbon materials in photovoltaic solar cells, Sol. Energy. Mater. Sol. C 93 (2009) 1461–1470. [2] P.A. Cox, The elements: ‘‘Their Origin, Abundance, and Distribution”, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 1989. [3] M. Arunbhaskar et al., A Simple PV Array modelling using MATLAB, Proc. ICETECT (2011). [4] Kumari, J. Surya, ChSai Babu, Mathematical modeling and simulation of photovoltaic cell using Matlab-Simulink environment, Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng. 2 (1) (2012) 26. [5] Tarak Salmi et al., MATLAB/Simulink based modelling of solar photovoltaic cell, Int. J. Renew. Energy Res. 2 (2) (2012).
[6] Sangita R. Nandurkar et al., Modeling simulation & design of photovoltaic array with MPPT control techniques, Int. J. Appl. Power Eng. 3 (1) (2014) 41–50. [7] R. Krishan,‘‘ The simulation and design for analysis of photovoltaic system based on MATLAB” ICEETS, 2013, Nagarcoil [8] F.M. González-Longatt: Model of photovoltaic module in Matlab. In 2do congresoiberoamericano de estudiantes de ingenierıacute;aeléctrica, electrónica y computación, ii cibelec, 2005, pp. 1–5. [9] T. Esram, P.L. Chapman, Comparison of photovoltaic array maximum power point tracking technologies, IEEE Trans. Energy Conv. 22 (2) (2007) 439–449. [10] Nithin T. Abraham et al., Literature survey of SAR algorithm in photovoltaic system, Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng. 4 (2) (2014) 155. [11] Fangrui Liu, Yog Kang, ‘‘Comparison of P&O and hill climbing MPPT methods for grid-connected PV converter”, Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2008, Singapore. [12] V. Salas, E. Olias, A. Barrado, A. Lazaro, Review of the maximum power point tracking algorithms for stand-alone photovoltaic systems in Sol, Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 90 (11) (Jul. 2006) 1555–1578. [13] Zhou Dejia, et al, ‘‘Design and Control of Three phase grid connected Photovoltaic System with developed Maximum Power point tracking”, APEC 2008, Austin, TX. [14] BoucettaAbdou Abdallah, Labed Djamel, Control of power and voltage of solar grid connected IJECE Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng. (2015) 6.1. [15] Srete N. Nikolovski, Predrag Z. Maric, Ljubomir V. Majdandzic, Integration of solar power plant in distribution network, Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng. 5 (4) (2015) 656. [16] , IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 18 (3) (2003) 888–895, https://doi.org/10.1109/ TPEL.6310.1109/TPEL.2003.810838. [17] Ma Liang, Trillion Q. Zheng, ‘‘Synchronous PI Control for three-phase grid connected Photovoltaic Inverter”, Chinese Control and Design Conf., 2010. [18] David M. Brod, Donald W. Donald, Novotny, Current control of VSI-PWM inverters, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 21 (4) (1995), pp. 562–570, May/june. [19] B. Singh, K. Al-haddad, A. Chandra, A new control approach to three phase active filter for harmonics and reactive power compensation, IEEE trans. Power system 13 (1) (1998) 133–138. [20] M.M. Amin, et al.,‘‘DC bus voltage control for PV sources in a DC Distribution System Infrastructure”, Power and Energy society general Meeting, 25-29 july2010, Minneapolis, MN. [21] R.N. Tripathi, A. Singh, SRF theory based grid interconnected Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) system with improved power quality, International IEEE Conference on Emerging Trends in Communication, Control, Signal Processing & Computing Applications (C2SPCA), 2013, Banglore, India. [22] Varshney Gunjan, D.S. Chauhan, M.P. Dave, Evaluation of power quality issues in grid connected PV systems, Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng. 6 (4) (2016) 1412.
Please cite this article as: G. Varshney, D. S. Chauhan and M. P. Dave, Grid connected solar PV system using carbon material based DYE sensitized solar cells, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.265