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Ground behaviour and support for mining and tunnelling. Fourteenth Sir Julius Wernher memorial lecture
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795151 INSTRL~T~_ATION FOR TUNNELLING Olsen, A J; Bryant, J M; Pe~d~, M J Paper presented to Symposit~ on Tunnelling in New Zealamd, Hsm~Iton, 1977. NZIE Proc Tech Grps, V3, N3(G), P5.1~-5.25 Reviews New Zealamd experier~e in the use of ir~trtunents to measure deformations above amd adjacent to a tunnel, loads within tunnel supp~rts~ amd in situ stresses. Instruments discussed are settlement ga~ges, inclinometers, extenscmeters, vibrating wire strain gauges, the borehole deformation gauge and the triaxial hollow inclusion gauge. 795152 EFFECT OF HORIZONTAL STRESS IN THE ROCK ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ~ S A A R I OIL CAVERNS Amt~ikoski, U V; Sarastes A E Proc ist Intermatlonal Symposium on Storage in Excavated Rock Caverns (Rockstore 77), Stockholm, 5-8 Sept 1977, V~, P59~-598. Publ Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1978 Describes a project near Helsinki, Finlar~, where 3 oil storage caverns were constructed in m ~ t i t e bedrock (a la~red syst~n of gneiss, aml~ibolite amd granite). The powerful horizontal stress state which was found during construction was investigated by finite element methods following extensive rock stress measurements. The results were interpreted to improve roof s~Ix~t in the caverns and to explain the behavlour of the rock mass in the region.
Surface subsidence and caving 795153 EXDGENIC SUBSIDENCE AS A FORM OF POLLb'910N Prokopovich, N P BUll Ass E~gr~ Geol, VIS, N~, 1978, P269-283 Exogenic lard subsidence caused by h~m~u activities such as mining~ withdr~al of groundwater, o i l , amd gas~ draima~e of peaty deposits, etc., ~,~11y has a distinctly negative envirommental impact amd should be considered as a form of pollution. Prediction, doc~nentation, and control of ismd subsidence amd associated envirommental cha~ges ere important er.g,ineering geologic tasks. Auth.
Temporary and permanent supports See also: 795103 795i54 SIMPLIFIED ANALYSIS FOR TUNNEL SUPPORTS Eir~teins H H; Schivartyz, C W J Geotech EDg~g Div, ASCE, VI05, ~T~, April
x979, ~99"518 An ~ o v e d closed-fm~m solution is developed for calculating tunnel s ~ thrusts, moments and displacements. The solution m~lels the interaction of an elastic~ circular suppc~ with an elastic, isot~oplc, i~Ifiuite grourd mass. The features of the solution are: (i) a revised formulation ~f the compressibility ratiol (2) the lucc~p~ration of the cc~rect excavation unloading corzlitions for mined tunr~is. The sensitivity ~f the tunnel support loads to variations in relative support stiffhess, support cross section, Poisson's ratio and initial lateral stress ratio is demonstrated.
795155 APPLICATION OF SHTELD SUPPORTS IN THE USA Burrcws~ M G Min Er~r, V138, ~213, Jure 1979, P9~I-9~6 Reports a visit to a number of US mimes using shield-type supports. History, current usage and tremds are discussed. 795156 STRATA CONTROL BY SUPPORT, CHIEFLY BY RESIST A N ~ AND CAPACrH TO YIELD (IN O E ~ ) Lutgezzl~,-fj H 0 Rock Mech, Suppl 7, 1978, P87-I02 (paper to 26th Ge~nechamlcal Colloquium, Austrian Society for Geamechanics, Salzburg, 13-14 OCt 1977) Discusses the need for yielding supports arour~ the advancing face in mining where the rock ross is subject to strata move~nt. A theoretical amalysis defines zones of rook Iressure around a circular excavation and considers the effects of support by (i) a ring of yieldir~ boltsl (2) a solid annttler st~ppc~t ring. Relates particularly to mine roadway suppert. 795157 APPLICATION OF FIBRE-WIRE SHOTCEETE IN ~ LING PRESENT SITUATION OF RESEARCH TECHNIQUE AND CONSTRUCTIVE EVALUATION (IN GERMAN) Maidl, B Rock Mech, Suppl 7, 1978, P225-2~8 (paper to 26th Geomechamlcal Colloquium, Au~hrian Society for Gecmechanics, Salzburg, 13-14 -
oct 1977) A review of mechanical ~roperties, stressstrain behaviour, method of manufacture~ calculation of safety factorss and al~licstion in tunnel construction of steel fibre-reinforced shotcrete. 795156 ~ c o N s m ~ m z 0 N ~u ROCK w n ~ ~ m O N I C ~SZDUAL SZ~SSES (IN G ~ A N ) Gobl I P Rock Mech, Suppl 6, 1978, P139-145 (paper to 25th GeO~echanical Colloquiums Austrian Society for ~ i c s , Salzburg, 14-15 Oct 1976) The New Austrian TumnelliDg Method is recommended for tunnelli~g in this type of rock. The reduction of stress by the use of deformable s~pports (shotcrete, step-lr~sh, bOlts, steel arches) is discussed. Choice Of s%tpport and timing of installation ere related to in situ measurement s • AND SUPPO~ FOR MINI~ AND 795159 GROUND ~ V I O U R TUNNELLING. FOU~I~ENTH SIR JULIUS WERNHER MEMORIAL LECTURE Muir Wood, A M Trams Irm~ Min Metall (Sect A Min Ind), V88, April 1979, PA23-A34 Discusses the properties of rocks and soils, support of Jointed competent rock, suppart of incompetent rock, three cli~nsio~el analysis, time depemdent behaviour, yieldimg supports sad pillars. 795160 USE OF SHOTCRETE FOR PENMANENT LININGS UNDERGROUND SJ ostrom, 0 Proc Ist Internatiomal symposi~n on Storage in Excavated Rock Caverns (Rockstore TT), Stockholm, 5-8 Sept 1977, V3, P585-591. Publ Oxfc~d: Pergamon Press, 1978
795151 INSTRL~T~_ATION FOR TUNNELLING Olsen, A J; Bryant, J M; Pe~d~, M J Paper presented to Symposit~ on Tunnelling in New Zealamd, Hsm~Iton, 1977. NZIE Proc Tech Grps, V3, N3(G), P5.1~-5.25 Reviews New Zealamd experier~e in the use of ir~trtunents to measure deformations above amd adjacent to a tunnel, loads within tunnel supp~rts~ amd in situ stresses. Instruments discussed are settlement ga~ges, inclinometers, extenscmeters, vibrating wire strain gauges, the borehole deformation gauge and the triaxial hollow inclusion gauge. 795152 EFFECT OF HORIZONTAL STRESS IN THE ROCK ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ~ S A A R I OIL CAVERNS Amt~ikoski, U V; Sarastes A E Proc ist Intermatlonal Symposium on Storage in Excavated Rock Caverns (Rockstore 77), Stockholm, 5-8 Sept 1977, V~, P59~-598. Publ Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1978 Describes a project near Helsinki, Finlar~, where 3 oil storage caverns were constructed in m ~ t i t e bedrock (a la~red syst~n of gneiss, aml~ibolite amd granite). The powerful horizontal stress state which was found during construction was investigated by finite element methods following extensive rock stress measurements. The results were interpreted to improve roof s~Ix~t in the caverns and to explain the behavlour of the rock mass in the region.
Surface subsidence and caving 795153 EXDGENIC SUBSIDENCE AS A FORM OF POLLb'910N Prokopovich, N P BUll Ass E~gr~ Geol, VIS, N~, 1978, P269-283 Exogenic lard subsidence caused by h~m~u activities such as mining~ withdr~al of groundwater, o i l , amd gas~ draima~e of peaty deposits, etc., ~,~11y has a distinctly negative envirommental impact amd should be considered as a form of pollution. Prediction, doc~nentation, and control of ismd subsidence amd associated envirommental cha~ges ere important er.g,ineering geologic tasks. Auth.
Temporary and permanent supports See also: 795103 795i54 SIMPLIFIED ANALYSIS FOR TUNNEL SUPPORTS Eir~teins H H; Schivartyz, C W J Geotech EDg~g Div, ASCE, VI05, ~T~, April
x979, ~99"518 An ~ o v e d closed-fm~m solution is developed for calculating tunnel s ~ thrusts, moments and displacements. The solution m~lels the interaction of an elastic~ circular suppc~ with an elastic, isot~oplc, i~Ifiuite grourd mass. The features of the solution are: (i) a revised formulation ~f the compressibility ratiol (2) the lucc~p~ration of the cc~rect excavation unloading corzlitions for mined tunr~is. The sensitivity ~f the tunnel support loads to variations in relative support stiffhess, support cross section, Poisson's ratio and initial lateral stress ratio is demonstrated.
795155 APPLICATION OF SHTELD SUPPORTS IN THE USA Burrcws~ M G Min Er~r, V138, ~213, Jure 1979, P9~I-9~6 Reports a visit to a number of US mimes using shield-type supports. History, current usage and tremds are discussed. 795156 STRATA CONTROL BY SUPPORT, CHIEFLY BY RESIST A N ~ AND CAPACrH TO YIELD (IN O E ~ ) Lutgezzl~,-fj H 0 Rock Mech, Suppl 7, 1978, P87-I02 (paper to 26th Ge~nechamlcal Colloquium, Austrian Society for Geamechanics, Salzburg, 13-14 OCt 1977) Discusses the need for yielding supports arour~ the advancing face in mining where the rock ross is subject to strata move~nt. A theoretical amalysis defines zones of rook Iressure around a circular excavation and considers the effects of support by (i) a ring of yieldir~ boltsl (2) a solid annttler st~ppc~t ring. Relates particularly to mine roadway suppert. 795157 APPLICATION OF FIBRE-WIRE SHOTCEETE IN ~ LING PRESENT SITUATION OF RESEARCH TECHNIQUE AND CONSTRUCTIVE EVALUATION (IN GERMAN) Maidl, B Rock Mech, Suppl 7, 1978, P225-2~8 (paper to 26th Geomechamlcal Colloquium, Au~hrian Society for Gecmechanics, Salzburg, 13-14 -
oct 1977) A review of mechanical ~roperties, stressstrain behaviour, method of manufacture~ calculation of safety factorss and al~licstion in tunnel construction of steel fibre-reinforced shotcrete. 795156 ~ c o N s m ~ m z 0 N ~u ROCK w n ~ ~ m O N I C ~SZDUAL SZ~SSES (IN G ~ A N ) Gobl I P Rock Mech, Suppl 6, 1978, P139-145 (paper to 25th GeO~echanical Colloquiums Austrian Society for ~ i c s , Salzburg, 14-15 Oct 1976) The New Austrian TumnelliDg Method is recommended for tunnelli~g in this type of rock. The reduction of stress by the use of deformable s~pports (shotcrete, step-lr~sh, bOlts, steel arches) is discussed. Choice Of s%tpport and timing of installation ere related to in situ measurement s • AND SUPPO~ FOR MINI~ AND 795159 GROUND ~ V I O U R TUNNELLING. FOU~I~ENTH SIR JULIUS WERNHER MEMORIAL LECTURE Muir Wood, A M Trams Irm~ Min Metall (Sect A Min Ind), V88, April 1979, PA23-A34 Discusses the properties of rocks and soils, support of Jointed competent rock, suppart of incompetent rock, three cli~nsio~el analysis, time depemdent behaviour, yieldimg supports sad pillars. 795160 USE OF SHOTCRETE FOR PENMANENT LININGS UNDERGROUND SJ ostrom, 0 Proc Ist Internatiomal symposi~n on Storage in Excavated Rock Caverns (Rockstore TT), Stockholm, 5-8 Sept 1977, V3, P585-591. Publ Oxfc~d: Pergamon Press, 1978