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Ground stress determinations in Canada
188A
the adverse effects of tunnel driving on the already impaired stability of slopes in great open cuts, to demonstrate the causes of such problems and rules are given for the prevention of failure. Different possibilities for the start of a tunnel heading under diffi. cult conditions are discussed. 1853 BAUDENDISTEL, M Evaluation of the ratio of lateral pressure and its influence on the tunnel. In German. 7F,3R. ROCK MECHANICS, SUPPL .3,JUNE, 1974, P89_ 96. Observations during excavation of the Orange-Fish tunnel, South Africa, indicated that high horizontal stresses probably exist in the rock~mss. Possible ratios of lateral pressure were calculated dependent on the depth of tunnel. In-situ measurements showed a good agreement with the analytic evaluation. The significant influence of the lateral pressure ratio for underground constructions is shown by the dimensioning of the tunnel lining.
1854 LOGTERS, G Model tests to determine the three.dimensional deformations caused by near surface tunnelling. In German. 8F,3R. ROCK MECHANICS, SUPPL. 3, JUNE, 1974, PI03-112. A series of three-dime~sional tunnelling model tests was carried out using transparent gelatin. In some tests a thin cellophane tube was used as lining. All important states of deformation were recorded photographically by means of t ~ cameras.
1855 IDMBARDI,G Rock mechanics problems at St. Gotthard. In German.12F. ROCK MECHANICS, SUPPL .3,JUNE, 1974, Pll3-130. The large size of the proJects at St. Gotthard in Swit zerland (the road tunnel at present under construction and the planned railway tunnel) presents problems in which rock mechanics plays an important role. These problems, recognized during site investigations, are presented and possible solutions are pointed out. Ma~or problems to be dealt with include calculation of the necessary supports, forecast of lining thickness and determination of possible excavation methods.
In-situ stresses in ground and stress around underground openings 1856 THOMPSON,M UNIV .NE~CASTLE-UPON-~, GB Face element theory-l.-The use of three potential functions to solve the steady state equilibriuln equation of elasticity is established and a numercal example of its use is given. 3F,15R. INT. J .ROCK MECH .MIN .SCI .Vll,N4, APR. 1974, P121-127. 1857 HEINZE,WD TEXAS A AND M UNIV.COLL.STATION,US~ GOETZE, C MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, USA Numerical simulation of stress concentrations in rocks. 6F, 28R. INT .J .ROCK MECH .MIN. SC I .VII,N4, APR. 1974, P151-155.
1858 WANG,FD RoPCHAN,DM Structural analysis of a coal mine opening in elastic multilayer ed material.36F. US BUR.MINES,RI 7845,1974,B6P. Finite-element structural analyses were performed to determine the stress distribution and displacements around a single rectangular coal mine opening in a multilayered rock system. The effects of changes in mechanical properties of roof and coal layers, roof layer and mine opening geometry, horizontal.to-vertical load ratio, and structural geologic features on the stress distribution about the opening were studied.
1859 HERGET, G M]]NES BR .DEFT. EN .MIN .RES .ONTARIO, CDN Ground stress determinations in Csnada.8F, 16R. ROCK MECHANICS, V6, N1, MAY. 197h, P53- 64. Stress determinations with the blaxial and triaxial strain cell of the C.S.I.R. South Africa, are discus~d and show that the triaxial cell is the nore desirable instrument if good rock conditions exist. Stress deter_ mlnatlons and a tectonic analysis show that the unrav_ elling of the geological stress-strain history allows some prediction of principal stress direction, but the attached uncertainties due to gaps in documentation require proof by stress determinations. ~uth.
1860 BABCOCK, CO A geometric method for the prediction of stresses in inclusions, orebodies and mining systems. 17F. US BUR.MINES, RI 7838,1974,35P. This report describes the results of an investigation in which an elastic inclusion, orebody or mining system is replaced for purposes of analysis with an imaginary effective inclusion of rectangular shape that encloses the region. The results are exact for an isotropic cir_ cular inclusion and provide an easy method of evaluating the stresses obtained by cylindrical inclusions in boreholes when the Poisson's ratio for both host and inclusion equals 0.25 for plane strain or 0.335 for plane stress. The practical usefulness of the method is illustrated by treating a number of mining problems.
i861 ABRAHAM, KH BRAUTIGAM, SB BARTH, S Comparison of results from stress analysis, photoelastic models and in-situ measurements during excavation of the Waldeck II cavern. In German. 21F. ROCK MECHANICS, SUPPL. 3, JUNE, 1974, P143 - 166.
1862 ANAND, SC Stress distributions around shallow buried rigid pipes. 8F, IT, 24R. J.STRUCT .DIV.V100,N.ST1, J~N.1974, P161-174.
Surface subsidence and caving 1863 ANTONESCU, I Horizontal earth movements due to collapsible loess subsidence. In Roumanian. STUD .GEOTEHN .FUND. SI CONSTRUCT .HIDROTEHN. BUCHAREST, VI7,1972, PI55-176.
1864 JUNGELS, PH FRAZIER,G ARCHAMBEAU, CR Models of the Wilmington, California, oll field subsidence. Earthquake triggering. Abstract. EOS. TRANS. AM~R .G~DPHYS .UNIONS,V54, N4,1973, PB71.
Temporary and permanent supports See also abstract: 1931.
1865 HILL, JR MCDONALD,M MCNAY, LM Support performance of hydraulic backfill. ~ preliminary analysis. 5F. US BUR .MINES,RI 7850,1974,12P. Elastic-plastic finite-element snslyses were performed
the adverse effects of tunnel driving on the already impaired stability of slopes in great open cuts, to demonstrate the causes of such problems and rules are given for the prevention of failure. Different possibilities for the start of a tunnel heading under diffi. cult conditions are discussed. 1853 BAUDENDISTEL, M Evaluation of the ratio of lateral pressure and its influence on the tunnel. In German. 7F,3R. ROCK MECHANICS, SUPPL .3,JUNE, 1974, P89_ 96. Observations during excavation of the Orange-Fish tunnel, South Africa, indicated that high horizontal stresses probably exist in the rock~mss. Possible ratios of lateral pressure were calculated dependent on the depth of tunnel. In-situ measurements showed a good agreement with the analytic evaluation. The significant influence of the lateral pressure ratio for underground constructions is shown by the dimensioning of the tunnel lining.
1854 LOGTERS, G Model tests to determine the three.dimensional deformations caused by near surface tunnelling. In German. 8F,3R. ROCK MECHANICS, SUPPL. 3, JUNE, 1974, PI03-112. A series of three-dime~sional tunnelling model tests was carried out using transparent gelatin. In some tests a thin cellophane tube was used as lining. All important states of deformation were recorded photographically by means of t ~ cameras.
1855 IDMBARDI,G Rock mechanics problems at St. Gotthard. In German.12F. ROCK MECHANICS, SUPPL .3,JUNE, 1974, Pll3-130. The large size of the proJects at St. Gotthard in Swit zerland (the road tunnel at present under construction and the planned railway tunnel) presents problems in which rock mechanics plays an important role. These problems, recognized during site investigations, are presented and possible solutions are pointed out. Ma~or problems to be dealt with include calculation of the necessary supports, forecast of lining thickness and determination of possible excavation methods.
In-situ stresses in ground and stress around underground openings 1856 THOMPSON,M UNIV .NE~CASTLE-UPON-~, GB Face element theory-l.-The use of three potential functions to solve the steady state equilibriuln equation of elasticity is established and a numercal example of its use is given. 3F,15R. INT. J .ROCK MECH .MIN .SCI .Vll,N4, APR. 1974, P121-127. 1857 HEINZE,WD TEXAS A AND M UNIV.COLL.STATION,US~ GOETZE, C MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, USA Numerical simulation of stress concentrations in rocks. 6F, 28R. INT .J .ROCK MECH .MIN. SC I .VII,N4, APR. 1974, P151-155.
1858 WANG,FD RoPCHAN,DM Structural analysis of a coal mine opening in elastic multilayer ed material.36F. US BUR.MINES,RI 7845,1974,B6P. Finite-element structural analyses were performed to determine the stress distribution and displacements around a single rectangular coal mine opening in a multilayered rock system. The effects of changes in mechanical properties of roof and coal layers, roof layer and mine opening geometry, horizontal.to-vertical load ratio, and structural geologic features on the stress distribution about the opening were studied.
1859 HERGET, G M]]NES BR .DEFT. EN .MIN .RES .ONTARIO, CDN Ground stress determinations in Csnada.8F, 16R. ROCK MECHANICS, V6, N1, MAY. 197h, P53- 64. Stress determinations with the blaxial and triaxial strain cell of the C.S.I.R. South Africa, are discus~d and show that the triaxial cell is the nore desirable instrument if good rock conditions exist. Stress deter_ mlnatlons and a tectonic analysis show that the unrav_ elling of the geological stress-strain history allows some prediction of principal stress direction, but the attached uncertainties due to gaps in documentation require proof by stress determinations. ~uth.
1860 BABCOCK, CO A geometric method for the prediction of stresses in inclusions, orebodies and mining systems. 17F. US BUR.MINES, RI 7838,1974,35P. This report describes the results of an investigation in which an elastic inclusion, orebody or mining system is replaced for purposes of analysis with an imaginary effective inclusion of rectangular shape that encloses the region. The results are exact for an isotropic cir_ cular inclusion and provide an easy method of evaluating the stresses obtained by cylindrical inclusions in boreholes when the Poisson's ratio for both host and inclusion equals 0.25 for plane strain or 0.335 for plane stress. The practical usefulness of the method is illustrated by treating a number of mining problems.
i861 ABRAHAM, KH BRAUTIGAM, SB BARTH, S Comparison of results from stress analysis, photoelastic models and in-situ measurements during excavation of the Waldeck II cavern. In German. 21F. ROCK MECHANICS, SUPPL. 3, JUNE, 1974, P143 - 166.
1862 ANAND, SC Stress distributions around shallow buried rigid pipes. 8F, IT, 24R. J.STRUCT .DIV.V100,N.ST1, J~N.1974, P161-174.
Surface subsidence and caving 1863 ANTONESCU, I Horizontal earth movements due to collapsible loess subsidence. In Roumanian. STUD .GEOTEHN .FUND. SI CONSTRUCT .HIDROTEHN. BUCHAREST, VI7,1972, PI55-176.
1864 JUNGELS, PH FRAZIER,G ARCHAMBEAU, CR Models of the Wilmington, California, oll field subsidence. Earthquake triggering. Abstract. EOS. TRANS. AM~R .G~DPHYS .UNIONS,V54, N4,1973, PB71.
Temporary and permanent supports See also abstract: 1931.
1865 HILL, JR MCDONALD,M MCNAY, LM Support performance of hydraulic backfill. ~ preliminary analysis. 5F. US BUR .MINES,RI 7850,1974,12P. Elastic-plastic finite-element snslyses were performed