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Grouting for tunnels and caverns (in Norwegian)
158A element analysis; agreement is close. 844334 Testing and demonstration of roof bolter instrumentation for detecting hazardous roof Lusignea, R; Felleman, J US Bureau of Mines report OFR 193-83, April 1983, 165P A single-boom roof bolting machine was outfitted with measurement and recording systems to detect changes in machine parameters while drilling. The purpose of the instrumented bolter was to detect changes in roof conditions from the machine parameters of penetration rate, thrust, rotation rate, torque, reflected light from rock cuttings, and vibration of the roof during drilling. The system was demonstrated underground in coal mine conditions and showed correlation between rock type and drilling parameters.
tion the vibrator is placed on the ground and charged with stone. The poker is vibrated into the ground to the required depth and then withdrawn allowing the stone to pass out into the bottom of the hole. The poker is lowered onto the stone to compact it. The process is repeated until the stone column is at ground level. 844339 Effect of the clay fraction on some mechanical properties of lime-soil mixtures Lees, G; Abdelkater, M O; Hamdani, S K Highway Engr 1/29, Nil, Nor 1982, P3-9 Examines the importance of the clay fraction (content and mineral type) of a sand-clay soil in the process of lime stabilization, as reflected by its effect on the compaction, shear strength and elastic properties of lime-soil mixtures.
844335 Factors affecting the dissolution of g.vpsam-imnded roof bolts Gerdemann, S J; Hansen, J S US Bureau of Mines report RI 8814, 1983, 12P
84434O Sodium chloride as an additive in lime-soil atabilisation Lees, G; Abdelkader, M O; Hamdani, S K Highway Engr V29, N12, Dec 1982, P2-8
Describes a study on the effects of mine waters upon accelerated gypsum. The accelerated gypsum dissolved at an appreciable rate relative to an assumed 10 year life span of a roof bolt. In an actual roof-bolt environment, dissolution will occur in static solutions to the solubility limit of gypsum (approximately 2g/L) and cease, resulting in minimal damage; but in flows of unsaturated solution as slow as 1 L per month, a loss of up to 10% will occur in 2 years. It is recommended that gypsumbonded bolts be confined to dry roofs only.
Kaolinitic and montmoriUonitic soils were prepared from sand and clay, with clay contents of 10, 30 and 50%. Lime was added in quantities of 2, 4 and 8%, by dry weight of the soil. The effect on optimum moisture content, maximum dry density and unconfined compressive strength of adding I, 2 and 3% of sodium chloride during lime treatment was investigated.
Avail: The Bureau, 4800 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pa, 15213 USA
Grouting 844336 Grouting for tunnels and caverns (In Norwegian) Johansen, P M Norw Geotech Inst Publ N147, 1983, 4P A summary of the reports made by the Grouting Committee for Tunnels and Caverns. The reports cover: design criteria, permeability tests, boring for grouting, chemical grouts, equipment, and water infiltration. 844337 Monitoring of pwnping tests and grouting operations. Technical note Muller, R E Rock Mech Rock Engng V17, N1, Jan-March 1984, P51-59 The High Frequency Recorder described uses magnetic flowmeters and microprocessor data manipulation to automatically record all important data during grouting operations. The equipment measures both pressure and flow accurately. The grouting operation can be evaluated immediately and adjustments made for optimum performance. The equipment can be used in pumping tests.
Soil stabilisation 844338 Vibrocat introdu¢~l to the UK Ground Engng V17, N2, March 1984, P25,44 The Vibrocat machine used for 'vibro replacement' has been introduced to the UK. The Vibrocat has an electric vibrating poker and stone is fed directly to the vibratory nose. In opera-
844341 Grids find new uses Fullalove, S New Civ Engr N583, 29 March 1984, PI8 The use of 'Tensar', a molecularly orientated polymer reinforcing grid, is being investigated by laboratory testing and full scale field trials. Rot proof Tensar has already been used in a variety of earthworks stabilizing applications in Britain and North America and cucrcnt research concerns its use in asphalt and cement composites. 844342 Consolidation and soil improvement by vertical drains On Norwegian) Eide, O Norw Geotech lnst Publ N147, 1983, 8P The purpose of vertical drains is to accelerate consolidation settlements and thus reduce long term displacements, and gain shear strength. Different types of drains and their installation methods are described.
Freezing 844343 Optimum distance b e m e n freezing e o l m ~ la shift fin Russian) Belferman, M U Skakhtnoc Strait N6, June 1983, P15-17 The optimum spacing of freezing columns is determined from a mathematical model for rock freezing technology, taking into account parallel operations in the preparation and colliery construction stages. The case studied involves a shaft of 7.8m diameter, a freezing depth of232.gm, a freezing temperature of-20 deg C and an operation period of I 1 months. A review of a number of shafts indicated considerable deviation in the column spacing so that in only one shaft in fifteen was the standard spacing maintained through the whole depth of freezing.
tion the vibrator is placed on the ground and charged with stone. The poker is vibrated into the ground to the required depth and then withdrawn allowing the stone to pass out into the bottom of the hole. The poker is lowered onto the stone to compact it. The process is repeated until the stone column is at ground level. 844339 Effect of the clay fraction on some mechanical properties of lime-soil mixtures Lees, G; Abdelkater, M O; Hamdani, S K Highway Engr 1/29, Nil, Nor 1982, P3-9 Examines the importance of the clay fraction (content and mineral type) of a sand-clay soil in the process of lime stabilization, as reflected by its effect on the compaction, shear strength and elastic properties of lime-soil mixtures.
844335 Factors affecting the dissolution of g.vpsam-imnded roof bolts Gerdemann, S J; Hansen, J S US Bureau of Mines report RI 8814, 1983, 12P
84434O Sodium chloride as an additive in lime-soil atabilisation Lees, G; Abdelkader, M O; Hamdani, S K Highway Engr V29, N12, Dec 1982, P2-8
Describes a study on the effects of mine waters upon accelerated gypsum. The accelerated gypsum dissolved at an appreciable rate relative to an assumed 10 year life span of a roof bolt. In an actual roof-bolt environment, dissolution will occur in static solutions to the solubility limit of gypsum (approximately 2g/L) and cease, resulting in minimal damage; but in flows of unsaturated solution as slow as 1 L per month, a loss of up to 10% will occur in 2 years. It is recommended that gypsumbonded bolts be confined to dry roofs only.
Kaolinitic and montmoriUonitic soils were prepared from sand and clay, with clay contents of 10, 30 and 50%. Lime was added in quantities of 2, 4 and 8%, by dry weight of the soil. The effect on optimum moisture content, maximum dry density and unconfined compressive strength of adding I, 2 and 3% of sodium chloride during lime treatment was investigated.
Avail: The Bureau, 4800 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pa, 15213 USA
Grouting 844336 Grouting for tunnels and caverns (In Norwegian) Johansen, P M Norw Geotech Inst Publ N147, 1983, 4P A summary of the reports made by the Grouting Committee for Tunnels and Caverns. The reports cover: design criteria, permeability tests, boring for grouting, chemical grouts, equipment, and water infiltration. 844337 Monitoring of pwnping tests and grouting operations. Technical note Muller, R E Rock Mech Rock Engng V17, N1, Jan-March 1984, P51-59 The High Frequency Recorder described uses magnetic flowmeters and microprocessor data manipulation to automatically record all important data during grouting operations. The equipment measures both pressure and flow accurately. The grouting operation can be evaluated immediately and adjustments made for optimum performance. The equipment can be used in pumping tests.
Soil stabilisation 844338 Vibrocat introdu¢~l to the UK Ground Engng V17, N2, March 1984, P25,44 The Vibrocat machine used for 'vibro replacement' has been introduced to the UK. The Vibrocat has an electric vibrating poker and stone is fed directly to the vibratory nose. In opera-
844341 Grids find new uses Fullalove, S New Civ Engr N583, 29 March 1984, PI8 The use of 'Tensar', a molecularly orientated polymer reinforcing grid, is being investigated by laboratory testing and full scale field trials. Rot proof Tensar has already been used in a variety of earthworks stabilizing applications in Britain and North America and cucrcnt research concerns its use in asphalt and cement composites. 844342 Consolidation and soil improvement by vertical drains On Norwegian) Eide, O Norw Geotech lnst Publ N147, 1983, 8P The purpose of vertical drains is to accelerate consolidation settlements and thus reduce long term displacements, and gain shear strength. Different types of drains and their installation methods are described.
Freezing 844343 Optimum distance b e m e n freezing e o l m ~ la shift fin Russian) Belferman, M U Skakhtnoc Strait N6, June 1983, P15-17 The optimum spacing of freezing columns is determined from a mathematical model for rock freezing technology, taking into account parallel operations in the preparation and colliery construction stages. The case studied involves a shaft of 7.8m diameter, a freezing depth of232.gm, a freezing temperature of-20 deg C and an operation period of I 1 months. A review of a number of shafts indicated considerable deviation in the column spacing so that in only one shaft in fifteen was the standard spacing maintained through the whole depth of freezing.