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Growth and optical studies on L-leucine doped ADP single crystals for non-linear optical applications
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Sc cience eDirect t Materialss Today: Proceediings 5 (2018) 89996–9003
www.maaterialstoday.com/pproceedings
ICRAMC_22017
Grow wth and optical sstudies oon L-leuccine dopped ADP P single ccrystals for nnon-lineear opticaal appliccations S. Aruulmani and S. Senthil
*
Deparrtment of Physicss, Govt. Arts Colleege for Men (Autoonomous), Nandaanam, Chennai - 6600 035.
Abstract Ammonium m dehydrogenaate phosphate (A ADP) is one of the most popullar crystals usedd for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. ADP crysttal is of more aappeal due to iits piezo-electric property. AD DP crystals attrract more interrest because off their unique nonlinear ooptical, dielectric and anti-ferrooelectric properrties. The L-Leuucine doped AD DP (LLADP) sinngle crystals weere grown by slow evapooration method at room tempeerature. The Cryystalline naturee of the grown LLADP crystall has been studdied by single crystal anaalysis. A Fourier transform infrrared (FT-IR) sttudy confirms tthe functional ggroups of the cryystals. The secoond harmonic generation efficiency of the crystals w was determinedd by NLO stuudies. The UV V-visible study confirms the wide optical transmittannce window forr the doped cryystals imperativee for optoelectrronics applicatioons. The electriical properties of the grown crystal havve been analyzeed by dielectricc constant and dielectric loss with frequencyy. TGA/DTA analyses a were ccarried out to characterizze the melting bbehaviour and sttability of the tittle compound. © 2017 Elseevier Ltd. All righhts reserved. Selection annd/or Peer-review w under responsibiility of Internationnal Conference On Recent Advancces In Material Chhemistry. Keywords:S Single crystal, FT--IR, NLO, UV-Viisible, Dielectric studies and therm mal analysis.
1. Introdu uction. Ammoonium dihydroogen phosphatte (ADP) is a w well-known aanti-ferroelectrric crystal. The study of AD DP crystal is very interresting in vieew of the dieelectric, piezo--electric and optical propeerties. Growthh and characterization of ammonium m dihydrogenn phosphate (A ADP) crystal iss a favorite toppic to researchhers because oof its unique prroperties
* Corresponnding author.Tel:+ +91-44-2435 10488; fax:+91-44-24331 0589. 0000 E-maill address: ssatom [email protected] 2214-7853© © 2017 Elsevier L Ltd. All rights reseerved. Selection annd/or Peer-review w under responsibiility of Internationnal Conference On Recent Advancces In Material Chhemistry.
S.Arulmani andd S. Senthil/ Mateerials Today: Procceedings 5 (2018)) 8996–9003
8997
and wide applications.. Single crystals of ADP aare used for ffrequency douubling and freequency tripliing of laser d [1,2]. ADP A has beenn the subject systems, ooptical switches in inertial cconfinement fuusion and acouustic-optical devices of a widee variety of innvestigations over o the past decades. Reaasonable studies have been done on the growth and propertiess of pure AD DP. In the lastt few decades, many reseaarchers have tried to found varieties off new NLO materials for laser appllications [3]. N Nonlinear optiical (NLO) m materials play a major role inn information technology and indusstrial applicatiions. L-Leucinne acid dopedd with ADP w will be of speccial interest as a fundamenntal building block to ddevelop complex crystal wiith improved N NLO propertiees. The grownn crystals weree characterizeed by Single crystal, FT TIR, NLO Stuudies, UV-vis spectroscopy,, Dielectric stuudies, and TG//DTA analysiss. 2. Experiimental Detaiils The tittle compoundd of L-Leucinee 0.3% has beeen doped with pure ADP (Ammonium Dihydrogen phosphate). The calcuulated amount of the reactioon was thoroughly dissolvedd in double diistilled water. Then, it was mixed with continuouus stirring for about 5 hourss using a maggnetic stirrer. The T solution w was filtered well w to removee suspended impuritiess and allowed to crystalline by the slow eevaporation tecchnique at rooom temperaturre. After four weeks, w well defined siingle crystal of o LLADP were synthesizedd. The photogrraph of as groown doped LL LADP crystal is shown in Fig .1
F Fig.1.Photograph of as grown single crystal of LLA ADP
3. Result and Discussion. 3.1. Singlle crystal X-ray ay analysis. Single Crystal X-rayy diffraction analysis a of grrown L-Leucinne doped ADP single crysttal was carried out using EnrafNonnius CaD4 X-ray diffractom meter with Mooka radiation of wavelengtth of 0.710733 Å. The obtaained lattice parameterr values and vvolume of grow wn crystal are a=6.499 Å, b=6.487Å, c=66.503Å, α≠β≠γγ=90° and V=211.2Å (3). Further, thhe analysis revveal that the tiitle compoundd belongs to triiclinic crystal system. 3.2. FT-IR R analysis. -1
FT-IR spectra of LL LADP crystal w were recorded in range of 5000-4000cm by b KBr pellet technique. Thhe functional groups ofL LLADP crystalls have been iddentified and itt was shown inn Fig 2. The chharacteristic peaaks of functionnal groups of -1 LLADP arre observed at 3365,242, 16224, 1430, 1301, 1106, 900cm m . The broad bband in the higgh energy regioons is due to -1 the O-H vvibration of watter, P-O-H grooup and N-H viibration of amm monia. The peaks at 1106 annd 900 cm reppresent P-O-1 H vibratioons. The PO4 vvibration gives their peaks att 551 cm [5].. The bending vibration of w water gives it ppeak at 1624 -1 -1 cm in IR R. The peak at 11430 cm is duue to bending vibrations v of am mmonium. Thhe PO4
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S. Arulmani annd S. Senthil/ Matterials Today: Prooceedings 5 (2018) 8996–9003 -1
vibration of the parent is shifted from m 551 cm , w which was connfirm by the ppresence of L--Leucine on thhe lattice of ADP crysstals.
Fig. 2. FT-IR sppectral analysis of o LLADP Crystall
3.3. SHG analysis. Kurtz aand Perry techhniques [6] were employed to measure thhe SHG efficieency of the grrown crystals iin reference with the ppure KDP. In the measurem ment, Q-switchhed Nd:YAG llaser of wavellength 1064nm m of peak pow wer 2.35 mJ, pulse durration 8 ns annd repetition rrate 10Hz waas used. Outpput intensity of o SHG givess relative valuues of NLO efficiencyy of the materiial. The outpuut energies from m the grown sample s and reeference KDP are found to bbe 18.2 mW and 19.6 mW m respectively. It is foundd that the SHG G efficiency iss 1.4 times greeater than that of standard K KDP. 3.4. Lineaar optical studdies. The U UV-Vis absorpption spectrum m of LLADP ccrystals were recorded usinng Perkin Elm mer UV-Vis sppectrometer (Model: Lambda L 35) inn the wavelenggth range of 200-1100 2 nm. Optically polished single ccrystals of thicckness 3mm were usedd for this studyy. The optical absorption sppectrum of the grown crystaal is shown in ffig 3(a). The ooptical band gap energgy value is foound to be 4..9 eVfrom Figg. 3(b). The high transparrency and low w absorption tendency t as observed in LLADP crrystal may serrve advantagee for uv-tunabble lasers and NLO device active in bluee and green spectrum.. The detail annalysis of opttical constantss gives the ideea of optical qquality of crysstal which plaays decisive role in prrocessing, tunning, calibratinng and designning the technnological deviices. Thus, thhe influence of extinction coefficiennt (K), refractiive index (n) aand reflectance (R) of LLAD DP crystal hass been investigated using thhe measured transmittaance data. Thee characteristicc property of m materialto chaange the path oof light when ppassed through a medium is termed as refractive index. The m materials with low refractivee index are reeadily used in holographic data d storage utilities [[7] also, theyy find huge aapplication ass antireflectioon coating maaterial for soolar thermal ddevices [8]. Extinctionn coefficient ggive the referrence of photoon energy. It reveals that tthe optical connductivity inccreases with increase inn photon enerrgy while the rreduced extincction coefficieent of LLADP crystal facilittates less opticcal loss. The LLADP ccrystal with im mproved lineaar optical perfo formance is suuggested as pootential materiial to be utilizzed in NLO device appplications.
S.Arulmani annd S. Senthil/ Mateerials Today: Prooceedings 5 (20188) 8996–9003
Fig.3 (a). UV V-vis absorption oof LLADP Crystall
Fig.3 (b).UV V-vis bandgap of LLADP Crystal
Fig.3 (c). UV V-vis refractive inddex of LLADP
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S. Arulmani annd S. Senthil/ Matterials Today: Prooceedings 5 (2018) 8996–9003
Fiig.3 (d).UV-Vis exxtinction coefficientof LLADP Cryystal
3.5. Dieleectric studies. fetch knowledgge based on thhe electrical The diielectric analysis is an impoortant characteeristic that cann be used to fe propertiess of a materiall as a functionn of frequencyy. Based on thhis analysis, thhe capability oof storing elecctric charges by the maaterial and cappability of trannsferring the eelectric chargee can be assesssed. Dielectricc properties arre correlated with electtro optic propeerty of the crystals particulaarly when theyy are non-condducting materials [9]. Normaally, when a material hhas large dieleectric constantt it requires more voltage inn order to polaarize the dipolees and this maay cause the changes in their refracttive index. Thhe current studdy on L-leucinne doped ADP P crystals shoows that they ppossess low value of ddielectric constant as well as loss. So, itt excludes thee need of poliing of the cryystals for mainntaining the refractive index. The pplots of calculaated values off dielectric connstant and dieelectric loss foor LLADP sinngle crystals shown in fig.4 (a) and 4 (b). It is cleear from figuree that the dieleectric constannt has a stable value in entirre frequency range exccept at low frequency. Highh value of dieelectric constaant in the low w frequency region may bee due to the contributiion from all foour polarizatioons namely, electronic, e ionic, orientationn and space chharge polarizaation and its low valuee at higher freqquency may ddue to the losss of significancce of these poolarizations graadually. From m fig. 4(c), it can be cleearly seen, thaat the value off σac is very low w upto 6.5 MH Hz and increaases with increease of frequenncy and can be explainned on the bassis of frequenccy power law.
Fiig. 4 (a). Dielectriic constant Vs Loog f of LLADP cryystal
S.Arulmani annd S. Senthil/ Mateerials Today: Prooceedings 5 (20188) 8996–9003
9001
Fig. 4. (b). Dieleectric loss Vs Logg f of LLADP crystal
F Fig. 4. (c).A.C. Coonductivity Vs Loog f of LLADP crrystal
3.6. Therrmal analysis. mogravimetricc (TG) and diffferential therm mal analyses The thhermal behaviiour of LLADP was studiedd by the Therm (DTA) reecorded using PerkinElmer Diamond TG G/DTA instrum ment. Fig. 5 shhows the TG-D DTA spectrum m of LLADP crystal. D Differential theermogram anaalysis (DTA) aand Thermogrravimetric anaalysis (TGA) give g informatioon regarding phase traansition and diifferent stages of decomposition of the crrystal system. The thermal aanalyses are uused to found weight loss (TG GA), melting and decompoosition point (D DTA) of the ggrown LLADP P single crystaal. The DTA out the w 0 curve of LLADP has a major endothhermic peak aat 209 C. It ccoincides withh the weight looss in the TGA A trace. The 0 endotherm mic peak at 2209 C represeents the meltinng point of thhe compound. Another impportant observaation is that, there is nno phase transiition and coloour change till the material m melts and this enhances the temperature range r for the utility off the crystal for NLO appplications. It is observed from the litterature that the presence of ‘‘higher decompoosing temperatture doping inccreases the theermal stabilityy of the compoound [10].
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S. Arulmani annd S. Senthil/ Matterials Today: Prooceedings 5 (20188) 8996–9003
Fig. 5. TG-D DTA spectrum of LLADP Crystal
Conclusioon. A noveel organic singgle crystal of L LLADP was grown g from aqqueous solution by the slow evaporation m method. The crystal sttructure was confirmed byy single-crystaal X-ray anallysis and the FTIR trace reveals the presence p of functionall groups. The UV cut-off wavelength w of LLADP crysttal is found to be 250 nm annd the optical band gap is 4.9 eV. Thus, T the influeence of extincction coefficieent (K), refracttive index (n) and reflectannce (R) of LLA ADP crystal has been iinvestigated uusing the meassured transmitttance data. TG GA/DTA confi firms that the ssample is stablle up to 209 °C. The S SHG efficiencyy of LLADP ccrystal is 1.4 tiimes greater thhan that of thee KDP. The loow dielectric cconstant and dielectric loss of LLAD DP at higher frequencies show s that the material is a more suitablee candidate foor nonlinear optical appplication.
References.
[1]
D. Xu and D. Xu,” Jourrnal of Crystal Grrowth, 310 (2008)) 7-9.
[2]
Delciee Zion, ShyamalaD Devarajan, Thayuumanavan, Arunacchalam, Journal oof Crystallization Process and Techhnology. 3 (2013)) 5-8.
[3]
RedrotthuHanumantharaaoa, S. Kalainathaana, G. Bhagavannnarayanab, U. Madhusoodanan, SppectrochemicaAccta A. 103 (2013) 388–399.
[4]
merican Journal off Optics and Photoonics. 2(3) (2014)) 24-27. Sureshh Sagadevan , Am
[5]
S Mohd. A Anisa, M.D. Shirsaatb, S.S. Hussainii , S Spectrochem m. Acta A. 136 (20015) 1243–1248. R.N. Shaikha,
S.Arulmani and S. Senthil/ Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 8996–9003
[6]
A. Silambarasan, P. Rajesh, P. Ramasamy, Spectrochem,Acta A. 134 (2015) 345–349.
[7]
Chuang-Tian Chen, Guang-Zhao Liu, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 16 (1986) 203–243.
[8]
R. Santhakumari, K. Ramamurthi, Spectrochem, Acta A. 78 (2011) 653–659.
[9]
B.C. Hemaraju, M.A. Ahlam, N.Pushpa, K.M. Mahadevan, A.P. Gnana Prakash, Spectrochem,Acta A.15(2015) 1386-1425.
[10] S. Boomadevi, H. P. Mittal and R. Dhansekaran,”Journal of Crystal Growth. 261 (2004) 55-62.
9003
Sc cience eDirect t Materialss Today: Proceediings 5 (2018) 89996–9003
www.maaterialstoday.com/pproceedings
ICRAMC_22017
Grow wth and optical sstudies oon L-leuccine dopped ADP P single ccrystals for nnon-lineear opticaal appliccations S. Aruulmani and S. Senthil
*
Deparrtment of Physicss, Govt. Arts Colleege for Men (Autoonomous), Nandaanam, Chennai - 6600 035.
Abstract Ammonium m dehydrogenaate phosphate (A ADP) is one of the most popullar crystals usedd for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. ADP crysttal is of more aappeal due to iits piezo-electric property. AD DP crystals attrract more interrest because off their unique nonlinear ooptical, dielectric and anti-ferrooelectric properrties. The L-Leuucine doped AD DP (LLADP) sinngle crystals weere grown by slow evapooration method at room tempeerature. The Cryystalline naturee of the grown LLADP crystall has been studdied by single crystal anaalysis. A Fourier transform infrrared (FT-IR) sttudy confirms tthe functional ggroups of the cryystals. The secoond harmonic generation efficiency of the crystals w was determinedd by NLO stuudies. The UV V-visible study confirms the wide optical transmittannce window forr the doped cryystals imperativee for optoelectrronics applicatioons. The electriical properties of the grown crystal havve been analyzeed by dielectricc constant and dielectric loss with frequencyy. TGA/DTA analyses a were ccarried out to characterizze the melting bbehaviour and sttability of the tittle compound. © 2017 Elseevier Ltd. All righhts reserved. Selection annd/or Peer-review w under responsibiility of Internationnal Conference On Recent Advancces In Material Chhemistry. Keywords:S Single crystal, FT--IR, NLO, UV-Viisible, Dielectric studies and therm mal analysis.
1. Introdu uction. Ammoonium dihydroogen phosphatte (ADP) is a w well-known aanti-ferroelectrric crystal. The study of AD DP crystal is very interresting in vieew of the dieelectric, piezo--electric and optical propeerties. Growthh and characterization of ammonium m dihydrogenn phosphate (A ADP) crystal iss a favorite toppic to researchhers because oof its unique prroperties
* Corresponnding author.Tel:+ +91-44-2435 10488; fax:+91-44-24331 0589. 0000 E-maill address: ssatom [email protected] 2214-7853© © 2017 Elsevier L Ltd. All rights reseerved. Selection annd/or Peer-review w under responsibiility of Internationnal Conference On Recent Advancces In Material Chhemistry.
S.Arulmani andd S. Senthil/ Mateerials Today: Procceedings 5 (2018)) 8996–9003
8997
and wide applications.. Single crystals of ADP aare used for ffrequency douubling and freequency tripliing of laser d [1,2]. ADP A has beenn the subject systems, ooptical switches in inertial cconfinement fuusion and acouustic-optical devices of a widee variety of innvestigations over o the past decades. Reaasonable studies have been done on the growth and propertiess of pure AD DP. In the lastt few decades, many reseaarchers have tried to found varieties off new NLO materials for laser appllications [3]. N Nonlinear optiical (NLO) m materials play a major role inn information technology and indusstrial applicatiions. L-Leucinne acid dopedd with ADP w will be of speccial interest as a fundamenntal building block to ddevelop complex crystal wiith improved N NLO propertiees. The grownn crystals weree characterizeed by Single crystal, FT TIR, NLO Stuudies, UV-vis spectroscopy,, Dielectric stuudies, and TG//DTA analysiss. 2. Experiimental Detaiils The tittle compoundd of L-Leucinee 0.3% has beeen doped with pure ADP (Ammonium Dihydrogen phosphate). The calcuulated amount of the reactioon was thoroughly dissolvedd in double diistilled water. Then, it was mixed with continuouus stirring for about 5 hourss using a maggnetic stirrer. The T solution w was filtered well w to removee suspended impuritiess and allowed to crystalline by the slow eevaporation tecchnique at rooom temperaturre. After four weeks, w well defined siingle crystal of o LLADP were synthesizedd. The photogrraph of as groown doped LL LADP crystal is shown in Fig .1
F Fig.1.Photograph of as grown single crystal of LLA ADP
3. Result and Discussion. 3.1. Singlle crystal X-ray ay analysis. Single Crystal X-rayy diffraction analysis a of grrown L-Leucinne doped ADP single crysttal was carried out using EnrafNonnius CaD4 X-ray diffractom meter with Mooka radiation of wavelengtth of 0.710733 Å. The obtaained lattice parameterr values and vvolume of grow wn crystal are a=6.499 Å, b=6.487Å, c=66.503Å, α≠β≠γγ=90° and V=211.2Å (3). Further, thhe analysis revveal that the tiitle compoundd belongs to triiclinic crystal system. 3.2. FT-IR R analysis. -1
FT-IR spectra of LL LADP crystal w were recorded in range of 5000-4000cm by b KBr pellet technique. Thhe functional groups ofL LLADP crystalls have been iddentified and itt was shown inn Fig 2. The chharacteristic peaaks of functionnal groups of -1 LLADP arre observed at 3365,242, 16224, 1430, 1301, 1106, 900cm m . The broad bband in the higgh energy regioons is due to -1 the O-H vvibration of watter, P-O-H grooup and N-H viibration of amm monia. The peaks at 1106 annd 900 cm reppresent P-O-1 H vibratioons. The PO4 vvibration gives their peaks att 551 cm [5].. The bending vibration of w water gives it ppeak at 1624 -1 -1 cm in IR R. The peak at 11430 cm is duue to bending vibrations v of am mmonium. Thhe PO4
8998
S. Arulmani annd S. Senthil/ Matterials Today: Prooceedings 5 (2018) 8996–9003 -1
vibration of the parent is shifted from m 551 cm , w which was connfirm by the ppresence of L--Leucine on thhe lattice of ADP crysstals.
Fig. 2. FT-IR sppectral analysis of o LLADP Crystall
3.3. SHG analysis. Kurtz aand Perry techhniques [6] were employed to measure thhe SHG efficieency of the grrown crystals iin reference with the ppure KDP. In the measurem ment, Q-switchhed Nd:YAG llaser of wavellength 1064nm m of peak pow wer 2.35 mJ, pulse durration 8 ns annd repetition rrate 10Hz waas used. Outpput intensity of o SHG givess relative valuues of NLO efficiencyy of the materiial. The outpuut energies from m the grown sample s and reeference KDP are found to bbe 18.2 mW and 19.6 mW m respectively. It is foundd that the SHG G efficiency iss 1.4 times greeater than that of standard K KDP. 3.4. Lineaar optical studdies. The U UV-Vis absorpption spectrum m of LLADP ccrystals were recorded usinng Perkin Elm mer UV-Vis sppectrometer (Model: Lambda L 35) inn the wavelenggth range of 200-1100 2 nm. Optically polished single ccrystals of thicckness 3mm were usedd for this studyy. The optical absorption sppectrum of the grown crystaal is shown in ffig 3(a). The ooptical band gap energgy value is foound to be 4..9 eVfrom Figg. 3(b). The high transparrency and low w absorption tendency t as observed in LLADP crrystal may serrve advantagee for uv-tunabble lasers and NLO device active in bluee and green spectrum.. The detail annalysis of opttical constantss gives the ideea of optical qquality of crysstal which plaays decisive role in prrocessing, tunning, calibratinng and designning the technnological deviices. Thus, thhe influence of extinction coefficiennt (K), refractiive index (n) aand reflectance (R) of LLAD DP crystal hass been investigated using thhe measured transmittaance data. Thee characteristicc property of m materialto chaange the path oof light when ppassed through a medium is termed as refractive index. The m materials with low refractivee index are reeadily used in holographic data d storage utilities [[7] also, theyy find huge aapplication ass antireflectioon coating maaterial for soolar thermal ddevices [8]. Extinctionn coefficient ggive the referrence of photoon energy. It reveals that tthe optical connductivity inccreases with increase inn photon enerrgy while the rreduced extincction coefficieent of LLADP crystal facilittates less opticcal loss. The LLADP ccrystal with im mproved lineaar optical perfo formance is suuggested as pootential materiial to be utilizzed in NLO device appplications.
S.Arulmani annd S. Senthil/ Mateerials Today: Prooceedings 5 (20188) 8996–9003
Fig.3 (a). UV V-vis absorption oof LLADP Crystall
Fig.3 (b).UV V-vis bandgap of LLADP Crystal
Fig.3 (c). UV V-vis refractive inddex of LLADP
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S. Arulmani annd S. Senthil/ Matterials Today: Prooceedings 5 (2018) 8996–9003
Fiig.3 (d).UV-Vis exxtinction coefficientof LLADP Cryystal
3.5. Dieleectric studies. fetch knowledgge based on thhe electrical The diielectric analysis is an impoortant characteeristic that cann be used to fe propertiess of a materiall as a functionn of frequencyy. Based on thhis analysis, thhe capability oof storing elecctric charges by the maaterial and cappability of trannsferring the eelectric chargee can be assesssed. Dielectricc properties arre correlated with electtro optic propeerty of the crystals particulaarly when theyy are non-condducting materials [9]. Normaally, when a material hhas large dieleectric constantt it requires more voltage inn order to polaarize the dipolees and this maay cause the changes in their refracttive index. Thhe current studdy on L-leucinne doped ADP P crystals shoows that they ppossess low value of ddielectric constant as well as loss. So, itt excludes thee need of poliing of the cryystals for mainntaining the refractive index. The pplots of calculaated values off dielectric connstant and dieelectric loss foor LLADP sinngle crystals shown in fig.4 (a) and 4 (b). It is cleear from figuree that the dieleectric constannt has a stable value in entirre frequency range exccept at low frequency. Highh value of dieelectric constaant in the low w frequency region may bee due to the contributiion from all foour polarizatioons namely, electronic, e ionic, orientationn and space chharge polarizaation and its low valuee at higher freqquency may ddue to the losss of significancce of these poolarizations graadually. From m fig. 4(c), it can be cleearly seen, thaat the value off σac is very low w upto 6.5 MH Hz and increaases with increease of frequenncy and can be explainned on the bassis of frequenccy power law.
Fiig. 4 (a). Dielectriic constant Vs Loog f of LLADP cryystal
S.Arulmani annd S. Senthil/ Mateerials Today: Prooceedings 5 (20188) 8996–9003
9001
Fig. 4. (b). Dieleectric loss Vs Logg f of LLADP crystal
F Fig. 4. (c).A.C. Coonductivity Vs Loog f of LLADP crrystal
3.6. Therrmal analysis. mogravimetricc (TG) and diffferential therm mal analyses The thhermal behaviiour of LLADP was studiedd by the Therm (DTA) reecorded using PerkinElmer Diamond TG G/DTA instrum ment. Fig. 5 shhows the TG-D DTA spectrum m of LLADP crystal. D Differential theermogram anaalysis (DTA) aand Thermogrravimetric anaalysis (TGA) give g informatioon regarding phase traansition and diifferent stages of decomposition of the crrystal system. The thermal aanalyses are uused to found weight loss (TG GA), melting and decompoosition point (D DTA) of the ggrown LLADP P single crystaal. The DTA out the w 0 curve of LLADP has a major endothhermic peak aat 209 C. It ccoincides withh the weight looss in the TGA A trace. The 0 endotherm mic peak at 2209 C represeents the meltinng point of thhe compound. Another impportant observaation is that, there is nno phase transiition and coloour change till the material m melts and this enhances the temperature range r for the utility off the crystal for NLO appplications. It is observed from the litterature that the presence of ‘‘higher decompoosing temperatture doping inccreases the theermal stabilityy of the compoound [10].
9002
S. Arulmani annd S. Senthil/ Matterials Today: Prooceedings 5 (20188) 8996–9003
Fig. 5. TG-D DTA spectrum of LLADP Crystal
Conclusioon. A noveel organic singgle crystal of L LLADP was grown g from aqqueous solution by the slow evaporation m method. The crystal sttructure was confirmed byy single-crystaal X-ray anallysis and the FTIR trace reveals the presence p of functionall groups. The UV cut-off wavelength w of LLADP crysttal is found to be 250 nm annd the optical band gap is 4.9 eV. Thus, T the influeence of extincction coefficieent (K), refracttive index (n) and reflectannce (R) of LLA ADP crystal has been iinvestigated uusing the meassured transmitttance data. TG GA/DTA confi firms that the ssample is stablle up to 209 °C. The S SHG efficiencyy of LLADP ccrystal is 1.4 tiimes greater thhan that of thee KDP. The loow dielectric cconstant and dielectric loss of LLAD DP at higher frequencies show s that the material is a more suitablee candidate foor nonlinear optical appplication.
References.
[1]
D. Xu and D. Xu,” Jourrnal of Crystal Grrowth, 310 (2008)) 7-9.
[2]
Delciee Zion, ShyamalaD Devarajan, Thayuumanavan, Arunacchalam, Journal oof Crystallization Process and Techhnology. 3 (2013)) 5-8.
[3]
RedrotthuHanumantharaaoa, S. Kalainathaana, G. Bhagavannnarayanab, U. Madhusoodanan, SppectrochemicaAccta A. 103 (2013) 388–399.
[4]
merican Journal off Optics and Photoonics. 2(3) (2014)) 24-27. Sureshh Sagadevan , Am
[5]
S Mohd. A Anisa, M.D. Shirsaatb, S.S. Hussainii , S Spectrochem m. Acta A. 136 (20015) 1243–1248. R.N. Shaikha,
S.Arulmani and S. Senthil/ Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 8996–9003
[6]
A. Silambarasan, P. Rajesh, P. Ramasamy, Spectrochem,Acta A. 134 (2015) 345–349.
[7]
Chuang-Tian Chen, Guang-Zhao Liu, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 16 (1986) 203–243.
[8]
R. Santhakumari, K. Ramamurthi, Spectrochem, Acta A. 78 (2011) 653–659.
[9]
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