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Growth of the alveoli and pulmonary arteries in childhood
396
ABsTRAcrs
LOBE WITH EMPHYSEMA. A. Hislop
L. Reid. Thorax 25682690 1970.
and
(November)
A detailed quantitative study of the airways, lung avleoli, and associated pulmonary arteries in three lung specimens removed for clinical lobar emphysema in a 17 day old, a 2 month old, and an 8 month old child disclosed qualitatively and quantitatively normal structures except for a fivefold increase in the number of alveoli. The alveoli were of normal size and shape. A new pathological entity, designated by the authors as “polyalveolar lobe with or without emphysema”, is thus documented. Polyalveolar lobe may cause clinical feature of lobar emphysema in childhood.-W. K. Sieber. GROWTH OF THE ALVEOLI AND PULMONARY ARTERIES IN CHIJ.DH~~D. G. Davies and
L. Reid. Thorax 25:669-681 1970.
(November)
A comprehensive study of the bronchial and vascular anatomy of eight lungs obtained from five children ranging from stillborn to 11 years of age is the basis of this excellent review of the normal growth and development of the pulmonary alveoli and pulmonary arteries of the human lungs. The bronchial tree is developed by the 16th week of intrauterine life. Alveoli, few in number at birth, are saccules which increase in number until 8 years of age and alter contour, surface area, and size, until growth of the chest wall is completed. The greatest increase in the number of alveoli occurs up to 3 years of age. This increase probably occurs by alveolization of the terminal bronchioli. The thick muscular walls of the pulmonary arteries noted at birth rapidly become thinner during the first 2 weeks of life (probably due to dilatation of the pulmonary arteries), and by 4 months of age they are similar to that of an adult. Pulmonary arteries in the neonate are small and few in number with no arterial musculature in the periacinar vessels. In the first few months the pulmonary vessels increase in size without adding muscular tissue. As the multiplication and growth of alveoli occur, thin-walled pulmonary arteries without muscle multiply
slowly. Later muscle gradually extends into become larger in size but multiply more slowly. Later muscle gradually extends into the walls of the arteries in the acinus and the adult anatomical pattern is present at 19 years of age.-W. K. Sieber. EFFECT OF TOLAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE ON SPUTUM VISCOSITY IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS.
E. A. Feather and G. Russell. Thorax 25:732 (November) 1970. Tolaxoline hydrochloride administered to five patients with cystic fibrosis did not differ significantly from a placebo in its effect on sputum viscosity. The authors conclude that they were unable to detect an autonomic effect of the drug on the physical properties of bronchial mucus.-W. K. Sieber. VOLUME PRFS~IJRE RELATIONSOF THE LUNGS OF CHILDREN MEANRED DURING THORACOTOMY. G. C. Fisk and C. W. Deal.
Aust. Paediat. 1970.
J. 6:203-212
(December)
Pulmonary compliance was estimated by direct measurement of the airway pressure in children under 7 years of age during intrathoracic surgery, mainly for congenital cardiac disease. In the 36 patients over 12 months of age the compliance measured at the beginning of operation increased with age, weight, height, and surface area. In the 42 patients under 12 months of age pulmonary compliance was markedly lower in those with very large pulmonary to systemic flow ratios but on excluding this group the compliance of the remainder increased with age, weight, height, and surface area as in the older group of children. In 5 of 14 patients who underwent banding of the pulmonary artery there was a marked increase in compliance measured just after the operation.-]. R. Solomon. MEDIASTINAL MASSES FOLLOWING CORRECTIVE SURGERY FOR CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE. E. Krongrad, G. H. Gunn-
kzugsson, R. H. Feldt, and D. C. McGooh. Mayo Clin. Proc. 45 (November-December) 1970. TWO cases, both I3 years of age, ported in whom mediastinal masses oped subsequent to corrective surgery. In one patient a simple
are redevelcardiac thymic
ABsTRAcrs
LOBE WITH EMPHYSEMA. A. Hislop
L. Reid. Thorax 25682690 1970.
and
(November)
A detailed quantitative study of the airways, lung avleoli, and associated pulmonary arteries in three lung specimens removed for clinical lobar emphysema in a 17 day old, a 2 month old, and an 8 month old child disclosed qualitatively and quantitatively normal structures except for a fivefold increase in the number of alveoli. The alveoli were of normal size and shape. A new pathological entity, designated by the authors as “polyalveolar lobe with or without emphysema”, is thus documented. Polyalveolar lobe may cause clinical feature of lobar emphysema in childhood.-W. K. Sieber. GROWTH OF THE ALVEOLI AND PULMONARY ARTERIES IN CHIJ.DH~~D. G. Davies and
L. Reid. Thorax 25:669-681 1970.
(November)
A comprehensive study of the bronchial and vascular anatomy of eight lungs obtained from five children ranging from stillborn to 11 years of age is the basis of this excellent review of the normal growth and development of the pulmonary alveoli and pulmonary arteries of the human lungs. The bronchial tree is developed by the 16th week of intrauterine life. Alveoli, few in number at birth, are saccules which increase in number until 8 years of age and alter contour, surface area, and size, until growth of the chest wall is completed. The greatest increase in the number of alveoli occurs up to 3 years of age. This increase probably occurs by alveolization of the terminal bronchioli. The thick muscular walls of the pulmonary arteries noted at birth rapidly become thinner during the first 2 weeks of life (probably due to dilatation of the pulmonary arteries), and by 4 months of age they are similar to that of an adult. Pulmonary arteries in the neonate are small and few in number with no arterial musculature in the periacinar vessels. In the first few months the pulmonary vessels increase in size without adding muscular tissue. As the multiplication and growth of alveoli occur, thin-walled pulmonary arteries without muscle multiply
slowly. Later muscle gradually extends into become larger in size but multiply more slowly. Later muscle gradually extends into the walls of the arteries in the acinus and the adult anatomical pattern is present at 19 years of age.-W. K. Sieber. EFFECT OF TOLAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE ON SPUTUM VISCOSITY IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS.
E. A. Feather and G. Russell. Thorax 25:732 (November) 1970. Tolaxoline hydrochloride administered to five patients with cystic fibrosis did not differ significantly from a placebo in its effect on sputum viscosity. The authors conclude that they were unable to detect an autonomic effect of the drug on the physical properties of bronchial mucus.-W. K. Sieber. VOLUME PRFS~IJRE RELATIONSOF THE LUNGS OF CHILDREN MEANRED DURING THORACOTOMY. G. C. Fisk and C. W. Deal.
Aust. Paediat. 1970.
J. 6:203-212
(December)
Pulmonary compliance was estimated by direct measurement of the airway pressure in children under 7 years of age during intrathoracic surgery, mainly for congenital cardiac disease. In the 36 patients over 12 months of age the compliance measured at the beginning of operation increased with age, weight, height, and surface area. In the 42 patients under 12 months of age pulmonary compliance was markedly lower in those with very large pulmonary to systemic flow ratios but on excluding this group the compliance of the remainder increased with age, weight, height, and surface area as in the older group of children. In 5 of 14 patients who underwent banding of the pulmonary artery there was a marked increase in compliance measured just after the operation.-]. R. Solomon. MEDIASTINAL MASSES FOLLOWING CORRECTIVE SURGERY FOR CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE. E. Krongrad, G. H. Gunn-
kzugsson, R. H. Feldt, and D. C. McGooh. Mayo Clin. Proc. 45 (November-December) 1970. TWO cases, both I3 years of age, ported in whom mediastinal masses oped subsequent to corrective surgery. In one patient a simple
are redevelcardiac thymic