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Growth-Promoting Effect of Aureomycin on Turkey Poults
611
RESEARCH NOXES
Enheptin-T than occurred in the nontreated turkeys. The groups receiving 0.05 and 0.025 percent Enheptin-T required 4.19 and 4.09 pounds of feed respectively for each pound of turkey compared to a ratio of 4.33 pounds of feed required per pound of turkey in the group receiving no drug. The average weight of the turkeys appeared to be suppressed in direct proportion to the percentage of the Enheptin-T fed. The group on 0.05 per cent averaged 0.79 of a pound less and the group fed
0.025 per cent averaged .69 of a pound less than the average weight of 16.77 lbs. per bird in the groups receiving no drug. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Thiametroimidine was supplied by Lederle Laboratories, Pearl River, New York. REFERENCE McGregor, J. K., 1949. Observations on the prophylactic value of certain drugs for enterohepatitis infection (blackhead) in turkeys. Canadian J. Comp. Med. 13: 257-261.
GROWTH-PROMOTING EFFECT OF AUREOMYCIN ON TURKEY POULTS E. L. R. STOKSTAD AND T. H. JUKES Lederle Laboratories Division, American Cyanamid Company, Pearl River, New York (Received for publication March 11, 1950)
An "animal protein factor" supplement prepared from Streptomyces aureofaciens fermentations was found to produce growth responses in chicks (Stokstad et al., 1949) and turkeys (McGinnis et al., 1949; Singsen and Matterson, 1949) in excess of the responses produced by vitamin B12. It has now been found that crystalline aureomycin hydrochloride will produce a growth response in turkey poults. White Holland turkey poults were placed on the following diet (McGinnis TABLE 1.—Effects Group no. and no. of poults ( • ) 1(11) 2(11) 3 (10) 4(10) 5(10) 6(11)
7(11)
et al., 1949) at hatching: Ground yellow corn 20, ground wheat 14.5, soybean meal 56, alfalfa meal 2.5, ground limestone 3.5, bone ash 2.8, salt 0.5, vitamins A, D and E in corn oil (Stokstad et al, 1949) 1.0, choline chloride 0.1, manganese sulfate 0.025. Ten or eleven poults were used in each group and the results are shown in Table 1. A considerable number of cases of perosis were noted in all groups. In agreement with previous reports (McGinnis et al., 1949; Patrick, 1949; Singsen and
of vitamin B^ and aureomycin hydrochloride on the growth of turkey poults
Supplement per kilo of diet None 50 microgm. vitamin 50 microgm. vitamin 50 microgm. vitamin 50 microgm. vitamin 100 mg. aureomycin 300 mg. aureomycin
B12 B12+ 30 nig. aureomycin Bi2-j-100 mg. aureomycin B12-j-300 mg. aureomycin
Av. wt. and no. of survivors ( • ) at 4 wks. 378 (11) 399 (11) 491 (10) 453 (10) 493 (8) 445(10) 467 (10)
612
RESEARCH NOTES
Matterson, 1949), little or no response was produced in turkeys by vitamin B i2 . The results show that aureomycin when fed at comparatively low levels in the diet produced a growth response in turkey poults. McGinnis et al. (1949) found that a crude "animal protein factor" supplement prepared from aureomycin mash promoted growth under similar conditions. REFERENCES McGinnis, James, E. L. Stephenson, B. T. Levadie, J. S. Carver, J. A. Garibaldi, K. Ijichi, N. S.
Snell and J. C. Lewis, 1949. Response of chicks and turkey poults to vitamin Bi 2 supplements produced by fermentation with different organisms. Paper presented at Am. Chem. Soc. Meeting, Atlantic City, New Jersey, 42A. Patrick, H., 1949. Personal communication. Singsen, E. P., and L. D. Matterson, 1949. Effects of the animal protein factor on the growth of turkeys and chickens. Report presented at New England Feedmen's Meeting, Connecticut Ag. Exp. Sta. Stokstad, E. L. R., T. H. Jukes, J. V. Pierce, A. C. Page, Jr., and A. L. Franklin, 1949. The multiple nature of the animal protein factor. J. Biol. Chem. 180: 647-654.
EFFECT OF INJECTING VITAMIN B i2 INTO EGGS FROM HENS FED A D I E T LOW IN VITAMIN B12 ORLANDO OLCESE AND J. R. COUCH Departments of Biochemistry and Nutrition and Poultry Husbandry, Texas A. and M. College and Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, Texas (Received for publication March 27, 1950)
During the course of studies on the effect of supplementing a diet low in vitamin B12 with APF concentrates, Olcese, Couch and Layman (1950) observed that the hatchability of eggs from hens fed this diet decreased toward the end of the experimental period (9-10) weeks. This occurred even when 2.5 to 15 grams of such concentrates (equivalent to 2.5 to 40 Mg- B12 activity/kg.) were fed per kg. of diet. About the time these studies were completed crystalline vitamin B i2 was obtained and the present work was initiated to determine the effect of injecting B12 into eggs from hens fed a diet low in Bis. Lillie, Olsen and Bird (1949) presented data which indicated the importance of vitamin B u for reproduction in poultry. EXPERIMENTAL Ten Single Comb White Leghorn hens were used in this test. These birds were in the ninth to tenth month of production and had been used in other nutritional
studies. However, prior to the start of this test they had been fed a practical all-mash diet for seven weeks. The hatchability of eggs from the individual birds ranged from 85 to 100 percent at the beginning of the experiment. The hens were maintained in individual laying cages with raised screen bottoms and were fed diet Al which contained 68 percent sucrose, 22 percent soybean protein (Type M), 3 percent soybean oil, 2 percent fish oil (3,000A-400D) and 5 percent Salts IV. The following vitamins were added in mg. per kg. of diet: thiamine hydrochloride 4; riboflavin 6; calcium pantothenate 15; niacin 100; pyridoxine hydrochloride 4; 2-methyl-l, 4-naphthoquinone 0.5; alpha tocopherol 3; PGA 2; biotin 0.2; and choline chloride 2,000. Also, four grams of glycine and 7.5 grams of DLmethionine were added per kg of diet. The hens were artificially inseminated weekly with pooled semen from New Hampshire cockerels. Eggs were collected
RESEARCH NOXES
Enheptin-T than occurred in the nontreated turkeys. The groups receiving 0.05 and 0.025 percent Enheptin-T required 4.19 and 4.09 pounds of feed respectively for each pound of turkey compared to a ratio of 4.33 pounds of feed required per pound of turkey in the group receiving no drug. The average weight of the turkeys appeared to be suppressed in direct proportion to the percentage of the Enheptin-T fed. The group on 0.05 per cent averaged 0.79 of a pound less and the group fed
0.025 per cent averaged .69 of a pound less than the average weight of 16.77 lbs. per bird in the groups receiving no drug. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Thiametroimidine was supplied by Lederle Laboratories, Pearl River, New York. REFERENCE McGregor, J. K., 1949. Observations on the prophylactic value of certain drugs for enterohepatitis infection (blackhead) in turkeys. Canadian J. Comp. Med. 13: 257-261.
GROWTH-PROMOTING EFFECT OF AUREOMYCIN ON TURKEY POULTS E. L. R. STOKSTAD AND T. H. JUKES Lederle Laboratories Division, American Cyanamid Company, Pearl River, New York (Received for publication March 11, 1950)
An "animal protein factor" supplement prepared from Streptomyces aureofaciens fermentations was found to produce growth responses in chicks (Stokstad et al., 1949) and turkeys (McGinnis et al., 1949; Singsen and Matterson, 1949) in excess of the responses produced by vitamin B12. It has now been found that crystalline aureomycin hydrochloride will produce a growth response in turkey poults. White Holland turkey poults were placed on the following diet (McGinnis TABLE 1.—Effects Group no. and no. of poults ( • ) 1(11) 2(11) 3 (10) 4(10) 5(10) 6(11)
7(11)
et al., 1949) at hatching: Ground yellow corn 20, ground wheat 14.5, soybean meal 56, alfalfa meal 2.5, ground limestone 3.5, bone ash 2.8, salt 0.5, vitamins A, D and E in corn oil (Stokstad et al, 1949) 1.0, choline chloride 0.1, manganese sulfate 0.025. Ten or eleven poults were used in each group and the results are shown in Table 1. A considerable number of cases of perosis were noted in all groups. In agreement with previous reports (McGinnis et al., 1949; Patrick, 1949; Singsen and
of vitamin B^ and aureomycin hydrochloride on the growth of turkey poults
Supplement per kilo of diet None 50 microgm. vitamin 50 microgm. vitamin 50 microgm. vitamin 50 microgm. vitamin 100 mg. aureomycin 300 mg. aureomycin
B12 B12+ 30 nig. aureomycin Bi2-j-100 mg. aureomycin B12-j-300 mg. aureomycin
Av. wt. and no. of survivors ( • ) at 4 wks. 378 (11) 399 (11) 491 (10) 453 (10) 493 (8) 445(10) 467 (10)
612
RESEARCH NOTES
Matterson, 1949), little or no response was produced in turkeys by vitamin B i2 . The results show that aureomycin when fed at comparatively low levels in the diet produced a growth response in turkey poults. McGinnis et al. (1949) found that a crude "animal protein factor" supplement prepared from aureomycin mash promoted growth under similar conditions. REFERENCES McGinnis, James, E. L. Stephenson, B. T. Levadie, J. S. Carver, J. A. Garibaldi, K. Ijichi, N. S.
Snell and J. C. Lewis, 1949. Response of chicks and turkey poults to vitamin Bi 2 supplements produced by fermentation with different organisms. Paper presented at Am. Chem. Soc. Meeting, Atlantic City, New Jersey, 42A. Patrick, H., 1949. Personal communication. Singsen, E. P., and L. D. Matterson, 1949. Effects of the animal protein factor on the growth of turkeys and chickens. Report presented at New England Feedmen's Meeting, Connecticut Ag. Exp. Sta. Stokstad, E. L. R., T. H. Jukes, J. V. Pierce, A. C. Page, Jr., and A. L. Franklin, 1949. The multiple nature of the animal protein factor. J. Biol. Chem. 180: 647-654.
EFFECT OF INJECTING VITAMIN B i2 INTO EGGS FROM HENS FED A D I E T LOW IN VITAMIN B12 ORLANDO OLCESE AND J. R. COUCH Departments of Biochemistry and Nutrition and Poultry Husbandry, Texas A. and M. College and Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, Texas (Received for publication March 27, 1950)
During the course of studies on the effect of supplementing a diet low in vitamin B12 with APF concentrates, Olcese, Couch and Layman (1950) observed that the hatchability of eggs from hens fed this diet decreased toward the end of the experimental period (9-10) weeks. This occurred even when 2.5 to 15 grams of such concentrates (equivalent to 2.5 to 40 Mg- B12 activity/kg.) were fed per kg. of diet. About the time these studies were completed crystalline vitamin B i2 was obtained and the present work was initiated to determine the effect of injecting B12 into eggs from hens fed a diet low in Bis. Lillie, Olsen and Bird (1949) presented data which indicated the importance of vitamin B u for reproduction in poultry. EXPERIMENTAL Ten Single Comb White Leghorn hens were used in this test. These birds were in the ninth to tenth month of production and had been used in other nutritional
studies. However, prior to the start of this test they had been fed a practical all-mash diet for seven weeks. The hatchability of eggs from the individual birds ranged from 85 to 100 percent at the beginning of the experiment. The hens were maintained in individual laying cages with raised screen bottoms and were fed diet Al which contained 68 percent sucrose, 22 percent soybean protein (Type M), 3 percent soybean oil, 2 percent fish oil (3,000A-400D) and 5 percent Salts IV. The following vitamins were added in mg. per kg. of diet: thiamine hydrochloride 4; riboflavin 6; calcium pantothenate 15; niacin 100; pyridoxine hydrochloride 4; 2-methyl-l, 4-naphthoquinone 0.5; alpha tocopherol 3; PGA 2; biotin 0.2; and choline chloride 2,000. Also, four grams of glycine and 7.5 grams of DLmethionine were added per kg of diet. The hens were artificially inseminated weekly with pooled semen from New Hampshire cockerels. Eggs were collected