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Grp rods and profiles
MILLER, W. G. Background to PVC filler selection British Plastics, Vol 42, No i0, pp 99 - 102 (October 1969) A review of filler materials available for P v c at the present time, this article sets out to show the beneficial effects to be obtained by choice of the correct filler b o t h in terms of cost and mechanical properties. It is shown that often detrimental side effects of some fillers, such as plasticizer absorption are not sufficiently appreciated by the user and more care in selection could reduce costs and improve the product. Some useful data in the form of comparative graphs and tables are included in the review. (70/4[43) R A F F , R. A. V. and SHARAN, A. M. Adhesion of metals to polymers 1. Study of interfaces modified by induetire heating Journal o f Applied Polymer Science, Vol 13, No 6, p 1129 (1969) Epoxide resin specimens reinforced with different metals were postcured b y either oven or induction heating for various times and tested for bond strength in order to explain the superior strength properties observed in those composites postcured by the latter method. F o r oven cured specimens the bond strength increases as the stability of the metallic surface oxide decreases since strength is explained by electrical double layer formation while for inductively postcured specimens bond strength increases as metallic oxide stability increases. In this case bonding is a combination of electrical double layer formation and mixed polymer grafting through surface oxygen atoms. (70/4/44) DE RUYTER van STEVNINCK, A. W. and SCHWENCKE, H. F. De Invloed van Toelaatbare Wandspanning en Diameter op de Kostprijs van Kunststofbuizen Plastics, Vol 22, No 10 pp 462 - 468 (November 1969) Taking allowable internal pressure as the yardstick, relative manufactured costs have been calculated for pipe made of p v c , glass fibre/epoxy and glass fibre/polyester, having diameters from 5 0 - 1 0 0 m m and working pressures of 3, 10 and 40 atmospheres. (70/4[45)
188
COMPOSITES March 1970
SCHOMBER, R. W. and GALE, W. R. Causes of variability in hand layup Re -- part 2 Modern Plastics, Vol 46, No 9, pp 152 - 153, 1 5 6 - 160 (September 1969) A fairly exhaustive statistical study of the effect of material and process variables on the variability of mechanical properties of laminates. Reinforcement weight, resin type, catalyst level, glass content and fibre direction are all considered and tables presented showing how variations in these parameters affect the properties of the laminated product (70[4/46) SWAINSIN, J. E. Marketing reinforced plastics in the electrical industry Plastics and Polymers, Vol 37, No 132, pp 533 - 537 (December 1969) Although GRP plays an important part in the electrical industry today little quantitative data on its use can be found, but the author presents what information is currently available. A number of specific applications are described briefly. In conclusion it is suggested that fabricators should be more closely tied to the users of their products and that further specialisation is desirable to finance research and development and ensure adequate return on capital investment. (70[4/47) WANG, T. T. and KWEI, T. K. Effect of induced thermal stresses on the coefficients of thermal expansion and densities of filled polymers. Journal o f Polymer Science, Part A 2 Vol 7, No 5, pp 889 - 896 {1969) A model is presented which allows the thermal stress analysis of a filled polymer microstructure. By allowing for thermal stresses due to differences in thermal expansion of the different phases, an expression is derived for the coefficient of linear expansion as a function of volume fraction filler. This agrees well with previous experimental data. An expression only gives qualitative agreement with existing results. (70/4/48) WYATT, R. C. and ASHBEE, K. H. G. Debonding in carbon fibre/polyester resin composites exposed to water: Comparison with E Glass fibre composites Fibre Science and Technology, Vol 2, No 1, p 29 (July 1969)
The debonding of glass and carbon fibres in polyester resin subjected to water at 20 and 100°C was studied by optical retardation. Resin swelling in boiling water which is sufficient to overcome curing shrinkage and produce tensile stresses at the fibre/resin interfaces is found to cause debonding in both E glass and carbon fibre composites. Resin swelling at 20°C does not cause debonding in carbon fibre composites but is sufficient to produce it where untreated glass fibres are used. The difference in behaviour is attributed to the hydophobic nature of the former surfaces and hydrophilic nature of the latter. (70•4•49)
High speed glass reinforced plastic• polyurethane chain process British Plastics, Vol 42, No 12, pp 105 - 106 (December 1969) A description of a world-wide patented invention which revolutionizes chair manufacture and involves the injection of PU foam into a mould containing a very thin glassfibre reinforced polyester shell. Chair mouldings a l~roduced in 20min and are ready for covering in 24h. (70•4/50)
GRP Rods and Profiles Design Engineering, p 143 (December 1969) Fothergill and Harvey have extended their range of polyester/glass and epoxy/glass rods to include special sections to meet specific customer requirements. These sections will be of interest to general engineering, electrical and chemical industries. The manufacturers claim exceptional dimensional stability in the temperature range - 2 0 0 ° to 150°C for these materials. (70/4/51)
Carbon fibre tapes Design Engineering, p 183 (November 1969) A brief description of the aims of a research programme being carried out by Sellotape Products. Coated and non-coated materials are being examined for adhesion to carbon-fibre composites and other substrates. The coherent, semi-rigid tapes can be wound round a variety of formers and with an appropriate cure cycle yield rigid finished articles having the mechanical properties associated with carbon fibre composites. (70•4•52)
188
COMPOSITES March 1970
SCHOMBER, R. W. and GALE, W. R. Causes of variability in hand layup Re -- part 2 Modern Plastics, Vol 46, No 9, pp 152 - 153, 1 5 6 - 160 (September 1969) A fairly exhaustive statistical study of the effect of material and process variables on the variability of mechanical properties of laminates. Reinforcement weight, resin type, catalyst level, glass content and fibre direction are all considered and tables presented showing how variations in these parameters affect the properties of the laminated product (70[4/46) SWAINSIN, J. E. Marketing reinforced plastics in the electrical industry Plastics and Polymers, Vol 37, No 132, pp 533 - 537 (December 1969) Although GRP plays an important part in the electrical industry today little quantitative data on its use can be found, but the author presents what information is currently available. A number of specific applications are described briefly. In conclusion it is suggested that fabricators should be more closely tied to the users of their products and that further specialisation is desirable to finance research and development and ensure adequate return on capital investment. (70[4/47) WANG, T. T. and KWEI, T. K. Effect of induced thermal stresses on the coefficients of thermal expansion and densities of filled polymers. Journal o f Polymer Science, Part A 2 Vol 7, No 5, pp 889 - 896 {1969) A model is presented which allows the thermal stress analysis of a filled polymer microstructure. By allowing for thermal stresses due to differences in thermal expansion of the different phases, an expression is derived for the coefficient of linear expansion as a function of volume fraction filler. This agrees well with previous experimental data. An expression only gives qualitative agreement with existing results. (70/4/48) WYATT, R. C. and ASHBEE, K. H. G. Debonding in carbon fibre/polyester resin composites exposed to water: Comparison with E Glass fibre composites Fibre Science and Technology, Vol 2, No 1, p 29 (July 1969)
The debonding of glass and carbon fibres in polyester resin subjected to water at 20 and 100°C was studied by optical retardation. Resin swelling in boiling water which is sufficient to overcome curing shrinkage and produce tensile stresses at the fibre/resin interfaces is found to cause debonding in both E glass and carbon fibre composites. Resin swelling at 20°C does not cause debonding in carbon fibre composites but is sufficient to produce it where untreated glass fibres are used. The difference in behaviour is attributed to the hydophobic nature of the former surfaces and hydrophilic nature of the latter. (70•4•49)
High speed glass reinforced plastic• polyurethane chain process British Plastics, Vol 42, No 12, pp 105 - 106 (December 1969) A description of a world-wide patented invention which revolutionizes chair manufacture and involves the injection of PU foam into a mould containing a very thin glassfibre reinforced polyester shell. Chair mouldings a l~roduced in 20min and are ready for covering in 24h. (70•4/50)
GRP Rods and Profiles Design Engineering, p 143 (December 1969) Fothergill and Harvey have extended their range of polyester/glass and epoxy/glass rods to include special sections to meet specific customer requirements. These sections will be of interest to general engineering, electrical and chemical industries. The manufacturers claim exceptional dimensional stability in the temperature range - 2 0 0 ° to 150°C for these materials. (70/4/51)
Carbon fibre tapes Design Engineering, p 183 (November 1969) A brief description of the aims of a research programme being carried out by Sellotape Products. Coated and non-coated materials are being examined for adhesion to carbon-fibre composites and other substrates. The coherent, semi-rigid tapes can be wound round a variety of formers and with an appropriate cure cycle yield rigid finished articles having the mechanical properties associated with carbon fibre composites. (70•4•52)