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Handbook of aerial mapping and photogrammetry
Aug., I95O.]
BOOK REVIEWS
185
used, pH of the solution, concentration, temperature, ionic strength, redox potential, hydrolysis, fluorescence, turbidity etc. are evaluated. Descriptions of available sources and detectors of radiant energy are included. Many specific problems and possible procedures are discussed. An idea of the scope of these chapters is given by their headings which are as follows: Color Comparimeters, Filter Photometers, Spectrophotometers, ultraviolet and visible, Photographic Methods, Applications of Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometric Data, and Speetrophotometers, infrared. The last chapter deals with methods of determining the color of objects by absorptivity. Various systems for the specification of color by matching samples, by spectrophotometric curves and by numbers are explained. RACHEL FRANKLIN HANDBOOKOF AERIALMAPPINGAND PHOTOGRAMMETRY,by Lyle G. Trorey. 178 pages, illustrations, plates, 16 X 25 cm. Cambridge University Press, 1950. Price, $5.00. During the war years the arts of aerial surveys and mapping and photogrammetry saw tremendous development. The former moved from being an auxiliary method to augment ground survey to one of prime importance because of its accuracy and economic features. The subject work is essentially a cartographer's office manual to be used in translating the results of aerial photography to useful maps. The techniques described were devised, in many cases, to solve specific problems of military mapping encountered in the Northwest European Theater in World War II. Photogrammetry involves the determination of the spatial coordinates of a point by means of two or more photographs containing it. The techniques for this reduction are based upon rules and theorems primarily from perspective geometry. Following an introduction of the basic theory, methods are described for measuring angles from oblique photographs to determine the apparent and true horizon and azimuth and depression. Succeeding chapters develop the methods of: the perspective grid and the four point method to extend ground and minor control points, the measurement of height from single oblique photographs; stereoscopy, to map from a single overlap of a pair of verticals; contouring; radial line triangulations; and rectification, to correct for tilt. In all cases, little theory is presented, this being introduced in the explanations which accompany the descriptive examples. The author was responsible for devising and putting into practice variations in many phases of the art of photogrammetry different from the rigid mathematical transformations used previous to the war. These are described with the aid of sketches and worked out examples. Several plotting machines are described, their theory of operation presented, and instructions are given for their use. Included are: the Burns plotter, which plots planimetric detail directly without calculation, from a single oblique of flat country; slotted templates machines, for radial line triangulation; rectification machines; the stereoscopic plotter, which plots a map from a pair of photographs; and the multiplex projectors. The book closes with a review of the standard mapping procedure used by the Royal Canadian Engineers. The specialized nature of the manual will restrict its use to a small readership. Individuals who are in any way concerned with air survey mapping operations, however, will find it helpful because of the explanation of the technical processes of deriving a finished map or plan from original air photography. S. CHARP INTRODUCTIONTO THEORETICALAND EXPERIMENTALOPTICS, by Joseph Valasek. 454 pages, illustrations, 14 X 22 cm. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1949. Price, $6.50. This book was written primarily as a text to be used in optics courses for advanced undergraduate and first year graduate students. It consists of four parts entitled: geometrical optics, physical optics, radiationand spectra and experimental optics. In the part on geometrical optics the author includes those topics which can be adequately treated if light is thought of as consisting of independent rays which obey the experimentally observed laws of reflection and refraction. This section is well organized and clearly written. It includes discussions of ideal optical systems and the lens aberrations which place physical
BOOK REVIEWS
185
used, pH of the solution, concentration, temperature, ionic strength, redox potential, hydrolysis, fluorescence, turbidity etc. are evaluated. Descriptions of available sources and detectors of radiant energy are included. Many specific problems and possible procedures are discussed. An idea of the scope of these chapters is given by their headings which are as follows: Color Comparimeters, Filter Photometers, Spectrophotometers, ultraviolet and visible, Photographic Methods, Applications of Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometric Data, and Speetrophotometers, infrared. The last chapter deals with methods of determining the color of objects by absorptivity. Various systems for the specification of color by matching samples, by spectrophotometric curves and by numbers are explained. RACHEL FRANKLIN HANDBOOKOF AERIALMAPPINGAND PHOTOGRAMMETRY,by Lyle G. Trorey. 178 pages, illustrations, plates, 16 X 25 cm. Cambridge University Press, 1950. Price, $5.00. During the war years the arts of aerial surveys and mapping and photogrammetry saw tremendous development. The former moved from being an auxiliary method to augment ground survey to one of prime importance because of its accuracy and economic features. The subject work is essentially a cartographer's office manual to be used in translating the results of aerial photography to useful maps. The techniques described were devised, in many cases, to solve specific problems of military mapping encountered in the Northwest European Theater in World War II. Photogrammetry involves the determination of the spatial coordinates of a point by means of two or more photographs containing it. The techniques for this reduction are based upon rules and theorems primarily from perspective geometry. Following an introduction of the basic theory, methods are described for measuring angles from oblique photographs to determine the apparent and true horizon and azimuth and depression. Succeeding chapters develop the methods of: the perspective grid and the four point method to extend ground and minor control points, the measurement of height from single oblique photographs; stereoscopy, to map from a single overlap of a pair of verticals; contouring; radial line triangulations; and rectification, to correct for tilt. In all cases, little theory is presented, this being introduced in the explanations which accompany the descriptive examples. The author was responsible for devising and putting into practice variations in many phases of the art of photogrammetry different from the rigid mathematical transformations used previous to the war. These are described with the aid of sketches and worked out examples. Several plotting machines are described, their theory of operation presented, and instructions are given for their use. Included are: the Burns plotter, which plots planimetric detail directly without calculation, from a single oblique of flat country; slotted templates machines, for radial line triangulation; rectification machines; the stereoscopic plotter, which plots a map from a pair of photographs; and the multiplex projectors. The book closes with a review of the standard mapping procedure used by the Royal Canadian Engineers. The specialized nature of the manual will restrict its use to a small readership. Individuals who are in any way concerned with air survey mapping operations, however, will find it helpful because of the explanation of the technical processes of deriving a finished map or plan from original air photography. S. CHARP INTRODUCTIONTO THEORETICALAND EXPERIMENTALOPTICS, by Joseph Valasek. 454 pages, illustrations, 14 X 22 cm. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1949. Price, $6.50. This book was written primarily as a text to be used in optics courses for advanced undergraduate and first year graduate students. It consists of four parts entitled: geometrical optics, physical optics, radiationand spectra and experimental optics. In the part on geometrical optics the author includes those topics which can be adequately treated if light is thought of as consisting of independent rays which obey the experimentally observed laws of reflection and refraction. This section is well organized and clearly written. It includes discussions of ideal optical systems and the lens aberrations which place physical