- Email: [email protected]
Handbook of scales for research in crime and delinquency
Journal of Cn’minal Jusrice, Vol. 1 I, pp. 569-575 Pergamon Press. Printed in U.S.A.
CURRENT
(1983) Copyright
PUBLICATIONS
0047-2352/x3 $3.00 + .oo 0 1983 Pergamon Press Ltd.
ABSTRACTS
Olga S. Burn
Police at Bennett.
Work
Sage Publications, Drive, Beverly 1983, 168 pp., cover-$8.95.
edited
by
Richard
R.
Inc. (275 South Beverly Hills, California 90212)) hardcover-$20.00, soft-
the community. The conceptual basis of service determination is investigated. The volume contains seven chapters that are divided into three parts: Police Performance, Stress and Attrition, and Police and the Community. Each part begins with an introduction by the editor. Part One contains three chapters that focus on police performance. Mclver and Parks identify effective and ineffective police actions involved with evaluating police performance. Mastrofski examines police knowledge of the patrol beat as a performance measure. Allen and Maxfield discuss views and behavior of patrol officers as measurements of police performance. Stress, in an article by Russo, Engel, and Hatting, and attrition, in an article by Sparger and Giacopassi, are covered in Part Two. Police and Community, Part Three, presents articles on police services by Scott and Percy, and the effects of police response time by Cordner, Greene, and Bynum. Footnotes and references accompany each article. (OSB)
A new awareness of police service delivery has been generated by the current national economic situation that is affecting budgetary processes and by the mounting evidence that the criminal justice system and the police have failed in their mission to curb crime and control lawlessness. Among the research questions being asked in the 1980s is, How can the working environment of police be modified to optimize the delivery of police services? This volume, as part of “The Perspectives in Criminal Justice Series,” focuses on the police working environment, the constellation of operational structures and processes that determine the extent and quality of police service delivery. First, the issues are examined from the perspective of the workers and their ability to perform. In this regard, the impact of job stress and its affect on attrition, and performance measurement Handbook of Scales for Research in Crime and the analysis of the reward structure are and Delinquency by Stanley L. Brodsky and issues presented. Secondly, the working H. O’Neal Smitherman. environment as it affects the delivery of Plenum Publishing Corporation (223 Spring crime-related services is discussed. The Street, New York, New York 10013), 1983, structures and processes of certain services 615 pp., hardcover-$42.50, 20% higher suggest a priority ranking of services and outside the U.S. and Canada. determine the speed of service delivery to 569
570
CURRENT
PUBLICATIONS
This is a major reference work that collects more than 380 scales currently used in research into crime, law, justice, corrections, and delinquency. Types of scales included are attitude scales, behavior ratings, predictive instruments, milieu ratings, personality measures, and descriptive scales. Information about scale development, characteristics, administration, scoring, norms, reliability, and validity is given. Discussion on scale needs and utilization, and ethical issues and the protection of human subjects is also given. The volume has 12 chapters, a bibliography, and index. (GSB)
The Making of an Inmate: Prison as a Way of Life by Ann Cordilia. Schenkman Publishing Company (3 Mt. Auburn Place, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138), 1983, 133 pp., hardcover-$15.25, softcover-$8.95. Drawing upon the criminological research of both Goffman’s desocialization-in-prison approach and the prison subculture literature, this study of 32 men explores the range of changes that inmates undergo in response to being in prison and how these changes affect inmates’ reentry into society. Part One, The Inmate in Prison, focuses on prison as a total institution that desocializes by depriving adults of access to their conventional adult roles and resocializes by making adults learn new ways of behavior in order to survive. The five areas of focus, based upon inmate interview, are: (1) dependency on the prison system to order their lives and provide for their material needs, (2) living with other convicts, (3) being cut off from friends and family outside prison, (4) being cut off from work outside prison, and (5) having limited access to drugs and alcohol. Each problem area is discussed separately. The author pursues Goffman’s premise that inmates are not consistent in their choice of adaptation and combine adaptation as necessary or convenient. In Part Two, Reentry of the Ex-convict into Society, the inmates’ postrelease behav-
ABSTRACTS
ior is studied in relation to the changes they have undergone in prison. The prison subculture literature hypothesizes that the exinmate retains the prison subculture after release and this influences recidivism or disrupts personality so that a successful reentry into the community is not possible. It is unclear how prison subculture does affect recidivism or genera1 adjustment of the ex-convict. What is known, however, is that prison teaches certain skills that impede life as an independent citizen. The author focuses her research on prison skill learning for four central aspects of reentry: (1) structuring a life, (2) resuming work roles, (3) interacting with people, and (4) controlling alcohol and drug use. Notes on methodology, chapter notes, and a bibliography complete the volume. (OSB)
Expert Witness Checklists ner.
by Douglas
Dan-
The Lawyers Co-Operative Publishing Co. (Aqueduct Building, Rochester, New York 14694), 1983, 901 pp., hardcover-$59.50. The text opens with a listing by state of statutes and rules governing the use of expert witnesses. The three chapters that follow provide counsel with checklists that develop the importance of the role played by experts and expert witnesses and an understanding of their most advantageous use at every stage of litigation. The checklists are organized in discrete sections that represent distinct phases of counsel’s potential involvement with one or more experts. The sections follow a chronological order that represents the course of an actual lawsuit. Chapter 1 gives the general use of the expert witness. Introduced by an overview, the chapter discusses all aspects of counsel’s and opposing party’s expert witnesses: deciding to use and locating and selecting the expert witness; pretrial use and preliminary conference with the expert witness; pretrial discovery and preparation of counsel’s expert witness, as well as deposition of the
CURRENT
(1983) Copyright
PUBLICATIONS
0047-2352/x3 $3.00 + .oo 0 1983 Pergamon Press Ltd.
ABSTRACTS
Olga S. Burn
Police at Bennett.
Work
Sage Publications, Drive, Beverly 1983, 168 pp., cover-$8.95.
edited
by
Richard
R.
Inc. (275 South Beverly Hills, California 90212)) hardcover-$20.00, soft-
the community. The conceptual basis of service determination is investigated. The volume contains seven chapters that are divided into three parts: Police Performance, Stress and Attrition, and Police and the Community. Each part begins with an introduction by the editor. Part One contains three chapters that focus on police performance. Mclver and Parks identify effective and ineffective police actions involved with evaluating police performance. Mastrofski examines police knowledge of the patrol beat as a performance measure. Allen and Maxfield discuss views and behavior of patrol officers as measurements of police performance. Stress, in an article by Russo, Engel, and Hatting, and attrition, in an article by Sparger and Giacopassi, are covered in Part Two. Police and Community, Part Three, presents articles on police services by Scott and Percy, and the effects of police response time by Cordner, Greene, and Bynum. Footnotes and references accompany each article. (OSB)
A new awareness of police service delivery has been generated by the current national economic situation that is affecting budgetary processes and by the mounting evidence that the criminal justice system and the police have failed in their mission to curb crime and control lawlessness. Among the research questions being asked in the 1980s is, How can the working environment of police be modified to optimize the delivery of police services? This volume, as part of “The Perspectives in Criminal Justice Series,” focuses on the police working environment, the constellation of operational structures and processes that determine the extent and quality of police service delivery. First, the issues are examined from the perspective of the workers and their ability to perform. In this regard, the impact of job stress and its affect on attrition, and performance measurement Handbook of Scales for Research in Crime and the analysis of the reward structure are and Delinquency by Stanley L. Brodsky and issues presented. Secondly, the working H. O’Neal Smitherman. environment as it affects the delivery of Plenum Publishing Corporation (223 Spring crime-related services is discussed. The Street, New York, New York 10013), 1983, structures and processes of certain services 615 pp., hardcover-$42.50, 20% higher suggest a priority ranking of services and outside the U.S. and Canada. determine the speed of service delivery to 569
570
CURRENT
PUBLICATIONS
This is a major reference work that collects more than 380 scales currently used in research into crime, law, justice, corrections, and delinquency. Types of scales included are attitude scales, behavior ratings, predictive instruments, milieu ratings, personality measures, and descriptive scales. Information about scale development, characteristics, administration, scoring, norms, reliability, and validity is given. Discussion on scale needs and utilization, and ethical issues and the protection of human subjects is also given. The volume has 12 chapters, a bibliography, and index. (GSB)
The Making of an Inmate: Prison as a Way of Life by Ann Cordilia. Schenkman Publishing Company (3 Mt. Auburn Place, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138), 1983, 133 pp., hardcover-$15.25, softcover-$8.95. Drawing upon the criminological research of both Goffman’s desocialization-in-prison approach and the prison subculture literature, this study of 32 men explores the range of changes that inmates undergo in response to being in prison and how these changes affect inmates’ reentry into society. Part One, The Inmate in Prison, focuses on prison as a total institution that desocializes by depriving adults of access to their conventional adult roles and resocializes by making adults learn new ways of behavior in order to survive. The five areas of focus, based upon inmate interview, are: (1) dependency on the prison system to order their lives and provide for their material needs, (2) living with other convicts, (3) being cut off from friends and family outside prison, (4) being cut off from work outside prison, and (5) having limited access to drugs and alcohol. Each problem area is discussed separately. The author pursues Goffman’s premise that inmates are not consistent in their choice of adaptation and combine adaptation as necessary or convenient. In Part Two, Reentry of the Ex-convict into Society, the inmates’ postrelease behav-
ABSTRACTS
ior is studied in relation to the changes they have undergone in prison. The prison subculture literature hypothesizes that the exinmate retains the prison subculture after release and this influences recidivism or disrupts personality so that a successful reentry into the community is not possible. It is unclear how prison subculture does affect recidivism or genera1 adjustment of the ex-convict. What is known, however, is that prison teaches certain skills that impede life as an independent citizen. The author focuses her research on prison skill learning for four central aspects of reentry: (1) structuring a life, (2) resuming work roles, (3) interacting with people, and (4) controlling alcohol and drug use. Notes on methodology, chapter notes, and a bibliography complete the volume. (OSB)
Expert Witness Checklists ner.
by Douglas
Dan-
The Lawyers Co-Operative Publishing Co. (Aqueduct Building, Rochester, New York 14694), 1983, 901 pp., hardcover-$59.50. The text opens with a listing by state of statutes and rules governing the use of expert witnesses. The three chapters that follow provide counsel with checklists that develop the importance of the role played by experts and expert witnesses and an understanding of their most advantageous use at every stage of litigation. The checklists are organized in discrete sections that represent distinct phases of counsel’s potential involvement with one or more experts. The sections follow a chronological order that represents the course of an actual lawsuit. Chapter 1 gives the general use of the expert witness. Introduced by an overview, the chapter discusses all aspects of counsel’s and opposing party’s expert witnesses: deciding to use and locating and selecting the expert witness; pretrial use and preliminary conference with the expert witness; pretrial discovery and preparation of counsel’s expert witness, as well as deposition of the