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Health Literacy Tests for Iraqi Patients
Abstracts / Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 10 (2014) e1–e64 believing written instructions are unnecessary if the consumer had been informed orally, and discomfort in questioning and counselling consumers seeking emergency contraception. Data indicate that staff centered their behaviors on beliefs, perceptions and past experiences rather than factual knowledge. Conclusions: Our study suggests that pharmacy staff needs to be encouraged to engage in effective communication with consumers, to ascertain their needs and wishes pertaining to OTC medicines. Fostering Interprofessional Communication with Pharmacy and Nursing Students A.M.H. Chen1, M.E. Kiersma2, C.N. Keib3, S. Cailor1, 1 School of Pharmacy, Cedarville University, Cedarville, OH, 2College of Pharmacy, Manchester University, Manchester, OH, 3School of Nursing, Cedarville University, Cedarville, OH To evaluate pharmacy and nursing student self-perceptions of confidence in interprofessional communication skills (IPC) as well as faculty member perceptions of actual skills. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal interprofessional experience was implemented with first professional year pharmacy and third-year bachelors’ nursing students enrolled in semester-long, required research courses. Students participated in two large group sessions, which included IPC pre-readings, icebreakers, an active-learning lecture to address discipline-specific stereotypes and IPC, and role-playing case scenarios to incorporate IPC skills. In the discipline-specific courses, nursing faculty discussed nursing research with pharmacy students, and vice-versa. Finally, students participated in a poster session, presenting their semester-long course projects to small groups of nursing and pharmacy students and faculty. An instrument was developed using peer-reviewed literature and expert opinion to assess IPC skills (4 questions, Likert-type), with the student version assessing self-confidence in IPC (1¼Not at all, 5¼Extremely confident) and the faculty version assessing actual IPC (1¼Strongly disagree, 5¼Strongly agree). Instruments were completed at the end of the poster session, and faculty had previously been trained on IPC and instrument utilization. Descriptive and non-parametric (Mann-Whitney U test) analyses were performed, with an a priori a¼0.05. Results: Students (N¼47 pharmacy, 110 nursing) and faculty (N¼10 pharmacy, 10 nursing) participated in the poster session. Most students were very or extremely confident regarding their IPC skills (4 questions, R86%), with no significant differences between pharmacy and nursing students (pO0.05). Most faculty agreed or strongly agreed that students presented well to an interprofessional audience (4 questions, R93% faculty), with no significant differences by student major or faculty discipline (pO0.05). Conclusions: After graduation, health professionals are often involved in interdisciplinary teams; however, many
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are not educated in a collaborative learning environment. Integrating structured activities offers opportunities to improve communication between healthcare practitioners and modify attitudes and perceptions. Health Literacy Tests for Iraqi Patients A.A. Al-Jumaili1, M.D. Al-Rekaby2, B. Sorofman1, 1The University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, IA, USA, 2University of Kufa College of Pharmacy, Al-Najaf, Iraq The aims were to measure for the first time the health literacy level of Iraqis, to explore the use of standardized health literacy tests for Iraqis and to investigate whether there is relationship between the participant characteristics and the health literacy level. Methods: A convenience sample of 97 Iraqis was studied in five community pharmacies in Al-Najaf and Babylon governorates, Iraq from September 2013 to February 2014. Health literacy tests were translated and printed in the Arabic language. These were S-TOFHLA, NVS and SILS. Basic demographic information was collected. Results: Ninety seven subjects participated in this study, 42 females and 55 males. The average age was 27.2(9.67) years, range (14-60) years old. The participants were divided into three groups, (14-24), (25-35) and (36-60) years accounting for 46.39, 37.11 and 16.49 % of study sample, respectively. They were categorized by education, less than middle school (13.79 %), completed middle school (31.03 %), completed high school (31.03 %), and some college (24.14 %). SILS indicated that 76% of participants had limited reading ability (chose sometimes, often or always). The NVS test results showed that 17.05% of participants had probably inadequate, 46.59% had possibly inadequate and 36.36% had adequate health literacy. According to S-TOFHLA test, 8.42, 7.37 and 84.21 % of participants had inadequate, marginal and adequate health literacy respectively. Conclusions: In this sample, there was no statistically significant correlation between age, gender and educational and health literacy level. SILS could not reflect the accurate level of literacy because it has only one subjective, possibly culturally biased question. Since Iraqis are not use to read product labels, eight out of 97 participants refused to answer the NVS test. S-TOFHLA was the most comprehensive test because it measures both reading and calculation abilities besides almost all ( 95) participants answered this test completely.
How Challenging Are Branded Medicines in Portugal? A Linguistic Evaluation of Brand Names A. Cavaco, C. Pires, M. Viga´rio Medicine names must be not only easily memorized, but also not confusing to patients. The main aim of this study was to evaluate in a set of Portuguese medicines’
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are not educated in a collaborative learning environment. Integrating structured activities offers opportunities to improve communication between healthcare practitioners and modify attitudes and perceptions. Health Literacy Tests for Iraqi Patients A.A. Al-Jumaili1, M.D. Al-Rekaby2, B. Sorofman1, 1The University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, IA, USA, 2University of Kufa College of Pharmacy, Al-Najaf, Iraq The aims were to measure for the first time the health literacy level of Iraqis, to explore the use of standardized health literacy tests for Iraqis and to investigate whether there is relationship between the participant characteristics and the health literacy level. Methods: A convenience sample of 97 Iraqis was studied in five community pharmacies in Al-Najaf and Babylon governorates, Iraq from September 2013 to February 2014. Health literacy tests were translated and printed in the Arabic language. These were S-TOFHLA, NVS and SILS. Basic demographic information was collected. Results: Ninety seven subjects participated in this study, 42 females and 55 males. The average age was 27.2(9.67) years, range (14-60) years old. The participants were divided into three groups, (14-24), (25-35) and (36-60) years accounting for 46.39, 37.11 and 16.49 % of study sample, respectively. They were categorized by education, less than middle school (13.79 %), completed middle school (31.03 %), completed high school (31.03 %), and some college (24.14 %). SILS indicated that 76% of participants had limited reading ability (chose sometimes, often or always). The NVS test results showed that 17.05% of participants had probably inadequate, 46.59% had possibly inadequate and 36.36% had adequate health literacy. According to S-TOFHLA test, 8.42, 7.37 and 84.21 % of participants had inadequate, marginal and adequate health literacy respectively. Conclusions: In this sample, there was no statistically significant correlation between age, gender and educational and health literacy level. SILS could not reflect the accurate level of literacy because it has only one subjective, possibly culturally biased question. Since Iraqis are not use to read product labels, eight out of 97 participants refused to answer the NVS test. S-TOFHLA was the most comprehensive test because it measures both reading and calculation abilities besides almost all ( 95) participants answered this test completely.
How Challenging Are Branded Medicines in Portugal? A Linguistic Evaluation of Brand Names A. Cavaco, C. Pires, M. Viga´rio Medicine names must be not only easily memorized, but also not confusing to patients. The main aim of this study was to evaluate in a set of Portuguese medicines’