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Heavy metal toxicants in areca nut-containing products
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Abstracts
exon 7 (882 T to C) which may be introduced as Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and no mutation was identified in exon 15. Conclusion: It seems that FGFR3 gene mutation in exon 7 and 15 has no significant role in the development and progression of OSCC. Analyzing other exons or considering other advanced gene mutation assessment techniques may clarify the role of this receptor mutation in OSCC pathogenesis.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF TUMOR-NEGATIVE LYMPH NODES FROM PATIENTS WITH ORAL CANCER ARE PREDCITORS OF CLINICAL OUTCOMES Vered M, Schiby G, Salo T, Bello I, Schnaiderman-Shapiro A, Buchner A, Dayan D Background/objective: to investigate tumor-negative (TN) lymph nodes (LNs) from patients with oral cancer in order to identify potential tumor-related histopathological changes and their association with clinical outcomes. Study design: H&E-stained slides of 766 selected TN-LNs were assessed for the histopathological parameters of capsule thickness, degree of dilatation of the subcapsular and medullary sinuses, and percent of reactive follicles for their potential to predict metastasis, recurrence and survival using a three-step procedure to combine the information of each parameter in one numeric variable and the logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard model. Results: the capsule thickness was a predictor of metastases (P⫽0.0028) and survival (P⫽0.0094), capsular sinus and medullary sinus were predictors of metastases (P⫽0.0246, P⫽0.0062, respectively) and of survival (P⫽0.0130, P⫽0.0105, respectively). The percent of reactive follicles was a predictor for survival (P⫽0.0041). Conclusion: Routine histopathological parameters of TNLNs are valuable predictors for survival in patients with oral cancer.
UNSUSPICIOUS AREAS IN ACTINIC CHEILITIS Marques YMFS1, Andrade CR1, Viera EH2, Gabrielli MFR2, Navarro CM2, Massucato EMS2 - 1UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA - UNESP (FOAR) - FISIOLOGIA E PATOLOGIA, 2UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA - UNESP (FOAR) - DIAGNÓSTICO E CIRURGIA The actinic cheilitis (AC) comprises a pre-malignant condition that may progress to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), for this reason careful attention should be given to AC analysis and treatment. Two cases of ACs were analysed and histopathological findings of surgical specimens of vermilionectomies were compared with initial biopsy and clinical aspects. In both cases, the histopathological findings of incisional biopsy demonstrated moderate dysplasias; however the vermilionectomies specimens, sectioned every 3 mm, exhibited areas with different grades of severity, including microinvasive SCC, severe and mild dysplasia even far from the biopsied area. These findings showed that cases of ACs may bear severe histopathological changes even in unsuspicious areas of clinical changes; in addition, the result of incisional biopsy could not represent the most important site of malignant changes. Do the histopathological changes always produce clinical expression? Should vermilionectomies be performed in moderate and severe dysplasia? Financial support: Univ Estadual Paulista, Fundunesp (00472/12-DFP).
October 2012 IMMUNOREGULATORY CELLS IN ORAL LICHEN PLANUS Firth FA1, Friedlander LT1, Parachuru P1, Kardos TB1, Rich AM1, Seymour GJ1 - 1FACULTY OF DENTISTRY, UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of two regulatory T-cell subsets: T regulatory cells (Tregs, FoxP3⫹) and Th17 cells (IL-17⫹), in the regulation of oral lichen planus (OLP). Study design: 12 archival cases of non-specific oral mucosal inflammation and 17 OLP cases were processed for immunohistochemistry and double-labeled immunofluorescence with antibodies to FoxP3, IL-17 and CD3. Every second high power field in the superficial connective tissue was photographed and the number of positively stained cells per defined area determined. Results: OLP displayed significantly more FoxP3⫹ cells (OLP 79.3; control 20.6 ⫹ve cells/area, p⫽6.45x10⫺17) and fewer IL-17⫹ (OLP 1.05; control 3.30 ⫹ve cells/area, p⫽2.95x10⫺4) cells than the controls. Double-labeled IF showed that FoxP3⫹ cells co-localised with T cells, while IL-17⫹ cells did not. Conclusion: The profile of Tregs and Th17 cells differs in OLP compared with non-specific inflammation, supporting the concept of their involvement in the regulation of OLP.
HEAVY METAL TOXICANTS IN ARECA NUT-CONTAINING PRODUCTS Cox SC1, Dyer J, Lau S1, Minard L1, Arora M1 - 1UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY Objectives: This study sought to determine the concentration of heavy metal toxins in areca nut products used in regions with a high incidence of oral cancer. Areca nut products are associated with oral mucosal disorders including leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Although the alkaloids within the nut are known to be responsible for many of these effects, heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium and chromium, have been shown to be carcinogenic. Study design: Fifteen areca nut products were sourced in Sydney, Australia. The concentration of metals was determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results: Arsenic, cadmium and mercury levels were 4 – 82 times above the maximum standards set by Food Standards Australia and New Zealand with copper, lead and zinc levels at the maximum set by these same standards. Conclusion: Significant concentration and possibly harmful levels of the heavy metals present in areca nut products.
COMPARISON OF PROTEOMIC PROFILES IN VX2 INDUCED RABBITS AND DMBA INDUCED HAMSTER OSCC LM Lin1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 - 1KAOHSIUNG MEDICAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL - SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY, 2LI-MIN LIN - DEPARTMENTS OF ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL IMAGING CENTER, 3YAN-HSIUNG WANG - SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY, 4YU-WEN CHEN - DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE, 5SHIH-HSIEN CHEN - DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY, 6CHING-YI CHEN - DEPARTMENT OF ORAL PATHOLOGY, 7WEN-CHEN WANG DEPARTMENT OF ORAL PATHOLOGY, 8YUK-KWAN CHEN - DEPARTMENT OF ORAL PATHOLOGY Background/objective: The purpose of study is to use proteomic analysis in VX2 induced rabbit and DMBA induced hamster OSCC to observe the difference between early and late
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Abstracts
exon 7 (882 T to C) which may be introduced as Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and no mutation was identified in exon 15. Conclusion: It seems that FGFR3 gene mutation in exon 7 and 15 has no significant role in the development and progression of OSCC. Analyzing other exons or considering other advanced gene mutation assessment techniques may clarify the role of this receptor mutation in OSCC pathogenesis.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF TUMOR-NEGATIVE LYMPH NODES FROM PATIENTS WITH ORAL CANCER ARE PREDCITORS OF CLINICAL OUTCOMES Vered M, Schiby G, Salo T, Bello I, Schnaiderman-Shapiro A, Buchner A, Dayan D Background/objective: to investigate tumor-negative (TN) lymph nodes (LNs) from patients with oral cancer in order to identify potential tumor-related histopathological changes and their association with clinical outcomes. Study design: H&E-stained slides of 766 selected TN-LNs were assessed for the histopathological parameters of capsule thickness, degree of dilatation of the subcapsular and medullary sinuses, and percent of reactive follicles for their potential to predict metastasis, recurrence and survival using a three-step procedure to combine the information of each parameter in one numeric variable and the logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard model. Results: the capsule thickness was a predictor of metastases (P⫽0.0028) and survival (P⫽0.0094), capsular sinus and medullary sinus were predictors of metastases (P⫽0.0246, P⫽0.0062, respectively) and of survival (P⫽0.0130, P⫽0.0105, respectively). The percent of reactive follicles was a predictor for survival (P⫽0.0041). Conclusion: Routine histopathological parameters of TNLNs are valuable predictors for survival in patients with oral cancer.
UNSUSPICIOUS AREAS IN ACTINIC CHEILITIS Marques YMFS1, Andrade CR1, Viera EH2, Gabrielli MFR2, Navarro CM2, Massucato EMS2 - 1UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA - UNESP (FOAR) - FISIOLOGIA E PATOLOGIA, 2UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA - UNESP (FOAR) - DIAGNÓSTICO E CIRURGIA The actinic cheilitis (AC) comprises a pre-malignant condition that may progress to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), for this reason careful attention should be given to AC analysis and treatment. Two cases of ACs were analysed and histopathological findings of surgical specimens of vermilionectomies were compared with initial biopsy and clinical aspects. In both cases, the histopathological findings of incisional biopsy demonstrated moderate dysplasias; however the vermilionectomies specimens, sectioned every 3 mm, exhibited areas with different grades of severity, including microinvasive SCC, severe and mild dysplasia even far from the biopsied area. These findings showed that cases of ACs may bear severe histopathological changes even in unsuspicious areas of clinical changes; in addition, the result of incisional biopsy could not represent the most important site of malignant changes. Do the histopathological changes always produce clinical expression? Should vermilionectomies be performed in moderate and severe dysplasia? Financial support: Univ Estadual Paulista, Fundunesp (00472/12-DFP).
October 2012 IMMUNOREGULATORY CELLS IN ORAL LICHEN PLANUS Firth FA1, Friedlander LT1, Parachuru P1, Kardos TB1, Rich AM1, Seymour GJ1 - 1FACULTY OF DENTISTRY, UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of two regulatory T-cell subsets: T regulatory cells (Tregs, FoxP3⫹) and Th17 cells (IL-17⫹), in the regulation of oral lichen planus (OLP). Study design: 12 archival cases of non-specific oral mucosal inflammation and 17 OLP cases were processed for immunohistochemistry and double-labeled immunofluorescence with antibodies to FoxP3, IL-17 and CD3. Every second high power field in the superficial connective tissue was photographed and the number of positively stained cells per defined area determined. Results: OLP displayed significantly more FoxP3⫹ cells (OLP 79.3; control 20.6 ⫹ve cells/area, p⫽6.45x10⫺17) and fewer IL-17⫹ (OLP 1.05; control 3.30 ⫹ve cells/area, p⫽2.95x10⫺4) cells than the controls. Double-labeled IF showed that FoxP3⫹ cells co-localised with T cells, while IL-17⫹ cells did not. Conclusion: The profile of Tregs and Th17 cells differs in OLP compared with non-specific inflammation, supporting the concept of their involvement in the regulation of OLP.
HEAVY METAL TOXICANTS IN ARECA NUT-CONTAINING PRODUCTS Cox SC1, Dyer J, Lau S1, Minard L1, Arora M1 - 1UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY Objectives: This study sought to determine the concentration of heavy metal toxins in areca nut products used in regions with a high incidence of oral cancer. Areca nut products are associated with oral mucosal disorders including leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Although the alkaloids within the nut are known to be responsible for many of these effects, heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium and chromium, have been shown to be carcinogenic. Study design: Fifteen areca nut products were sourced in Sydney, Australia. The concentration of metals was determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results: Arsenic, cadmium and mercury levels were 4 – 82 times above the maximum standards set by Food Standards Australia and New Zealand with copper, lead and zinc levels at the maximum set by these same standards. Conclusion: Significant concentration and possibly harmful levels of the heavy metals present in areca nut products.
COMPARISON OF PROTEOMIC PROFILES IN VX2 INDUCED RABBITS AND DMBA INDUCED HAMSTER OSCC LM Lin1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 - 1KAOHSIUNG MEDICAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL - SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY, 2LI-MIN LIN - DEPARTMENTS OF ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL IMAGING CENTER, 3YAN-HSIUNG WANG - SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY, 4YU-WEN CHEN - DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE, 5SHIH-HSIEN CHEN - DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY, 6CHING-YI CHEN - DEPARTMENT OF ORAL PATHOLOGY, 7WEN-CHEN WANG DEPARTMENT OF ORAL PATHOLOGY, 8YUK-KWAN CHEN - DEPARTMENT OF ORAL PATHOLOGY Background/objective: The purpose of study is to use proteomic analysis in VX2 induced rabbit and DMBA induced hamster OSCC to observe the difference between early and late