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Hemlock extract and sulphite liquor
404
CURRENT ToPIcs.
Ultramarine. J. HOFFIVlANN. (Chem. Zeit., xxxiv, 8 2 L ) - On consideration of the numerous investigations of this product the author concludes that the homogeneous character of ultramarine and the fact that changes in the constituent oxides are often unaccompanied by any essential alteration in color, are best explained by regarding it as a dilute solid solution containing besides alumina, boric anhydride, silica, and oxides of sulphur, dissociation products of thiosulphates, and probably sulphur itself. N e w P h o s p h a t e Deposits. (Board of Trade Jour,, Aug. 25, i 9 m . ) - - A n important find of phosphate deposits has been made at Safage, about 260 miles from Suez, on the western coast of the Red Sea. This deposit has been carefully examined and work will soon commence. E x a m i n a t i o n of Steels b y Corrosion. M. F. CLouP. (Rev. de Mdtall., vii, 6 o 5 . ) - - A method is described for the examination of manufactured steel (forgings, etc.) in which the polished metal surface is treated either with a 4 per cent. solution of picrie acid in absolute alcohol, or, as a less active reagent, with an iodine solution of IO parts of iodine and 20 of po.tasMum iodide, in ioo of water. By the action of the solvent, the lines of flow induced in the metal by the mechanical treatment become visible to the naked eye; and thus it is possible to discover the method used for the manufacture of the piece under examination. The effects due to mechanical treatment are generally easily distinguishable from initial defects in the metal and from changes induced by heating; in doubtful cases the microscope can be used. H e m l o c k E x t r a c t and Sulphite Liquor. (U. S. Consular Report, July, I 9 I o . ) - - T h e U. S. Consular Agent at New Castle, New Brunswick, reports that at a factory making hemlock-bark extract, the important discovery has been made that the residual liquor from sulphite pulp mills acts on the extract of.hemlock bark, producing a larger percentage of tannin. This discovery has greatly aided the industry of producing extract of hemlock bark. Influence of the Size of I n g o t s on Segregation.
H . M . HOWE.
(Trans. Amer. Inst. Min. Eng., xl. 6 4 4 . ) - - T h e larger the size of the ingot the greater the degree of segregation. The effect of increase of size on segregation is relatively slight until the thickness of the ingot is about 20 inches : with further increase of size the degree of segregation rapidly rises. The segregation of sulphur is greater than that of phosphorus, and that of phosphorus is greater than that of carbon. Marked segregation may take place even in small ingots. A small in~ot. 5 in. long and fifteen-sixteenths of an inch in its widest part. of acid open-hearth steel, was quenched in water from a moderate red-heat. The outer portion of the ingot
CURRENT ToPIcs.
Ultramarine. J. HOFFIVlANN. (Chem. Zeit., xxxiv, 8 2 L ) - On consideration of the numerous investigations of this product the author concludes that the homogeneous character of ultramarine and the fact that changes in the constituent oxides are often unaccompanied by any essential alteration in color, are best explained by regarding it as a dilute solid solution containing besides alumina, boric anhydride, silica, and oxides of sulphur, dissociation products of thiosulphates, and probably sulphur itself. N e w P h o s p h a t e Deposits. (Board of Trade Jour,, Aug. 25, i 9 m . ) - - A n important find of phosphate deposits has been made at Safage, about 260 miles from Suez, on the western coast of the Red Sea. This deposit has been carefully examined and work will soon commence. E x a m i n a t i o n of Steels b y Corrosion. M. F. CLouP. (Rev. de Mdtall., vii, 6 o 5 . ) - - A method is described for the examination of manufactured steel (forgings, etc.) in which the polished metal surface is treated either with a 4 per cent. solution of picrie acid in absolute alcohol, or, as a less active reagent, with an iodine solution of IO parts of iodine and 20 of po.tasMum iodide, in ioo of water. By the action of the solvent, the lines of flow induced in the metal by the mechanical treatment become visible to the naked eye; and thus it is possible to discover the method used for the manufacture of the piece under examination. The effects due to mechanical treatment are generally easily distinguishable from initial defects in the metal and from changes induced by heating; in doubtful cases the microscope can be used. H e m l o c k E x t r a c t and Sulphite Liquor. (U. S. Consular Report, July, I 9 I o . ) - - T h e U. S. Consular Agent at New Castle, New Brunswick, reports that at a factory making hemlock-bark extract, the important discovery has been made that the residual liquor from sulphite pulp mills acts on the extract of.hemlock bark, producing a larger percentage of tannin. This discovery has greatly aided the industry of producing extract of hemlock bark. Influence of the Size of I n g o t s on Segregation.
H . M . HOWE.
(Trans. Amer. Inst. Min. Eng., xl. 6 4 4 . ) - - T h e larger the size of the ingot the greater the degree of segregation. The effect of increase of size on segregation is relatively slight until the thickness of the ingot is about 20 inches : with further increase of size the degree of segregation rapidly rises. The segregation of sulphur is greater than that of phosphorus, and that of phosphorus is greater than that of carbon. Marked segregation may take place even in small ingots. A small in~ot. 5 in. long and fifteen-sixteenths of an inch in its widest part. of acid open-hearth steel, was quenched in water from a moderate red-heat. The outer portion of the ingot