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Hepato-protective and anti-diabetic effects of Capsosiphon fulvescens and pheophorbide A in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
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Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 229S (2014) S40–S252
P-4.118 Asymptomatic infection with Toxoplasma gondii impairs memory in people 65 years and older Patrick D. Gajewski, Michael Falkenstein, Jan G. Hengstler, Klaus Golka ∗
activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the liver tissues. The CFE- and Pha-treated rats in the diabetic group showed an improved histochemical appearance along with decreased level of tail tendons acids-insoluble collagen. These results suggest that CFE and PhA are potential supplement for prevention or treatment of diabetes mellitus. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.807
Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany Almost 30% of humans are Toxoplasma gondii positive and the prevalence increases with age. The central nervous system is the main target. However, little is known about the influence of asymptomatic i.e. latent Toxoplasmosis on cognitive functions in humans. To investigate neurocognitive dysfunctions in asymptomatic older adults with Toxoplasma gondii positive antibody status a doubleblinded neuropsychological study was conducted. The participants were classified from a population-based sample (N = 131) of healthy participants with an age of 65 years and older into two groups with 42 individuals each: Toxoplasmosis positive (T-pos; IgG > 50 IU/ml) and Toxoplasmosis negative (T-neg; IgG = 0 IU/ml). The outcome measures were a computer-based working-memory test (2-back) and several standardized psychometric tests of memory and executive cognitive functions. T-pos seniors showed an impairment of different aspects of memory. The rate of correctly detected target symbols in a 2-back task was decreased by nearly 9% (P = 0.020), corresponding to a performance reduction of about 35% in working memory relative to the T-neg group. Moreover, T-pos seniors had a lower performance in a verbal memory test, both regarding immediate recall (10% reduction; P = 0.022), delayed recognition (6%; P = 0.037) and recall from long-term memory assessed by the word fluency tests (12%; P = 0.029). In contrast, executive functions were not affected. The effects remained mostly unchanged after controlling for medication. The impairment of memory functions in T-pos seniors was accompanied by a decreased self-reported quality of life. Because of the high prevalence of asymptomatic toxoplasmosis and an increasing population of older adults this finding is of high relevance. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.806 P-4.119 Hepato-protective and anti-diabetic effects of Capsosiphon fulvescens and pheophorbide A in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats Kwang-Won Lee ∗ , Se-Wook Kim, Ji-Sun Oh, Mi-Hyun Nam, Chung-oui Hong Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea The treatments of Capsosiphon fulvescens extract (CFE) and peophorbide A (PhA), a compound from CFE was carried out on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats to evaluate the management of diabetes and diabetes complications. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (40 mg/kg b.w.), and the rats were received CFE (4 mg/kg b.w. and 20 mg/kg b.w.) or PhA (0.2 mg/kg b.w.) once a day orally for 9 weeks, 1 week after the STZ injection. At the end of the study, all animals were sacrificed. Tissues of liver and tail, and blood samples were collected for the assessment for biochemical and histochemical analysis. Our study result showed that the treatments of CFE and PhA significantly reduced plasma glucose level with increase of plasma insulin. In addition, the treatments of CFE and PhA significantly decreased the lipids and lipid peroxidation, but increased glutathione, the
P-4.120 Evaluation of protective effect of thymol and thymus vulgaris leaf extract on UVB-induced damage in an ex vivo human skin tissue model L. Marabini 1,∗ , L. Cornaghi 2 , F. Arnaboldi 2 , E. Donetti 2 , R. Calò 1 1
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences,Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy, 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Lab of Structural and Ultrastructural Morphology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy The ultraviolet radiation (UV) is the major environmental factor that affects the functions and survival of many skin cell types. For this reason, the use of human skin tissue obtained from plastic aesthetic surgery represents a simple but efficient experimental approach to reproduce a physiological condition to test the early effects of an exogenous stimulus as UV radiation. Normal human skin explants were obtained from healthy young non-smoking women 20–40 years old (n = 4) after informed consent. Explants were cultured with epidermal side up at the air–liquid interface overnight in a Transwell system. Each of the experiments consisted of an internal control sample (not exposed) and three treatment groups: (1) UVB irradiation doses ranging from 0.048 J/cm2 to 0.72 J/cm2 , (2) pretreatment for 1 h with thymol (1 g/ml) before the UVB irradiation and (3) pretreatment for 1 h with thymus vulgaris aqueous extract (1.82 g/ml) before the UVB irradiation. Samples were harvested 24 h after the end of UV exposure and were processed by light microscopy and by indirect immunofluorescence in order to investigate epidermal proliferation; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and alkaline comet and micronucleus tests were used to assess cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, respectively. Pretreatment, with thymol and vegetable extract in comparable dosage, showed a reduction of the damage following UV exposure regarding morphological and genotoxic aspects. Altogether these results strongly support the use of ex vivo human skin as a relevant method for safety evaluation of UV skin exposure. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.808 P-4.121 Application of a human renal proximal tubule cell line, RPTEC/TERT1, for chemical safety assessment Lydia Aschauer 1,∗ , Anja Wilmes 1 , Alice Limonciel 1 , Martin O. Leonard 2 , Walter Pfaller 1 , Paul Jennings 1 1
Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria, 2 Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK The kidney has an important role in the homeostasis of endogenous and exogenous substances through tubular reabsorption and secretion. The proximal tubule cell is well equipped with numerous apical and basolateral transport proteins, which have a wide substrate specificity, contributing to its susceptibility to xenobiotics.
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 229S (2014) S40–S252
P-4.118 Asymptomatic infection with Toxoplasma gondii impairs memory in people 65 years and older Patrick D. Gajewski, Michael Falkenstein, Jan G. Hengstler, Klaus Golka ∗
activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the liver tissues. The CFE- and Pha-treated rats in the diabetic group showed an improved histochemical appearance along with decreased level of tail tendons acids-insoluble collagen. These results suggest that CFE and PhA are potential supplement for prevention or treatment of diabetes mellitus. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.807
Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany Almost 30% of humans are Toxoplasma gondii positive and the prevalence increases with age. The central nervous system is the main target. However, little is known about the influence of asymptomatic i.e. latent Toxoplasmosis on cognitive functions in humans. To investigate neurocognitive dysfunctions in asymptomatic older adults with Toxoplasma gondii positive antibody status a doubleblinded neuropsychological study was conducted. The participants were classified from a population-based sample (N = 131) of healthy participants with an age of 65 years and older into two groups with 42 individuals each: Toxoplasmosis positive (T-pos; IgG > 50 IU/ml) and Toxoplasmosis negative (T-neg; IgG = 0 IU/ml). The outcome measures were a computer-based working-memory test (2-back) and several standardized psychometric tests of memory and executive cognitive functions. T-pos seniors showed an impairment of different aspects of memory. The rate of correctly detected target symbols in a 2-back task was decreased by nearly 9% (P = 0.020), corresponding to a performance reduction of about 35% in working memory relative to the T-neg group. Moreover, T-pos seniors had a lower performance in a verbal memory test, both regarding immediate recall (10% reduction; P = 0.022), delayed recognition (6%; P = 0.037) and recall from long-term memory assessed by the word fluency tests (12%; P = 0.029). In contrast, executive functions were not affected. The effects remained mostly unchanged after controlling for medication. The impairment of memory functions in T-pos seniors was accompanied by a decreased self-reported quality of life. Because of the high prevalence of asymptomatic toxoplasmosis and an increasing population of older adults this finding is of high relevance. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.806 P-4.119 Hepato-protective and anti-diabetic effects of Capsosiphon fulvescens and pheophorbide A in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats Kwang-Won Lee ∗ , Se-Wook Kim, Ji-Sun Oh, Mi-Hyun Nam, Chung-oui Hong Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea The treatments of Capsosiphon fulvescens extract (CFE) and peophorbide A (PhA), a compound from CFE was carried out on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats to evaluate the management of diabetes and diabetes complications. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (40 mg/kg b.w.), and the rats were received CFE (4 mg/kg b.w. and 20 mg/kg b.w.) or PhA (0.2 mg/kg b.w.) once a day orally for 9 weeks, 1 week after the STZ injection. At the end of the study, all animals were sacrificed. Tissues of liver and tail, and blood samples were collected for the assessment for biochemical and histochemical analysis. Our study result showed that the treatments of CFE and PhA significantly reduced plasma glucose level with increase of plasma insulin. In addition, the treatments of CFE and PhA significantly decreased the lipids and lipid peroxidation, but increased glutathione, the
P-4.120 Evaluation of protective effect of thymol and thymus vulgaris leaf extract on UVB-induced damage in an ex vivo human skin tissue model L. Marabini 1,∗ , L. Cornaghi 2 , F. Arnaboldi 2 , E. Donetti 2 , R. Calò 1 1
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences,Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy, 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Lab of Structural and Ultrastructural Morphology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy The ultraviolet radiation (UV) is the major environmental factor that affects the functions and survival of many skin cell types. For this reason, the use of human skin tissue obtained from plastic aesthetic surgery represents a simple but efficient experimental approach to reproduce a physiological condition to test the early effects of an exogenous stimulus as UV radiation. Normal human skin explants were obtained from healthy young non-smoking women 20–40 years old (n = 4) after informed consent. Explants were cultured with epidermal side up at the air–liquid interface overnight in a Transwell system. Each of the experiments consisted of an internal control sample (not exposed) and three treatment groups: (1) UVB irradiation doses ranging from 0.048 J/cm2 to 0.72 J/cm2 , (2) pretreatment for 1 h with thymol (1 g/ml) before the UVB irradiation and (3) pretreatment for 1 h with thymus vulgaris aqueous extract (1.82 g/ml) before the UVB irradiation. Samples were harvested 24 h after the end of UV exposure and were processed by light microscopy and by indirect immunofluorescence in order to investigate epidermal proliferation; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and alkaline comet and micronucleus tests were used to assess cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, respectively. Pretreatment, with thymol and vegetable extract in comparable dosage, showed a reduction of the damage following UV exposure regarding morphological and genotoxic aspects. Altogether these results strongly support the use of ex vivo human skin as a relevant method for safety evaluation of UV skin exposure. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.808 P-4.121 Application of a human renal proximal tubule cell line, RPTEC/TERT1, for chemical safety assessment Lydia Aschauer 1,∗ , Anja Wilmes 1 , Alice Limonciel 1 , Martin O. Leonard 2 , Walter Pfaller 1 , Paul Jennings 1 1
Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria, 2 Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK The kidney has an important role in the homeostasis of endogenous and exogenous substances through tubular reabsorption and secretion. The proximal tubule cell is well equipped with numerous apical and basolateral transport proteins, which have a wide substrate specificity, contributing to its susceptibility to xenobiotics.