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Herman F. Mark
H e r m a n F. Mark
3239
be made of the " n e i g h b o u r " effect in hydrolysis using results of the complete triade microstructure. The possibility was then emphasized of using a h u m a n - c o m p u t e r system with information exchange on a video-channel. The visual motion of macromoleeules in solution was examined as an example within the framework of a rotary-isomer lattice model on a plane square lattice using a mini computer.
Translated by E. SEMERE
PERSONALITIES HERMAN F. MARK (On his 80th birthday)* P. V. KOZLOV HERMAN F. MARK--hon0rary Professor of the New York Polytechnic, foreign member of the U.S.S.R. Acad e m y of Sciences was 80 years old on 3 May, 1975. The name of Prof. Mark is well known among scientists all over the world. The development of the science of high molecular weight compounds as an independent branch of science combining organio and physical chemistry and solid state physics is linked with his name. He was among the first scientists who, as early as the beginning of the 30's, was fully aware of the enormous prospects of using polymer materials and sought to establish a scientific basis in this field, which at that time had not yet attracted serious at t en t i o n among classical chamists. Mark was born, brought up and received his chemical education in Vienna. He then worked in Germany at the Berlin University, I n s ti t u t e of Fibre Chemistry, in the Research Centre of Farben Industrie. I n this period be was in close collaboration with well-known chemists such as Schlenk, Polanyi, Wiegner, Suplard and others. Returning to Vienna in 1932 Mark became head of the first Chemical I n s t i t u t e of Vienna University; however, when the Nazis came to power and occupied Austria he was compelled to emigrate in 1938. In 1940 Mark settled in the U.S.A. and all his subsequent work was linked with the Brooklyn Polytechnic (recently renamed the New York Polytechnic). His early investigations of the deformation mechanism of metals, the structure of graphite and rhombic sulphur received universal recognition and greatly contributed to popularizing X- r a y analysis among chemists. Mark himself used this method successfully for the first time to study natural high molecular weight compounds: natural rubber, cellulose, silk and chitin. He later carried out fundamental investigations to elucidate high elasticity, relations which govern the behaviour of polymers in solutions and examined the form of macromolecules. The introduction of small angle X - r a y scattering, which is of considerable significance in identifying polymer structure is linked with Mark's name. The Mark-Houwinck equation relates the viscosity of dilute polymer solutions and chain length and up to now probably remains one of the most widely used methods for describing macromolecul es. * Vysokomol. soyed. A17: No. 12, 2819, 1975.
3240
Boris Aleksandrovich Dolgoplosk
Mark founded the Polymer Research I n s ti tu te within the Brooklyn Polytechnic, where he trained a whole,group of eminent polymer scientists, e . g . P . Doty, B. Zimm, T. Alfrey, C. Overberger and many others. He founded the journals known all over the world ent i t l e d " Journal of Polymer Science" and " J o u r n a l of Applied Polymer Science". Numerous monographs written by Mark in various periods magnificently generalize the rapid achievements of polymer science. F r o m the 30's up to the present day Prof. Mark retains close scientific and social relations with Soviet chemists. These links were particularly strengthened during the postwar years. Mark has been to the U.S.S.R. on several occasions and his brilliant lectures invariably attracted the attention of m a n y of our specialists. In 1966 the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences elected Prof. Mark as a Foreign Member. The Editorial Board of the journal Polymer Science U.S.S.R. wishes Prof. Mark m a n y years of good health and further happiness and inexhaustable energy so typical of him.
Translated by E. SEMERE
BORIS ALEKSANDROVICH DOLGOPLOSK (On his 70th birthday and 44th anniversary of his scientific career)* ACADEMICIAN Boris Aleksandrovich Dolgoplosk, Hero of Socialist Labour was 70 years old on 12 November, 1975 and celebrated the 44th anniversary of his scientific work. B. A. Dolgoplosk graduated in the Chemical Faculty of the M. V. Lomonosov University in Moscow in 1931 in the D e p a r t m e n t of Catalysis in Organic Chemistry. B. A. Dolgoplosk's scientific work is closely linked with the synthetic rubber (SR) industry, in which he worked from 1931 to 1961, starting as a Shop Superintendant and Head of Laboratories of the Yaroslavl SR works (1931-1946) and becoming the scientific H e a d of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Synthetic g l i b b e r Manufacture (1946-1961). Since 1961 B. A. Dolgoplosk has been working in the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences being Chief of the Laboratory in the A. V. Topchiyev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences. In the initial period of his career (1931-1937) Boris Aleksandrovich was engaged in m a n y varied projects which promoted a vigorous synthetic rubber industry in the U.S.S.R. improved stages of the manufacturing process and resulted in the development of new methods of chemical control. Among the most important original investigations carried out by him in the first period are the development of quantitative determination of butadiene in mixtures with acetylene using hydrogenation; the development of a method of preparing vinyl-alkyl esters by the decomposition of acetals over heterogeneous catalysts; study of the chemical composition of impurities associated with butadiene, investigation of their reactions with sodium metal, im p r o v e m e n t of the Lebedev catalyst for the synthesis of butadiene from alcohol. He later concentrated his scientific work on polymerization. He devoted the period between 1938 and 1956 to further studies of initiation and inhibition of radical chain proc* Vysokomol. soyed. A17: No. 12, 2820-2822, 1975.
3239
be made of the " n e i g h b o u r " effect in hydrolysis using results of the complete triade microstructure. The possibility was then emphasized of using a h u m a n - c o m p u t e r system with information exchange on a video-channel. The visual motion of macromoleeules in solution was examined as an example within the framework of a rotary-isomer lattice model on a plane square lattice using a mini computer.
Translated by E. SEMERE
PERSONALITIES HERMAN F. MARK (On his 80th birthday)* P. V. KOZLOV HERMAN F. MARK--hon0rary Professor of the New York Polytechnic, foreign member of the U.S.S.R. Acad e m y of Sciences was 80 years old on 3 May, 1975. The name of Prof. Mark is well known among scientists all over the world. The development of the science of high molecular weight compounds as an independent branch of science combining organio and physical chemistry and solid state physics is linked with his name. He was among the first scientists who, as early as the beginning of the 30's, was fully aware of the enormous prospects of using polymer materials and sought to establish a scientific basis in this field, which at that time had not yet attracted serious at t en t i o n among classical chamists. Mark was born, brought up and received his chemical education in Vienna. He then worked in Germany at the Berlin University, I n s ti t u t e of Fibre Chemistry, in the Research Centre of Farben Industrie. I n this period be was in close collaboration with well-known chemists such as Schlenk, Polanyi, Wiegner, Suplard and others. Returning to Vienna in 1932 Mark became head of the first Chemical I n s t i t u t e of Vienna University; however, when the Nazis came to power and occupied Austria he was compelled to emigrate in 1938. In 1940 Mark settled in the U.S.A. and all his subsequent work was linked with the Brooklyn Polytechnic (recently renamed the New York Polytechnic). His early investigations of the deformation mechanism of metals, the structure of graphite and rhombic sulphur received universal recognition and greatly contributed to popularizing X- r a y analysis among chemists. Mark himself used this method successfully for the first time to study natural high molecular weight compounds: natural rubber, cellulose, silk and chitin. He later carried out fundamental investigations to elucidate high elasticity, relations which govern the behaviour of polymers in solutions and examined the form of macromolecules. The introduction of small angle X - r a y scattering, which is of considerable significance in identifying polymer structure is linked with Mark's name. The Mark-Houwinck equation relates the viscosity of dilute polymer solutions and chain length and up to now probably remains one of the most widely used methods for describing macromolecul es. * Vysokomol. soyed. A17: No. 12, 2819, 1975.
3240
Boris Aleksandrovich Dolgoplosk
Mark founded the Polymer Research I n s ti tu te within the Brooklyn Polytechnic, where he trained a whole,group of eminent polymer scientists, e . g . P . Doty, B. Zimm, T. Alfrey, C. Overberger and many others. He founded the journals known all over the world ent i t l e d " Journal of Polymer Science" and " J o u r n a l of Applied Polymer Science". Numerous monographs written by Mark in various periods magnificently generalize the rapid achievements of polymer science. F r o m the 30's up to the present day Prof. Mark retains close scientific and social relations with Soviet chemists. These links were particularly strengthened during the postwar years. Mark has been to the U.S.S.R. on several occasions and his brilliant lectures invariably attracted the attention of m a n y of our specialists. In 1966 the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences elected Prof. Mark as a Foreign Member. The Editorial Board of the journal Polymer Science U.S.S.R. wishes Prof. Mark m a n y years of good health and further happiness and inexhaustable energy so typical of him.
Translated by E. SEMERE
BORIS ALEKSANDROVICH DOLGOPLOSK (On his 70th birthday and 44th anniversary of his scientific career)* ACADEMICIAN Boris Aleksandrovich Dolgoplosk, Hero of Socialist Labour was 70 years old on 12 November, 1975 and celebrated the 44th anniversary of his scientific work. B. A. Dolgoplosk graduated in the Chemical Faculty of the M. V. Lomonosov University in Moscow in 1931 in the D e p a r t m e n t of Catalysis in Organic Chemistry. B. A. Dolgoplosk's scientific work is closely linked with the synthetic rubber (SR) industry, in which he worked from 1931 to 1961, starting as a Shop Superintendant and Head of Laboratories of the Yaroslavl SR works (1931-1946) and becoming the scientific H e a d of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Synthetic g l i b b e r Manufacture (1946-1961). Since 1961 B. A. Dolgoplosk has been working in the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences being Chief of the Laboratory in the A. V. Topchiyev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences. In the initial period of his career (1931-1937) Boris Aleksandrovich was engaged in m a n y varied projects which promoted a vigorous synthetic rubber industry in the U.S.S.R. improved stages of the manufacturing process and resulted in the development of new methods of chemical control. Among the most important original investigations carried out by him in the first period are the development of quantitative determination of butadiene in mixtures with acetylene using hydrogenation; the development of a method of preparing vinyl-alkyl esters by the decomposition of acetals over heterogeneous catalysts; study of the chemical composition of impurities associated with butadiene, investigation of their reactions with sodium metal, im p r o v e m e n t of the Lebedev catalyst for the synthesis of butadiene from alcohol. He later concentrated his scientific work on polymerization. He devoted the period between 1938 and 1956 to further studies of initiation and inhibition of radical chain proc* Vysokomol. soyed. A17: No. 12, 2820-2822, 1975.