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Heterochain polymers—XXX. Synthesis of mixed polyamides by fusion of homopolymers with salts
160 TEMPERATURE
Abstracts DEPENDENCE
OF T H E S T R E S S - S T R A I N R E L A T I O N S OF POLYMERS
E . E . G l u k h o v a n d A. V. S h e l i o n , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 3: N o . 4, 6 3 0 - 6 3 6 , 1961. THE stress-strain properties of block polystyrene, of polypropylene and of polyvinylchloride composition have been investigated under pure shear conditions. I t has been shown t h a t the earlier expressed equations for hardening deformation are applicable in this case. The p a r t played b y the constants of the equations has been elucidated. This has made possible an estimation of the thermal stability and frost resistance of the polymers in terms of their deformability. *CARBOCHAIN POLYMERS AND COPOLYMERS--XXXII. T H I O D I V A L E R I C ACID SIDE CHAIN R E S I D U E S
G R A F T COPOLYMERS W I T H
H . S. K o l e s n i k o v a n d T s e n K h a n - m i n , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 3: N o . 4, 6 3 7 - 6 4 1 , 1961. GRAFT copolymers have been obtained by reaction of polymethylmethacrylate with polyethylenethiodivalerate and mixed polyesters containing besides thiodivalerie acid residues, the residues of adipic, azelaic and sebaeic acids. The properties of the resultant polymers were investigated. I t was found t h a t regularity in the graft copolymers increases with increase in the number of hydrocarbon atoms in the dicarboxylic acid. I n the mixed polyesters obtained from thiodivaleric and adipic acids and ethylene glycol, spherulites of ordered macromoleeular packets and of monocrystals, and monoerystals have ben revealed. S T U D I E S ON P O L Y C A R B O N A T E S ~ I I I . H O M O G E N E O U S SYNTHESIS A N D P R O P E R T I E S OF P O L Y - 2 , 2 - B I S ( 4 ~ - H Y D R O X Y P H E N Y L ) P R O P A N Y L C A R B O N A T E S
N . I. S h i r o k o v a , E . F . R u s s k o v a , A. B. A l i s h o e v a , R . M. G i t i n a , I. I. L e v k o e v a n d P . V. K o z l o v , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 3: N o . 4, 6 4 2 - 6 4 9 , 1961. THE /brmation of polycarbonates under homogeneous conditions by reaction between 2,2-bis (4'-hydroxyphenyl) propane and phosgene in methylenechloride solution in the presence of pyridine has been investigated. I t has been found t h a t the rate of addition of the last 5-10~o phosgene considerably affects the molecular weight of the products. A mechanism for the formation of polyearbonates b y the above procedure has been proposed. The method has been shown capable of yielding polycarbonates of sufficiently high molecular weight and with satisfactory physico-mechanical properties. S T R U C T U R E A N D P R O P E R T I E S OF JOINT D I S I N T E G R A T I O N E T H Y L E N E A N D CARBON B L A C K
V. A. K a r g i n , N . A. P l a t ~ , V, G. Z h u r a v l e v a s o e d i n . 3: N o . 4, 6 5 0 - 6 5 4 , 1961.
PRODUCTS OF POLY
a n d V. P . S h i b a e v , V y s o k o m o l .
IT has been shown t h a t by intensive mechanical disintegration of high density polyethylene with carbon black at room temperature a chemical reaction takes place leading to the formation of a graft copolymer. According to electron microscopic data, in this system typical structural aggregates, besides polyethylene spherulites, are crystalline packets of' polyethylene chains. The formation of higher structural forms is hindered. The use of ordinary X - r a y analysis to determine the structural changes taking place in the grafting of carbon black to polyethylene is ineffective. The graft copolymer is a somewhat more elastic product t h a n t h a t formed by a mechanical mixture of the components. I t has been suggested t h a t under the above conditions interpacket plasticization of polyethylene by the carbon black particles takes place.
Abstracts DEPENDENCE
OF T H E S T R E S S - S T R A I N R E L A T I O N S OF POLYMERS
E . E . G l u k h o v a n d A. V. S h e l i o n , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 3: N o . 4, 6 3 0 - 6 3 6 , 1961. THE stress-strain properties of block polystyrene, of polypropylene and of polyvinylchloride composition have been investigated under pure shear conditions. I t has been shown t h a t the earlier expressed equations for hardening deformation are applicable in this case. The p a r t played b y the constants of the equations has been elucidated. This has made possible an estimation of the thermal stability and frost resistance of the polymers in terms of their deformability. *CARBOCHAIN POLYMERS AND COPOLYMERS--XXXII. T H I O D I V A L E R I C ACID SIDE CHAIN R E S I D U E S
G R A F T COPOLYMERS W I T H
H . S. K o l e s n i k o v a n d T s e n K h a n - m i n , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 3: N o . 4, 6 3 7 - 6 4 1 , 1961. GRAFT copolymers have been obtained by reaction of polymethylmethacrylate with polyethylenethiodivalerate and mixed polyesters containing besides thiodivalerie acid residues, the residues of adipic, azelaic and sebaeic acids. The properties of the resultant polymers were investigated. I t was found t h a t regularity in the graft copolymers increases with increase in the number of hydrocarbon atoms in the dicarboxylic acid. I n the mixed polyesters obtained from thiodivaleric and adipic acids and ethylene glycol, spherulites of ordered macromoleeular packets and of monocrystals, and monoerystals have ben revealed. S T U D I E S ON P O L Y C A R B O N A T E S ~ I I I . H O M O G E N E O U S SYNTHESIS A N D P R O P E R T I E S OF P O L Y - 2 , 2 - B I S ( 4 ~ - H Y D R O X Y P H E N Y L ) P R O P A N Y L C A R B O N A T E S
N . I. S h i r o k o v a , E . F . R u s s k o v a , A. B. A l i s h o e v a , R . M. G i t i n a , I. I. L e v k o e v a n d P . V. K o z l o v , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 3: N o . 4, 6 4 2 - 6 4 9 , 1961. THE /brmation of polycarbonates under homogeneous conditions by reaction between 2,2-bis (4'-hydroxyphenyl) propane and phosgene in methylenechloride solution in the presence of pyridine has been investigated. I t has been found t h a t the rate of addition of the last 5-10~o phosgene considerably affects the molecular weight of the products. A mechanism for the formation of polyearbonates b y the above procedure has been proposed. The method has been shown capable of yielding polycarbonates of sufficiently high molecular weight and with satisfactory physico-mechanical properties. S T R U C T U R E A N D P R O P E R T I E S OF JOINT D I S I N T E G R A T I O N E T H Y L E N E A N D CARBON B L A C K
V. A. K a r g i n , N . A. P l a t ~ , V, G. Z h u r a v l e v a s o e d i n . 3: N o . 4, 6 5 0 - 6 5 4 , 1961.
PRODUCTS OF POLY
a n d V. P . S h i b a e v , V y s o k o m o l .
IT has been shown t h a t by intensive mechanical disintegration of high density polyethylene with carbon black at room temperature a chemical reaction takes place leading to the formation of a graft copolymer. According to electron microscopic data, in this system typical structural aggregates, besides polyethylene spherulites, are crystalline packets of' polyethylene chains. The formation of higher structural forms is hindered. The use of ordinary X - r a y analysis to determine the structural changes taking place in the grafting of carbon black to polyethylene is ineffective. The graft copolymer is a somewhat more elastic product t h a n t h a t formed by a mechanical mixture of the components. I t has been suggested t h a t under the above conditions interpacket plasticization of polyethylene by the carbon black particles takes place.