- Email: [email protected]
Heterocystous versus non-heterocystous cyanobacteria in saline soil of rice fields of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India: A molecular investigation
S616
Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 136S (2008) S607–S619
VII1-P-024 Microbial diversity analysis of former salterns in southern Taiwan by 16S rRNA-based methods Chung-Yi Wang, Yuan-Tay Shyu ∗ Department of Horticulture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan E-mail address: [email protected] (Y.-T. Shyu). The microbiota diversity of the former salterns in southern Taiwan was investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Soil samples from three salterns were analyzed using DGGE and 16S rRNA from 502 colonies representing 5 archaea and 18 bacteria taxonomic groups. Each representative taxonomic group was further identified, whereas 8.7% of clones were unclassified microorganisms. Chromohalobacter, Halomonas and Virgibacillus are dominant in the Biemen saltern, Chiguensis saltern and Szutsau saltern, respectively. During FISH analysis, several taxonomic-specific probes were used. The DAPI-stained-cell count in the Szutsao saltern had a higher number of microorganisms cell (4.58 × 107 cell/cm3 ) than the other salterns. Archaea occupied 2.7–6.6% whereas bacteria accounted for 37.2–52.9% of total microbial population at the three sites. Among these three sampling sites, the Szutsao saltern had highest diversity in halophilic microbial composition, as indicated by DGGE and FISH.
Equisetum arvense (S2), and tested the plant growth promoting activities (PGPAs) such as indole acetic acid (IAA) productivity, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity, and siderophores synthesis ability. Many of them could produce IAA (RS, 22%; RP, 24%), had ACC deaminase activity were 51% (RS), 37% (RP), and could synthesize siderophores were relatively high: 50% (RS), 66% (RP) (Table 1). PGPR that had at least one PGPA was more abundant in RP (82%) than RS (75%). Clustering analysis was carried out using kinds of plant and RS/RP, 3 PGPA and RS/RP by principal component analysis. PGPR were widely distributed in the plant rhizosphere regardless of a kind of plant. The ANOVA results indicated that specific habitat (RS or RP) had significant effects on the distribution of PGPR. References Burd, G.I., Dixon, D.G., Glick, B.R., 2000. Plant growth-promoting bacteria that decrease heavy metal toxicity in plants. Can. J. Microbiol. 46, 237–245. Carlot, M., Giacomini, A., Casella, S., 2002. Aspects of plant-microbe interactions in heavy metal polluted soil. Acta Biotechnol. 22, 13–20. Glick, B.R., 2003. Phytoremediation: synergistic use of plants and bacteria to clean up the environment. Biotechnol. Adv. 21, 383–393. Kumino, T., Seaki, K., Nagaoka, K., Oyaizu, H., Matsumoto, S., 2001. Characterization of coper-resistant bacterial community in rhizosphere of highly copper-contaminated soil. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 37, 95–102.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1427 VII1-P-027
References Amann, R.I., Binder, B.J., Olson, R.J., Chisholm, S.W., Devereux, R., Stahl, D.A., 1990. Combination of 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes with flow cytometry for analyzing mixed microbial populations. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56, 1919–1925. Higgins, D., Thompson, J., Gibson, T.J., 1994. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 22, 4673–4680. Llobet-Brossa, E., Ramon, R.M., Rudolf, A., 1998. Microbial community composition of wadden sea sediments as revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64, 2691–2696. Ng, C.C., Chang, C.C., Shyu, Y.T., 2005. Archaeal community revealed by 16s rRNA and fluorescence in situ hybridization in a sulphuric hydrothermal hot spring, Northern Taiwan. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 21, 933–939. Ng, C.C., Huang, W.C., Chang, C.C., Tzeng, W.S., Chen, T.W., Liu, Y.S., Shyu, Y.T., 2006. Tufa microbial diversity revealed by 16S rRNA cloning in Taroko National Park. Taiwan. Soil Biol. Biochem. 38, 342–348.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1426 VII1-P-026 Plant growth promoting activities of rhizospheric bacteria in oil-contaminated soil Sun Hwa Hong, So-Yeon Koo, Kyung-Suk Cho ∗ Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea E-mail address: [email protected] (K.-S. Cho). Many soil sites in industrialized areas are contaminated with many potentially toxic compounds. For environmental clean-up, a potential strategy is the ecologically sound, safe, and cost effective phytoremediation using the symbiotic relationship of plants and microbes in the rhizosphere (Glick, 2003; Burd et al., 2000; Kumino et al., 2001; Carlot et al., 2002). 374 colonies were isolated from the rhizosphere soil (RS) or rhizophane (RP) of Echinochloa crus-galli (K1), Carex leiorhyncha (K2), Commelina communis (H1), Persicaria lapathifolia (H2), Carex kobomugi (S1), and
Heterocystous versus non-heterocystous cyanobacteria in saline soil of rice fields of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India: A molecular investigation Ashish Kumar Srivastava Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Mizoram University, Tanhril Campus, Aizawl 796009, India E-mail address: [email protected]. High salt concentrations lead to a decline in soil fertility by adversely affecting the soil microbial flora, including nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and therefore further reducing rice productivity. This study is the first to offer information on molecular diversity of cyanobacteria inhabiting Indian rice fields with varying level of salinity. Cyanobacterial samples were collected from rice fields of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Physicochemical parameters viz. EC, pH, concentration of Na+ , K+ , Ca2+ and Mg2+ , SAR, available phosphorus and nitrogen were analyzed for samples. Electrical conductivity data were used to classify the soils and to investigate any relationship between salinity and cyanobacterial diversity. Total genomic DNA from the natural samples was isolated (Srivastava et al., 2007) and 16S rRNA gene was amplified using semi-nested PCR. The PCR products thus obtained were subjected to DGGE analysis. Thirty-one bands were sequenced. BLAST analysis of twenty-nine 16S rRNA genes showed maximum homology with cyanobacteria and two with plastids of diatom and tobacco. Further, the phylotypes were phylogenetically analyzed using the neighbour joining method of MEGA4 (Tamura et al., 2007) for the construction of phylogenetic trees. Among six different clades, clades I, II IV and V contained cyanobacteria inhabiting normal to saline soils, however, clade V represented the cyanobacteria inhabiting only saline soils. However, clade III contained cyanobacteria from soils with low salinity. Comparison of the molecular data with physicochemical properties of the soil showed that Aulosira strains were widely distributed over a range of salinities. Low salinity favoured the presence of heterocystous cyanobacteria, while very high salinity mainly supported the growth of non-heterocystous genera. In con-
Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 136S (2008) S607–S619
clusion, salinity was shown to be responsible for the distribution of cyanobacteria in rice paddy fields. References Srivastava, A.K., Ara, A., Bhargava, P., Mishra, Y., Rai, S.P., Rai, L.C., 2007. A rapid and cost effective method of genomic DNA isolation from cyanobacterial mat and soil suitable for genomic fingerprinting and community analysis. J. Appl. Phycol. 19, 373–382. Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M., Kumar, S., 2007. MEGA4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24, 1596–1599.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1428
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VII1-P-031 Effect of polymer oil drive process in Daqing oil field on the microorganism community in oil deposit system Li Wei 1,2,∗ , Fang Ma 1,2 , Junfeng Su 3 , Weiguo Li 1,2 , Qiang Wang 1,2 1
School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China 3 School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China E-mail address: [email protected] (L. Wei).
VII1-P-030 Isolation and characterization of microbes degrading benzene or chlorinated benzenes from the sludge of a chemical plant Hongjiang Yang ∗ , Yanzhen Lu Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China E-mail address: [email protected] (H. Yang). Benzene and chlorinated benzenes (CBs) are widespread in the environment and can be there for a long time (Field and Sierra-Alvarez, 2007). The bioremediation of benzene and CBs contaminated environment is of great importance because these chemicals are toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic, hazardous to human health and environmental habits (den Besten et al., 1991). In this paper, we collected the sludge samples from a chemical plant, which has been using benzene, chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene for more than 20 years without any necessary treatment of the effluent. In order to isolated benzene or CBs degrading microbes, minimal media with benzene, chlorobenzene, or dichlorobenzene as sole carbon source, respectively, were used. To domesticate and enrich the microorganisms from the sludge, small amounts of the sludge were inoculated to the media and the cultures were maintained at 26 ◦ C by shaking at least for a week. The enrichment process was repeated five times before spreading cultural samples on the plates with the same media at the end of incubation. Aerobic microorganisms degrading benzene or CBs were isolated with different phenotypes. The chlorobenzene-degrading efficiency of the isolated microbes were further investigated with GC-FID with SE 30 (0.25 mm*30 m) capillary column. The results showed that 7 out of 11 isolated strains can degrade 30% to 80% chlorobenzene in 12 h. Their 16 s rRNA genes were amplified and sequenced for identification. The phylogenetic tree was also constructed to determine the relationships of the isolated bacteria.
By analyzing the composition of pumped water from polymer oil drive process in Daqing Oil Field, measuring total DNA of pumped liquid of typical polymer oil drive process and constructing bacterium 16S rDNA clones tree (Hui et al., 2005), effect of oil drive process and chemicals used in three oil recovery technique of ternary compound oil drive on microorganism community, heredity variety and the environment was preliminarily investigated based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and sequencing (Watanabe et al., 2002). The results show that the bacterium of pumped liquid belong to seven main dominant monoid of operational taxonomic unit, mainly distributing in the following three fungi gates: ␦, , , ␥ Proteobacteria (5.71%, 8.57%, 28.57%, 28.57% respectively), Firimicutes Clostridia (25.71%), (Deferribacteres) (2.86%). The Proteobacteria makes up of 73% of the total clones. Hydrocarbon seep bacterium, Arcobacter sp. and Clostridium cylindrosporum are dominant spawns. System development analysis illustrated that, the microbe resource of oil deposit system is new, properly belonging to new species, and most of microbe maybe do not come from this system (Dong and Zhen, 2001). The using of polymer solution and ternary compound oil drive chemicals is the main factor determining microbe distribution in the oil deposition system, which results in the decreasing of the microbe population variety of oil deposit system. Keywords: Polymer oil drive process; 16S rDNA clones library; Microorganism community; Oil deposit system References Dong, X.L., Zhen, J.X., 2001. Analysis of contaminant s in water produced from formation with polymer flooding and its possibility for recycling. Res. Environ. Sci. 14, 54–56. Hui, Y.S., Li, Z.X., Fan, Z., 2005. Molecular analysis of the microbial communities of the Dagang Kongdian flooding bed oil field. J. Microorganism 45, 329–334. Watanabe, K., Kodama, Y., Kaku, N., 2002. Diversity and abundance of bacteria in an underground oil-storage cavity. BMC Microbiol. 2, 23.
References doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1430 den Besten, C., Vet, J.J., Besselink, H.T., Kiel, G.S., van Berkel, B.J., Beems, R., van Bladeren, P.J., 1991. The liver, kidney, and thyroid toxicity of chlorinated benzenes. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.. Field, J.A., Sierra-Alvarez, R., 2007. Microbial degradation of chlorinated benzenes. Biodegradation.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1429
VII1-P-032 Phosphate solubilization by Aspergillus niger DUT X1 isolation from agricultural soil Jun Lv, Xiao-rong Gao ∗ , Li-jing Wang, Li-jia An School of Environment & Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China E-mail address: [email protected] (X.-r. Gao). Phosphorus is one of the major essential macronutrients for plant growth. Many agricultural soils are generally low in available phosphorus (Oberson et al., 2001) and a large portion of inorganic phosphate applied to soil as phosphate fertilizers is rapidly
Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 136S (2008) S607–S619
VII1-P-024 Microbial diversity analysis of former salterns in southern Taiwan by 16S rRNA-based methods Chung-Yi Wang, Yuan-Tay Shyu ∗ Department of Horticulture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan E-mail address: [email protected] (Y.-T. Shyu). The microbiota diversity of the former salterns in southern Taiwan was investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Soil samples from three salterns were analyzed using DGGE and 16S rRNA from 502 colonies representing 5 archaea and 18 bacteria taxonomic groups. Each representative taxonomic group was further identified, whereas 8.7% of clones were unclassified microorganisms. Chromohalobacter, Halomonas and Virgibacillus are dominant in the Biemen saltern, Chiguensis saltern and Szutsau saltern, respectively. During FISH analysis, several taxonomic-specific probes were used. The DAPI-stained-cell count in the Szutsao saltern had a higher number of microorganisms cell (4.58 × 107 cell/cm3 ) than the other salterns. Archaea occupied 2.7–6.6% whereas bacteria accounted for 37.2–52.9% of total microbial population at the three sites. Among these three sampling sites, the Szutsao saltern had highest diversity in halophilic microbial composition, as indicated by DGGE and FISH.
Equisetum arvense (S2), and tested the plant growth promoting activities (PGPAs) such as indole acetic acid (IAA) productivity, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity, and siderophores synthesis ability. Many of them could produce IAA (RS, 22%; RP, 24%), had ACC deaminase activity were 51% (RS), 37% (RP), and could synthesize siderophores were relatively high: 50% (RS), 66% (RP) (Table 1). PGPR that had at least one PGPA was more abundant in RP (82%) than RS (75%). Clustering analysis was carried out using kinds of plant and RS/RP, 3 PGPA and RS/RP by principal component analysis. PGPR were widely distributed in the plant rhizosphere regardless of a kind of plant. The ANOVA results indicated that specific habitat (RS or RP) had significant effects on the distribution of PGPR. References Burd, G.I., Dixon, D.G., Glick, B.R., 2000. Plant growth-promoting bacteria that decrease heavy metal toxicity in plants. Can. J. Microbiol. 46, 237–245. Carlot, M., Giacomini, A., Casella, S., 2002. Aspects of plant-microbe interactions in heavy metal polluted soil. Acta Biotechnol. 22, 13–20. Glick, B.R., 2003. Phytoremediation: synergistic use of plants and bacteria to clean up the environment. Biotechnol. Adv. 21, 383–393. Kumino, T., Seaki, K., Nagaoka, K., Oyaizu, H., Matsumoto, S., 2001. Characterization of coper-resistant bacterial community in rhizosphere of highly copper-contaminated soil. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 37, 95–102.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1427 VII1-P-027
References Amann, R.I., Binder, B.J., Olson, R.J., Chisholm, S.W., Devereux, R., Stahl, D.A., 1990. Combination of 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes with flow cytometry for analyzing mixed microbial populations. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56, 1919–1925. Higgins, D., Thompson, J., Gibson, T.J., 1994. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 22, 4673–4680. Llobet-Brossa, E., Ramon, R.M., Rudolf, A., 1998. Microbial community composition of wadden sea sediments as revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64, 2691–2696. Ng, C.C., Chang, C.C., Shyu, Y.T., 2005. Archaeal community revealed by 16s rRNA and fluorescence in situ hybridization in a sulphuric hydrothermal hot spring, Northern Taiwan. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 21, 933–939. Ng, C.C., Huang, W.C., Chang, C.C., Tzeng, W.S., Chen, T.W., Liu, Y.S., Shyu, Y.T., 2006. Tufa microbial diversity revealed by 16S rRNA cloning in Taroko National Park. Taiwan. Soil Biol. Biochem. 38, 342–348.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1426 VII1-P-026 Plant growth promoting activities of rhizospheric bacteria in oil-contaminated soil Sun Hwa Hong, So-Yeon Koo, Kyung-Suk Cho ∗ Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea E-mail address: [email protected] (K.-S. Cho). Many soil sites in industrialized areas are contaminated with many potentially toxic compounds. For environmental clean-up, a potential strategy is the ecologically sound, safe, and cost effective phytoremediation using the symbiotic relationship of plants and microbes in the rhizosphere (Glick, 2003; Burd et al., 2000; Kumino et al., 2001; Carlot et al., 2002). 374 colonies were isolated from the rhizosphere soil (RS) or rhizophane (RP) of Echinochloa crus-galli (K1), Carex leiorhyncha (K2), Commelina communis (H1), Persicaria lapathifolia (H2), Carex kobomugi (S1), and
Heterocystous versus non-heterocystous cyanobacteria in saline soil of rice fields of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India: A molecular investigation Ashish Kumar Srivastava Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Mizoram University, Tanhril Campus, Aizawl 796009, India E-mail address: [email protected]. High salt concentrations lead to a decline in soil fertility by adversely affecting the soil microbial flora, including nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and therefore further reducing rice productivity. This study is the first to offer information on molecular diversity of cyanobacteria inhabiting Indian rice fields with varying level of salinity. Cyanobacterial samples were collected from rice fields of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Physicochemical parameters viz. EC, pH, concentration of Na+ , K+ , Ca2+ and Mg2+ , SAR, available phosphorus and nitrogen were analyzed for samples. Electrical conductivity data were used to classify the soils and to investigate any relationship between salinity and cyanobacterial diversity. Total genomic DNA from the natural samples was isolated (Srivastava et al., 2007) and 16S rRNA gene was amplified using semi-nested PCR. The PCR products thus obtained were subjected to DGGE analysis. Thirty-one bands were sequenced. BLAST analysis of twenty-nine 16S rRNA genes showed maximum homology with cyanobacteria and two with plastids of diatom and tobacco. Further, the phylotypes were phylogenetically analyzed using the neighbour joining method of MEGA4 (Tamura et al., 2007) for the construction of phylogenetic trees. Among six different clades, clades I, II IV and V contained cyanobacteria inhabiting normal to saline soils, however, clade V represented the cyanobacteria inhabiting only saline soils. However, clade III contained cyanobacteria from soils with low salinity. Comparison of the molecular data with physicochemical properties of the soil showed that Aulosira strains were widely distributed over a range of salinities. Low salinity favoured the presence of heterocystous cyanobacteria, while very high salinity mainly supported the growth of non-heterocystous genera. In con-
Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 136S (2008) S607–S619
clusion, salinity was shown to be responsible for the distribution of cyanobacteria in rice paddy fields. References Srivastava, A.K., Ara, A., Bhargava, P., Mishra, Y., Rai, S.P., Rai, L.C., 2007. A rapid and cost effective method of genomic DNA isolation from cyanobacterial mat and soil suitable for genomic fingerprinting and community analysis. J. Appl. Phycol. 19, 373–382. Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M., Kumar, S., 2007. MEGA4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24, 1596–1599.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1428
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VII1-P-031 Effect of polymer oil drive process in Daqing oil field on the microorganism community in oil deposit system Li Wei 1,2,∗ , Fang Ma 1,2 , Junfeng Su 3 , Weiguo Li 1,2 , Qiang Wang 1,2 1
School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China 3 School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China E-mail address: [email protected] (L. Wei).
VII1-P-030 Isolation and characterization of microbes degrading benzene or chlorinated benzenes from the sludge of a chemical plant Hongjiang Yang ∗ , Yanzhen Lu Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China E-mail address: [email protected] (H. Yang). Benzene and chlorinated benzenes (CBs) are widespread in the environment and can be there for a long time (Field and Sierra-Alvarez, 2007). The bioremediation of benzene and CBs contaminated environment is of great importance because these chemicals are toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic, hazardous to human health and environmental habits (den Besten et al., 1991). In this paper, we collected the sludge samples from a chemical plant, which has been using benzene, chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene for more than 20 years without any necessary treatment of the effluent. In order to isolated benzene or CBs degrading microbes, minimal media with benzene, chlorobenzene, or dichlorobenzene as sole carbon source, respectively, were used. To domesticate and enrich the microorganisms from the sludge, small amounts of the sludge were inoculated to the media and the cultures were maintained at 26 ◦ C by shaking at least for a week. The enrichment process was repeated five times before spreading cultural samples on the plates with the same media at the end of incubation. Aerobic microorganisms degrading benzene or CBs were isolated with different phenotypes. The chlorobenzene-degrading efficiency of the isolated microbes were further investigated with GC-FID with SE 30 (0.25 mm*30 m) capillary column. The results showed that 7 out of 11 isolated strains can degrade 30% to 80% chlorobenzene in 12 h. Their 16 s rRNA genes were amplified and sequenced for identification. The phylogenetic tree was also constructed to determine the relationships of the isolated bacteria.
By analyzing the composition of pumped water from polymer oil drive process in Daqing Oil Field, measuring total DNA of pumped liquid of typical polymer oil drive process and constructing bacterium 16S rDNA clones tree (Hui et al., 2005), effect of oil drive process and chemicals used in three oil recovery technique of ternary compound oil drive on microorganism community, heredity variety and the environment was preliminarily investigated based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and sequencing (Watanabe et al., 2002). The results show that the bacterium of pumped liquid belong to seven main dominant monoid of operational taxonomic unit, mainly distributing in the following three fungi gates: ␦, , , ␥ Proteobacteria (5.71%, 8.57%, 28.57%, 28.57% respectively), Firimicutes Clostridia (25.71%), (Deferribacteres) (2.86%). The Proteobacteria makes up of 73% of the total clones. Hydrocarbon seep bacterium, Arcobacter sp. and Clostridium cylindrosporum are dominant spawns. System development analysis illustrated that, the microbe resource of oil deposit system is new, properly belonging to new species, and most of microbe maybe do not come from this system (Dong and Zhen, 2001). The using of polymer solution and ternary compound oil drive chemicals is the main factor determining microbe distribution in the oil deposition system, which results in the decreasing of the microbe population variety of oil deposit system. Keywords: Polymer oil drive process; 16S rDNA clones library; Microorganism community; Oil deposit system References Dong, X.L., Zhen, J.X., 2001. Analysis of contaminant s in water produced from formation with polymer flooding and its possibility for recycling. Res. Environ. Sci. 14, 54–56. Hui, Y.S., Li, Z.X., Fan, Z., 2005. Molecular analysis of the microbial communities of the Dagang Kongdian flooding bed oil field. J. Microorganism 45, 329–334. Watanabe, K., Kodama, Y., Kaku, N., 2002. Diversity and abundance of bacteria in an underground oil-storage cavity. BMC Microbiol. 2, 23.
References doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1430 den Besten, C., Vet, J.J., Besselink, H.T., Kiel, G.S., van Berkel, B.J., Beems, R., van Bladeren, P.J., 1991. The liver, kidney, and thyroid toxicity of chlorinated benzenes. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.. Field, J.A., Sierra-Alvarez, R., 2007. Microbial degradation of chlorinated benzenes. Biodegradation.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1429
VII1-P-032 Phosphate solubilization by Aspergillus niger DUT X1 isolation from agricultural soil Jun Lv, Xiao-rong Gao ∗ , Li-jing Wang, Li-jia An School of Environment & Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China E-mail address: [email protected] (X.-r. Gao). Phosphorus is one of the major essential macronutrients for plant growth. Many agricultural soils are generally low in available phosphorus (Oberson et al., 2001) and a large portion of inorganic phosphate applied to soil as phosphate fertilizers is rapidly