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High energy high resolution monochromatic X-ray computed tomography using synchrotron radiation
N DT Abstracts 52517 Yamauchi, Y.; lkuta, T.; Kishimoto, N. Three-dimensional high resolution tomography for small objects
method has been obtained. The experimentally made camera houses a scintillator-photoreceptor image plate of 10 x 10 cm size together with a corotoron charger as well as a toner developer, and a series of X-ray photographs with various energy conditions have become obtainable in a short time.
Nondestructive Characterization of Materials V, Karuizawa (Japan), 27- 30 May t991. pp. 309-318. Edited by T. Kishi, T. Saito, C. Ruud and R. Green. lketani Science and Technology Foundation (1993) Three dimensional microtomography system using a conventional X-ray source has been developed. The X-ray source using a rotating target is operated in the fine focus mode. The parallel projection configuration is adopted and transmitted X-rays are converted to visible light by the fluorescent screen before detection by a charge coupled device (CCD) still camera. The data acquisition is controlled mainly by a personal computer and the reconstruction is accomplished by a powerful computer accessible through the local area network (LAN). The performance of the apparatus is examined by observing a carbon-fiber/SiC composite. The spatial resolution of less than I0 lam is obtained.
50576 Patanchon, C.; Deniges, Y.; Lamarque, P. ARIANE 5 solid rocket motors non destructive testing Non-Destructive Testing 92. Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Sao Paulo (Brazil), 18-23 Oct. 1992. Vol. 1, pp. 176-180. Edited by C. Hallai and P. Kulcsar. Elsevier (1992) This paper describes the non destructive testing devices in use on ARIANE 5 solid rocket motors (SRM) in Guyana plant. Non destructive testing needs a solid propellant segment are integrity of central bore, propellant bulk and bondings with thermal protection. An endoscopic device using videogrammetric measurement is used to inspect central bore. An ultrasonic device fully automated is used to inspect frontal thermal protection bonding. A radioscopic real time system with 15 Mev X rays linac and phosphor screen detection allows propellant bulk and bondings inspection.
Pascente, J.E. Low light level real time imaging 52230
Real Time Imaging 11I Topical, Cincinnati, Ohio (United States), 26-28 Jul. 1988. pp. 42-44 ASNT (1988) The low intensity x-ray imaging scope "lixiscope" is composed of an xray source, a scintillator screen that converts x-rays to visible light, and a Micro-Channel Plate (MCP) visible light image intensifier. Photons are generated by either an x-ray tube or the decay of a radioactive isotope and are collimated so they strike the detector or scintillator screen. The screen has a high absorption coefficient for low energy x-ray or gamma rays, and a high conversion efficiency for those energies into visible light. The scintillator screen is located outside the vacuum envelope of a high gain MCP visible light image intensifier. Both the input and output face plates of the MCP image intensifier are made of fiber optics to prevent image degradation and to enhance the ruggedness of construction.
50453 Nagata, Y.; Yamaji, H.; Hayashi, K.; Kawashima, K.; Hyodo, K.; Kawata, H.; Ando, M. High energy high resolution monochromatic X-ray computed tomography using synchrotron radiation Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 7, No. 1-6, pp. 299-307 (1992) We have developed a high resolution monochromatic X-ray computed tomography system using synchrotron radiation in the energy range up to 50 keV. The system was installed in a vertical wiggler beamline at the Photon Factory of the National Laboratory for High Energy Physics. The system consists of a double-crystal monochromator employing asymmetric Bragg reflections, a photodiode array detector with a phosphor screen, and a microcomputer for control. CT images with a pixel size of 7.7 mum were obtained. An image subtraction technique for CT images above and below the X-ray absorption edge of iodine was also evaluated for liquid-containing glass capillaries. The results indicate that the system is very useful for nondestructively evaluating fine structures and their constituent elements.
Doering, E.R.; Basart, J.P. Improving the spatial resolution of real-time radiography images using the maximum entropy method 51727
25th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Pacific Grove, California (United States). 4-6 Nov. 1991. pp. 1072-1076. Edited by R.R. Chen. IEEE ( 1991 ). ISB N 0818624701 Real-time radiography is a non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique that permits continuous inspection of an object. This has the advantages of reduced cost and reduced inspection time compared to an equivalent film-based system. However, the real-time technique has reduced spatial resolution and contrast sensitivity due to light scattering in the phosphor conversion screens of the X-ray-to-light converter (image intensifier). We have evaluated the maximum-entropy method (MEM) as a technique to improve the spatial resolution of the real-time image. The point spread function (PSF) of the image intensifier was estimated by differentiating a high resolution scan made by translating the edge of a lead plate in a sub-pixel increments relative to single pixel of the CCD video camera. The 1-D PSF was rotated to form the 2-D PSF which was used as the system function for the MEM algorithm. Improvement in the restored image was evaluated 00004151 quantitatively using a resolution gauge.
Yamauchi, Y.; lkuta, T.; Kishimoto, N. Three-dimensional high resolution tomography for small objects 50452
Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 7, No. 1-6, pp. 309-318 (1992) Three dimensional microtomography system using a conventional X-ray source has been developed. The X-ray source using a rotating target is operated in the fine focus mode. The parallel projection configuration is adopted and transmitted X-rays are converted to visible light by the fluorescent screen before detection by a charge coupled device (CCD) still camera, The data acquisition is controlled mainly by a personal computer and the reconstruction is accomplished by a powerful computer accessible through the local area network (LAN). The performance of the apparatus is examined by observing a carbon-fiber/SiC composite. The spatial resolution of less than l0 m u m is obtained. The three dimensional image and its capability is demonstrated by showing tomographs at various directions. All the measurements and processing of a matrix of 256 X 192 X 200 data is performed in about three and a half hours.
Belyl, N.G.; Grom, V.S.; Marchuk, V.F. Determination of exposure in irradiation in 'Arina' pulsed equipment on radiographic film 51479
Technical Diagnostics and Nondestructive Testing, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 144 (1992) 'Arina' pulsed x ray equipment is designed for using conventional types of x ray film and amplifying screens. The use of radiographic paper as a detector has a number of advantages: reduces the cost of inspection, as a result of reducing the consumption of silver, makes it possible to examine photographs in reflected light, and reduces the processing time of photographs. The literature contains no data on nomograms of irradiation with Arina equipment on radiographic paper. The aim of this work is to approximate the available nomograms and construct nomograms for radiographic paper.
Nakamura, K.; Mukae, S.; Katoh, M.; Nishio, K. Fundamental study of detectability of subsurface defects by radiographic testing 50451
Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 7, No. 1-6, pp. 319-335 (1992) The influence of the beam angle to the defect surface and the image quality of radiographs on measuring the defect height and the defect depth were investigated. Specimens having a subsurface defect were produced by diffusion bonding between a smooth specimen and a specimen having a slit-like surface defect machined using an electrospark machine. Beam angle more than 15 was desirable in order to measure the defect height and the defect depth. When measuring the defect height, it is necessary to discern one finer wire of the image quality indicator than that necessary only to detect the image of the slit-like defect. There was a good correlation between the minimum discernible wire diameter and the value of the density of the contrastmeter delta D/(Dcentre dot delta T), but the essential value of delta D/D centre dot delta T) necessary to discern the wire seems to depend on the combination of the specimen thickness, the radiation sources, the X-ray films and the intensifying screens.
Shirouzu, S.; lnoue, S. A new type X-ray instant camera
51478
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 39. No. 5, pp. 1528-1531 (Oct. 1992) A highly sensitive X-ray image instant camera has been realized based on the seintillator-and-photoreceptor conversion method for a radiation image. As compared with the routinely used screen-film combination in medical and industrial fields, a high sensitivity of nearly 10 times the X-ray
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method has been obtained. The experimentally made camera houses a scintillator-photoreceptor image plate of 10 x 10 cm size together with a corotoron charger as well as a toner developer, and a series of X-ray photographs with various energy conditions have become obtainable in a short time.
Nondestructive Characterization of Materials V, Karuizawa (Japan), 27- 30 May t991. pp. 309-318. Edited by T. Kishi, T. Saito, C. Ruud and R. Green. lketani Science and Technology Foundation (1993) Three dimensional microtomography system using a conventional X-ray source has been developed. The X-ray source using a rotating target is operated in the fine focus mode. The parallel projection configuration is adopted and transmitted X-rays are converted to visible light by the fluorescent screen before detection by a charge coupled device (CCD) still camera. The data acquisition is controlled mainly by a personal computer and the reconstruction is accomplished by a powerful computer accessible through the local area network (LAN). The performance of the apparatus is examined by observing a carbon-fiber/SiC composite. The spatial resolution of less than I0 lam is obtained.
50576 Patanchon, C.; Deniges, Y.; Lamarque, P. ARIANE 5 solid rocket motors non destructive testing Non-Destructive Testing 92. Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Sao Paulo (Brazil), 18-23 Oct. 1992. Vol. 1, pp. 176-180. Edited by C. Hallai and P. Kulcsar. Elsevier (1992) This paper describes the non destructive testing devices in use on ARIANE 5 solid rocket motors (SRM) in Guyana plant. Non destructive testing needs a solid propellant segment are integrity of central bore, propellant bulk and bondings with thermal protection. An endoscopic device using videogrammetric measurement is used to inspect central bore. An ultrasonic device fully automated is used to inspect frontal thermal protection bonding. A radioscopic real time system with 15 Mev X rays linac and phosphor screen detection allows propellant bulk and bondings inspection.
Pascente, J.E. Low light level real time imaging 52230
Real Time Imaging 11I Topical, Cincinnati, Ohio (United States), 26-28 Jul. 1988. pp. 42-44 ASNT (1988) The low intensity x-ray imaging scope "lixiscope" is composed of an xray source, a scintillator screen that converts x-rays to visible light, and a Micro-Channel Plate (MCP) visible light image intensifier. Photons are generated by either an x-ray tube or the decay of a radioactive isotope and are collimated so they strike the detector or scintillator screen. The screen has a high absorption coefficient for low energy x-ray or gamma rays, and a high conversion efficiency for those energies into visible light. The scintillator screen is located outside the vacuum envelope of a high gain MCP visible light image intensifier. Both the input and output face plates of the MCP image intensifier are made of fiber optics to prevent image degradation and to enhance the ruggedness of construction.
50453 Nagata, Y.; Yamaji, H.; Hayashi, K.; Kawashima, K.; Hyodo, K.; Kawata, H.; Ando, M. High energy high resolution monochromatic X-ray computed tomography using synchrotron radiation Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 7, No. 1-6, pp. 299-307 (1992) We have developed a high resolution monochromatic X-ray computed tomography system using synchrotron radiation in the energy range up to 50 keV. The system was installed in a vertical wiggler beamline at the Photon Factory of the National Laboratory for High Energy Physics. The system consists of a double-crystal monochromator employing asymmetric Bragg reflections, a photodiode array detector with a phosphor screen, and a microcomputer for control. CT images with a pixel size of 7.7 mum were obtained. An image subtraction technique for CT images above and below the X-ray absorption edge of iodine was also evaluated for liquid-containing glass capillaries. The results indicate that the system is very useful for nondestructively evaluating fine structures and their constituent elements.
Doering, E.R.; Basart, J.P. Improving the spatial resolution of real-time radiography images using the maximum entropy method 51727
25th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Pacific Grove, California (United States). 4-6 Nov. 1991. pp. 1072-1076. Edited by R.R. Chen. IEEE ( 1991 ). ISB N 0818624701 Real-time radiography is a non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique that permits continuous inspection of an object. This has the advantages of reduced cost and reduced inspection time compared to an equivalent film-based system. However, the real-time technique has reduced spatial resolution and contrast sensitivity due to light scattering in the phosphor conversion screens of the X-ray-to-light converter (image intensifier). We have evaluated the maximum-entropy method (MEM) as a technique to improve the spatial resolution of the real-time image. The point spread function (PSF) of the image intensifier was estimated by differentiating a high resolution scan made by translating the edge of a lead plate in a sub-pixel increments relative to single pixel of the CCD video camera. The 1-D PSF was rotated to form the 2-D PSF which was used as the system function for the MEM algorithm. Improvement in the restored image was evaluated 00004151 quantitatively using a resolution gauge.
Yamauchi, Y.; lkuta, T.; Kishimoto, N. Three-dimensional high resolution tomography for small objects 50452
Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 7, No. 1-6, pp. 309-318 (1992) Three dimensional microtomography system using a conventional X-ray source has been developed. The X-ray source using a rotating target is operated in the fine focus mode. The parallel projection configuration is adopted and transmitted X-rays are converted to visible light by the fluorescent screen before detection by a charge coupled device (CCD) still camera, The data acquisition is controlled mainly by a personal computer and the reconstruction is accomplished by a powerful computer accessible through the local area network (LAN). The performance of the apparatus is examined by observing a carbon-fiber/SiC composite. The spatial resolution of less than l0 m u m is obtained. The three dimensional image and its capability is demonstrated by showing tomographs at various directions. All the measurements and processing of a matrix of 256 X 192 X 200 data is performed in about three and a half hours.
Belyl, N.G.; Grom, V.S.; Marchuk, V.F. Determination of exposure in irradiation in 'Arina' pulsed equipment on radiographic film 51479
Technical Diagnostics and Nondestructive Testing, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 144 (1992) 'Arina' pulsed x ray equipment is designed for using conventional types of x ray film and amplifying screens. The use of radiographic paper as a detector has a number of advantages: reduces the cost of inspection, as a result of reducing the consumption of silver, makes it possible to examine photographs in reflected light, and reduces the processing time of photographs. The literature contains no data on nomograms of irradiation with Arina equipment on radiographic paper. The aim of this work is to approximate the available nomograms and construct nomograms for radiographic paper.
Nakamura, K.; Mukae, S.; Katoh, M.; Nishio, K. Fundamental study of detectability of subsurface defects by radiographic testing 50451
Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 7, No. 1-6, pp. 319-335 (1992) The influence of the beam angle to the defect surface and the image quality of radiographs on measuring the defect height and the defect depth were investigated. Specimens having a subsurface defect were produced by diffusion bonding between a smooth specimen and a specimen having a slit-like surface defect machined using an electrospark machine. Beam angle more than 15 was desirable in order to measure the defect height and the defect depth. When measuring the defect height, it is necessary to discern one finer wire of the image quality indicator than that necessary only to detect the image of the slit-like defect. There was a good correlation between the minimum discernible wire diameter and the value of the density of the contrastmeter delta D/(Dcentre dot delta T), but the essential value of delta D/D centre dot delta T) necessary to discern the wire seems to depend on the combination of the specimen thickness, the radiation sources, the X-ray films and the intensifying screens.
Shirouzu, S.; lnoue, S. A new type X-ray instant camera
51478
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 39. No. 5, pp. 1528-1531 (Oct. 1992) A highly sensitive X-ray image instant camera has been realized based on the seintillator-and-photoreceptor conversion method for a radiation image. As compared with the routinely used screen-film combination in medical and industrial fields, a high sensitivity of nearly 10 times the X-ray
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