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High intensity interval training symposium
Abstracts / Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 20S (2017) e2–e31
Case 3: Patellofemoral lesions: Prof Kay Crossley Case 4: Addressing pain, psychological factors: Prof Bill Vicenzino
Discussions of cases by panel and questions from the audience http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.12.008 5 High intensity interval training symposium David Bishop 1 , Jeff Coombes 2 , Andre Le Gerche 3 , Tony Marsh 4 1
Victoria University of Technology, Australia University of Queensland, Australia 3 Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Australia 4 Wake Forest University, United States 2
High intensity interval training (HIIT) refers to bursts of high intensity exercise separated by periods of low intensity. This training approach has been used with athletes for decades to enhance aerobic and anaerobic performance and is now being widely studied for effectiveness in clinical populations. This symposium will firstly look at the effects of HIIT at a cellular level. Prof. Bishop will describe the latest research investigating the effects of HIIT on mitochondrial biogenesis, and whether this can help explain the reported health benefits of HIIT. Mitochondria are key components of skeletal muscles, as they provide the energy required for almost all cellular activities and play an important role in ageing and cell pathology. Exercise training is one factor shown to provide a powerful stimulus to increase both mitochondrial content and/or respiratory function, yet little is known about the optimal training dose. This will be followed by Prof. Coombes discussing the safety and efficacy evidence of HIIT in participants with cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, cancer and diabetes. Finally, a panel discussion including A/Prof. Le Gerche and Dr Marsh will allow for audience interaction on issues related to HIIT. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.12.009 6 Sitting time and depression in young women over 12-years: The effect of physical activity T. Pavey 1,∗ , W. Brown 2 1 School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Tecnology, Australia 2 School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
Introduction: There is an increasing body of evidence to show that prolonged sitting time is associated with increased risk of mortality and chronic illnesses, including depression. While there have been claims that the two risks are ‘independent’, their joint and stratified effects are unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the combined effects of physical activity and sitting time on the 12 year risk of depressive symptoms in young women. Methods: 9061 young participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health completed surveys in 2000 (age 22–27), 2003, 2006, 2009 and 2012. Generalised Estimating Equation models were used to calculate odds ratios for depressive symptoms, in women in increasing quintiles of sitting time and decreasing quartiles of physical activity, with <4 h/day of sitting and the highest PA quartile as the reference category (joint effect). Effects were also examined in stratified models, with <4 h/day of
e3
sitting the reference category in each PA quartile. Models were adjusted for a number of socio-demographic, behavioural and health covariates. Results: In the adjusted model, compared with the reference category (low sitting, high physical activity), odds ratios for depressive symptoms were significantly higher among women who sat for >4, 6 or 8 h/day and reported doing no physical activity. Only those who sat <4 h/day were not at increased risk. Women who sat for ≥10 h/day were at greater risk of depressive symptoms than those in the reference category, regardless of PA level (PA quartile 1, OR = 1.72 [95% CI = 1.38–2.14]; PA quartile 2, OR = 1.59 [95% CI = 1.26–2.00]; PA quartile 3, OR = 1.35 [95% CI = 1.16–1.91]; PA quartile 4, OR = 1.49 [95% CI = 1.16–1.91]). These significant associations for women who sat for ≥10 h/day, remained in stratified analysis (PA quartiles 1, OR = 1.41 [95% CI = 1.12–1.77]; PA quartile 2, OR = 1.62 [95% CI = 1.26–2.08]; PA quartile 3, OR = 1.39 [95% CI = 1.09–1.76]; PA quartile 4, OR = 1.54 [95% CI = 1.19–1.99]). Discussion: These data suggest that there are joint effects of too little activity and too much sitting on the risk of developing depressive symptoms in young women. High levels of PA appear to be protective against the hazards of high sitting time at this life stage, except for those with high levels of sitting. The volume of both sitting time and physical activity should therefore be taken into account when the health risks of too much sitting are being examined. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.12.010 7 Active minds happy kids: A stealth-based pilot intervention targeting preschoolers’ screen-time, outdoor play and social skills T. Hinkley 1,∗ , D. Cliff 2 , J. Lum 3 , K. Hesketh 1 1
Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Australia 2 Early Start Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Australia 3 School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia Introduction: Preschoolers spend a large amount of time in screen-time and are insufficiently active which may be detrimental to growth and development. Parents are reluctant to reduce screen-time or increase active play and fail to appreciate potential impacts on their preschool child. Focusing on characteristics with saliency to parents may be an effective behaviour change approach. This study examines the potential efficacy of a family-based, online intervention targeting social skills as a means to reduce preschoolers’ screen-time and increase their outdoor play. Methods: This pilot intervention assigned families within preschools to either a wholly-online (n = 11 preschools, 26 families) or online with one group session (n = 3 preschools, 16 families) intervention. The intervention included weekly activities to support cognitive functioning and social skills and decrease screen-time. Social Cognitive and Family Systems Theories underpinned program development. Parents participated in eight weekly sessions covering topics including recommendations, behaviour change processes and strategies, and seven social skills (e.g. communication, empathy). Screen-time, outdoor play and social skills (Social Skills Rating Scale) were assessed by parent-proxy report. Preliminary analyses assessing pre- to post-intervention differences were assessed using paired t tests. Results: Children were aged 4.8 (range 4.2–5.5) years at baseline and 60% were boys. Children spent significantly less time in total screen-time (110.4 min/day, 95% CI 83.3, 137.5 vs. 136.0,
Case 3: Patellofemoral lesions: Prof Kay Crossley Case 4: Addressing pain, psychological factors: Prof Bill Vicenzino
Discussions of cases by panel and questions from the audience http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.12.008 5 High intensity interval training symposium David Bishop 1 , Jeff Coombes 2 , Andre Le Gerche 3 , Tony Marsh 4 1
Victoria University of Technology, Australia University of Queensland, Australia 3 Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Australia 4 Wake Forest University, United States 2
High intensity interval training (HIIT) refers to bursts of high intensity exercise separated by periods of low intensity. This training approach has been used with athletes for decades to enhance aerobic and anaerobic performance and is now being widely studied for effectiveness in clinical populations. This symposium will firstly look at the effects of HIIT at a cellular level. Prof. Bishop will describe the latest research investigating the effects of HIIT on mitochondrial biogenesis, and whether this can help explain the reported health benefits of HIIT. Mitochondria are key components of skeletal muscles, as they provide the energy required for almost all cellular activities and play an important role in ageing and cell pathology. Exercise training is one factor shown to provide a powerful stimulus to increase both mitochondrial content and/or respiratory function, yet little is known about the optimal training dose. This will be followed by Prof. Coombes discussing the safety and efficacy evidence of HIIT in participants with cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, cancer and diabetes. Finally, a panel discussion including A/Prof. Le Gerche and Dr Marsh will allow for audience interaction on issues related to HIIT. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.12.009 6 Sitting time and depression in young women over 12-years: The effect of physical activity T. Pavey 1,∗ , W. Brown 2 1 School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Tecnology, Australia 2 School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
Introduction: There is an increasing body of evidence to show that prolonged sitting time is associated with increased risk of mortality and chronic illnesses, including depression. While there have been claims that the two risks are ‘independent’, their joint and stratified effects are unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the combined effects of physical activity and sitting time on the 12 year risk of depressive symptoms in young women. Methods: 9061 young participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health completed surveys in 2000 (age 22–27), 2003, 2006, 2009 and 2012. Generalised Estimating Equation models were used to calculate odds ratios for depressive symptoms, in women in increasing quintiles of sitting time and decreasing quartiles of physical activity, with <4 h/day of sitting and the highest PA quartile as the reference category (joint effect). Effects were also examined in stratified models, with <4 h/day of
e3
sitting the reference category in each PA quartile. Models were adjusted for a number of socio-demographic, behavioural and health covariates. Results: In the adjusted model, compared with the reference category (low sitting, high physical activity), odds ratios for depressive symptoms were significantly higher among women who sat for >4, 6 or 8 h/day and reported doing no physical activity. Only those who sat <4 h/day were not at increased risk. Women who sat for ≥10 h/day were at greater risk of depressive symptoms than those in the reference category, regardless of PA level (PA quartile 1, OR = 1.72 [95% CI = 1.38–2.14]; PA quartile 2, OR = 1.59 [95% CI = 1.26–2.00]; PA quartile 3, OR = 1.35 [95% CI = 1.16–1.91]; PA quartile 4, OR = 1.49 [95% CI = 1.16–1.91]). These significant associations for women who sat for ≥10 h/day, remained in stratified analysis (PA quartiles 1, OR = 1.41 [95% CI = 1.12–1.77]; PA quartile 2, OR = 1.62 [95% CI = 1.26–2.08]; PA quartile 3, OR = 1.39 [95% CI = 1.09–1.76]; PA quartile 4, OR = 1.54 [95% CI = 1.19–1.99]). Discussion: These data suggest that there are joint effects of too little activity and too much sitting on the risk of developing depressive symptoms in young women. High levels of PA appear to be protective against the hazards of high sitting time at this life stage, except for those with high levels of sitting. The volume of both sitting time and physical activity should therefore be taken into account when the health risks of too much sitting are being examined. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.12.010 7 Active minds happy kids: A stealth-based pilot intervention targeting preschoolers’ screen-time, outdoor play and social skills T. Hinkley 1,∗ , D. Cliff 2 , J. Lum 3 , K. Hesketh 1 1
Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Australia 2 Early Start Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Australia 3 School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia Introduction: Preschoolers spend a large amount of time in screen-time and are insufficiently active which may be detrimental to growth and development. Parents are reluctant to reduce screen-time or increase active play and fail to appreciate potential impacts on their preschool child. Focusing on characteristics with saliency to parents may be an effective behaviour change approach. This study examines the potential efficacy of a family-based, online intervention targeting social skills as a means to reduce preschoolers’ screen-time and increase their outdoor play. Methods: This pilot intervention assigned families within preschools to either a wholly-online (n = 11 preschools, 26 families) or online with one group session (n = 3 preschools, 16 families) intervention. The intervention included weekly activities to support cognitive functioning and social skills and decrease screen-time. Social Cognitive and Family Systems Theories underpinned program development. Parents participated in eight weekly sessions covering topics including recommendations, behaviour change processes and strategies, and seven social skills (e.g. communication, empathy). Screen-time, outdoor play and social skills (Social Skills Rating Scale) were assessed by parent-proxy report. Preliminary analyses assessing pre- to post-intervention differences were assessed using paired t tests. Results: Children were aged 4.8 (range 4.2–5.5) years at baseline and 60% were boys. Children spent significantly less time in total screen-time (110.4 min/day, 95% CI 83.3, 137.5 vs. 136.0,