- Email: [email protected]
High-performance liquid chromatography—advances and perspectives, vol. 4
Journal of Chromatography,
403 (1987) 392-393
Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.. Amsterdam -
Printed in The Netherlands
CHROM. 19 656
Book
Review
High-performance
liquid chromatography-
Advances and perspectives,
by Cs. Horvath, Academic Press, Orlando, + 231 pp., price US$ 70.00, & 58.50.
Vol. 4, edited San Diego, New York, 1986, X
This book presents authoritative surveys of four interesting topics important for contemporary high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The high standard achieved in the preceding volumes of this series is fully maintained. The thorough review of the combination of liquid chromatography with electrochemistry by R. E. Shoup offers extremely useful reading on this exciting topic, both for a novice and experienced workers. A survey of the theoretical principles of electrochemical detection in HPLC is followed by a detailed description of various possibilities of the detector cell design and a comparison of the properties of electrodes prepared from various materials. Special attention is paid to the combination of microbore HPLC with electrochemical detection. A significant part of this chapter is concerned with the impact of multi-electrode electrochemical detection and pulse voltammetric techniques on the sensitivity and selectivity of detection. The possibilities of the rapid potential scanning to acquire real-time voltammograms for the identification of the individual peaks are also addressed. A number of examples of practical applications are discussed in detail, including the trace analysis of catecholamines and other neurotransmitters, toxic organics and their metabolites. Interesting related techniques are described, such as the connection of electrochemical detection with post-column enzymatic reactions and the design of devices available for direct in vivo sampling of brain fluid for analysis by HPLC with electrochemical detection. The three other contributions deal with the HPLC of biopolymers. The chapter by R. L. Potter and R. V. Lewis contains useful practical hints concerning the selection of operational variables (type of the stationary phase, temperature, mobile phase composition, gradient parameters, etc.) in reversed-phase chromatography and in the hydrophobic interaction chromatography of proteins and oligonucleotides, which are illustrated by selected examples of applications. The synergism of different separation mechanisms may be beneficial for improving the selectivity of separation of various biopolymers. T. R. Floyd and R. A. Hartwick survey the methods available for the preparation and evaluation of intentionally heterogeneous mixed-mode stationary phases suitable for meeting this goal. Empirical approaches are used rather than theory, which is only in its very beginnings and does not yet allow one to predict a priori the chromatographic properties of the newly synthesized stationary phases. A rigorous thermodynamic treatment should obviously consider also the role of the mobile phase in these different separation mechanisms. The excellent chapter by L. R. Snyder and M. A. Stadalius, which is based on
BOOK
393
REVIEWS
the authors’ recent research, postulates a general theoretical model for HPLC separations of proteins (and other large molecules). The model is based on the well established theory of the chromatographic separation of small molecules in reversedphase and ion-exchange systems. The underlying principles of the retention behaviour under both isocratic and gradient elution conditions are reviewed first, followed by a discussion of the peculiarities due to the nature of macromolecules, such as the restricted diffusion into the pores of the column packing particles and the large changes in retention induced by even a very small change in mobile phase composition. Theoretical equations are formulated for the prediction of retention, band broadening, resolution and detection sensitivity of macromolecules and various possible sources of deviations from the predicted behaviour are discussed, including the interconversion of protein conformers and protein heterogeneity. The theory is presented in a very clear and erudite manner and is verified using numerous examples of protein separations. Despite of some necessary simplifications involved in the derivation, the general model proposed offers a valuable tool for a better understanding of the chromatographic behaviour of proteins and other macromolecules and suggests useful guidelines for the selection of operating conditions for newly developed HPLC separations of these compounds. The book is well produced and contains many useful tables and diagrams. It can be recommended to workers interested in the separation of biochemically important compounds and to graduate students. Pardubice (Czechoslovakia)
Journal of Chromatography, 403 (1987) 393-394 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam CHROM.
PAVEL
Printed
JANDERA
in The Netherlands
19 716
Book Review
Advances in chromatography,
Vol. 25, edited by J. C. Giddings, E. Grushka,, J. Cazes and P. R. Brown, Marcel Dekker, New York, Base], 1986, XX + 391 pp., price USS 69.75 (U.S.A. and Canada), USS 83.50 (rest of world), ISBN O8247-7546-5.
Volume 25 of Advances in chromatography upholds the tradition of excellence we have come to asssociate with this series. Under the very capable editorship of Giddings, Grushka, Cazes and Brown another eight chapters have now been added to the collection of first-rate articles on chromatography. It is significant that all of them deal with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which is now at the forefront of the research activity in that field. Hafkenscheid and Tomlinson discuss the estimation of physicochemical prop-
403 (1987) 392-393
Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.. Amsterdam -
Printed in The Netherlands
CHROM. 19 656
Book
Review
High-performance
liquid chromatography-
Advances and perspectives,
by Cs. Horvath, Academic Press, Orlando, + 231 pp., price US$ 70.00, & 58.50.
Vol. 4, edited San Diego, New York, 1986, X
This book presents authoritative surveys of four interesting topics important for contemporary high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The high standard achieved in the preceding volumes of this series is fully maintained. The thorough review of the combination of liquid chromatography with electrochemistry by R. E. Shoup offers extremely useful reading on this exciting topic, both for a novice and experienced workers. A survey of the theoretical principles of electrochemical detection in HPLC is followed by a detailed description of various possibilities of the detector cell design and a comparison of the properties of electrodes prepared from various materials. Special attention is paid to the combination of microbore HPLC with electrochemical detection. A significant part of this chapter is concerned with the impact of multi-electrode electrochemical detection and pulse voltammetric techniques on the sensitivity and selectivity of detection. The possibilities of the rapid potential scanning to acquire real-time voltammograms for the identification of the individual peaks are also addressed. A number of examples of practical applications are discussed in detail, including the trace analysis of catecholamines and other neurotransmitters, toxic organics and their metabolites. Interesting related techniques are described, such as the connection of electrochemical detection with post-column enzymatic reactions and the design of devices available for direct in vivo sampling of brain fluid for analysis by HPLC with electrochemical detection. The three other contributions deal with the HPLC of biopolymers. The chapter by R. L. Potter and R. V. Lewis contains useful practical hints concerning the selection of operational variables (type of the stationary phase, temperature, mobile phase composition, gradient parameters, etc.) in reversed-phase chromatography and in the hydrophobic interaction chromatography of proteins and oligonucleotides, which are illustrated by selected examples of applications. The synergism of different separation mechanisms may be beneficial for improving the selectivity of separation of various biopolymers. T. R. Floyd and R. A. Hartwick survey the methods available for the preparation and evaluation of intentionally heterogeneous mixed-mode stationary phases suitable for meeting this goal. Empirical approaches are used rather than theory, which is only in its very beginnings and does not yet allow one to predict a priori the chromatographic properties of the newly synthesized stationary phases. A rigorous thermodynamic treatment should obviously consider also the role of the mobile phase in these different separation mechanisms. The excellent chapter by L. R. Snyder and M. A. Stadalius, which is based on
BOOK
393
REVIEWS
the authors’ recent research, postulates a general theoretical model for HPLC separations of proteins (and other large molecules). The model is based on the well established theory of the chromatographic separation of small molecules in reversedphase and ion-exchange systems. The underlying principles of the retention behaviour under both isocratic and gradient elution conditions are reviewed first, followed by a discussion of the peculiarities due to the nature of macromolecules, such as the restricted diffusion into the pores of the column packing particles and the large changes in retention induced by even a very small change in mobile phase composition. Theoretical equations are formulated for the prediction of retention, band broadening, resolution and detection sensitivity of macromolecules and various possible sources of deviations from the predicted behaviour are discussed, including the interconversion of protein conformers and protein heterogeneity. The theory is presented in a very clear and erudite manner and is verified using numerous examples of protein separations. Despite of some necessary simplifications involved in the derivation, the general model proposed offers a valuable tool for a better understanding of the chromatographic behaviour of proteins and other macromolecules and suggests useful guidelines for the selection of operating conditions for newly developed HPLC separations of these compounds. The book is well produced and contains many useful tables and diagrams. It can be recommended to workers interested in the separation of biochemically important compounds and to graduate students. Pardubice (Czechoslovakia)
Journal of Chromatography, 403 (1987) 393-394 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam CHROM.
PAVEL
Printed
JANDERA
in The Netherlands
19 716
Book Review
Advances in chromatography,
Vol. 25, edited by J. C. Giddings, E. Grushka,, J. Cazes and P. R. Brown, Marcel Dekker, New York, Base], 1986, XX + 391 pp., price USS 69.75 (U.S.A. and Canada), USS 83.50 (rest of world), ISBN O8247-7546-5.
Volume 25 of Advances in chromatography upholds the tradition of excellence we have come to asssociate with this series. Under the very capable editorship of Giddings, Grushka, Cazes and Brown another eight chapters have now been added to the collection of first-rate articles on chromatography. It is significant that all of them deal with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which is now at the forefront of the research activity in that field. Hafkenscheid and Tomlinson discuss the estimation of physicochemical prop-